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小学英语说课稿中文模板
一、说教材1.教材的地位及作用 本课重点围绕学生对几种体育运动是否喜爱这个题材开展多种教学活动，通过学习句型 I like …\I don't like …，让学生能够用英语表达出自己的思想和感受。它是整个模块的重点，占有很重要的地位，它为后两个单元的学习奠定了基础。 2.教学目标 新课程强调知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观三个角度的有机结合，本着这样的认识，我制定如下教学目标。(小学阶段的英语课主要是激发学生学习英语的兴趣；培养学生对英语学习的积极态度，使他们建立学习英语的自信心；培养学生一定的语感和良好的语音、语调，为英语的进一步学习打下基础。)-------这是讲确立教学目标的依据 知识目标：(或者叫认知目标)学习掌握单词 football. basketball. tabletennis. morning，学 习运用句型 I like …\I don't like …。
小学语文说课稿经典获奖
一、教材分析 首先我说说教材。根据新课程标准、本组课文训练的主要意图和学生的实际，我们确定了本课的教学目标。 知识目标：理解重点词句，了解爬山虎的脚的特点。 本事目标：学习作者观察和表达方法，培养学生留心观察周围事物的习惯和本事。 情感目标：激发学生观察的兴趣，做生活的有心人。 二、教学重点 经过对词句的理解，了解爬山虎脚的特点。 三、教学难点 爬山虎是怎样向上爬的 四、教具准备 课件、彩色笔、画纸 五、教法和学法 结合本课的特点和本组课文的训练重点，以读书训练为经，语言文字训练为纬，开发全脑为桥，调动学生的多种感官参与学习过程，以学生饶有兴趣的说、演、画、议，来代替教师单一的讲、管形式，在艺术的熏陶下激发学生兴趣，在兼容并举中力求最大限度地发挥学生的自主性、主动性、发展性、创造性，从而到达激发兴趣、理解感悟的境界。
人教版高中数学选择性必修二导数的四则运算法则教学设计
求函数的导数的策略(1)先区分函数的运算特点，即函数的和、差、积、商，再根据导数的运算法则求导数；(2)对于三个以上函数的积、商的导数，依次转化为“两个”函数的积、商的导数计算．跟踪训练1 求下列函数的导数：(1)y＝x2＋log3x； (2)y＝x3·ex； (3)y＝cos xx.[解] (1)y′＝(x2＋log3x)′＝(x2)′＋(log3x)′＝2x＋1xln 3.(2)y′＝(x3·ex)′＝(x3)′·ex＋x3·(ex)′＝3x2·ex＋x3·ex＝ex(x3＋3x2)．(3)y′＝cos xx′＝?cos x?′·x－cos x·?x?′x2＝－x·sin x－cos xx2＝－xsin x＋cos xx2.跟踪训练2 求下列函数的导数（1）y＝tan x； （2）y＝2sin x2cos x2解析：（1）y＝tan x＝sin xcos x，故y′＝?sin x?′cos x－?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2＝cos2x＋sin2xcos2x＝1cos2x.（2）y＝2sin x2cos x2＝sin x，故y′＝cos x.例5 日常生活中的饮用水通常是经过净化的，随着水的纯净度的提高，所需进化费用不断增加，已知将1t水进化到纯净度为x%所需费用（单位：元），为c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求进化到下列纯净度时，所需进化费用的瞬时变化率：（1） 90% ；（2） 98%解：净化费用的瞬时变化率就是净化费用函数的导数；c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for writing教学设计二
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教学设计二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教学设计二
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教学设计二
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
【高教版】中职数学基础模块上册：2.3《一元二次不等式》教案设计
教师姓名 课程名称数学班 级 授课日期 授课顺序 章节名称§2.3 一元二次不等式教 学 目 标知识目标：1、理解一元二次不等式和一元二次方程以及二次函数之间的关系 2、理解一元二次不等式的解集的含义 3、一元二次不等式的解集与二次函数图像的对应 技能目标：1、会解一元二次方程 2、会画二次函数的图像 3、能结合图像写出一元二次不等式的解集 情感目标：体会知识之间的相互关联性，体会数形结合思想的重要性教学 重点 和 难点重点： 1、一元二次不等式的解集的含义 2、一元二次不等式与二次函数的关系 难点： 1、将一元二次不等式和一元二次方程以及二次函数联系起来 2、在函数图像上正确的找到解集对应的部分教 学 资 源《数学》（第一册） 多媒体课件评 估 反 馈课堂提问 课堂练习作 业习题2.3课后记本节课内容是比较重要的，是一元二次方程、一元二次函数、一元二次不等式的结合，相关知识点融会贯通，数形结合的思想方法在这有很好的运用。三种情况只要讲清楚一种，另外两种可由学生自行推出结论。
【高教版】中职数学基础模块上册：2.3《一元二次不等式》优秀教案
【教学目标】1、了解方程、不等式、函数的图像之间的联系；2、掌握一元二次不等式的图像解法；【教学重点】1、 方程、不等式、函数的图像之间的联系；2、 一元二次不等式的解法。【教学难点】 一元二次不等式的解法。【教学设计】 1、从复习一次函数图像、一元一次方程、一元一次不等式的联系入手；2、类比观察一元二次函数图像，得到一元二次不等式的图像解法；3、加强知识的巩固与练习，培养学生的数学思维能力。【课时安排】 2课时（90分钟）【教学过程】一、一元二次不等式的解法² 复习回顾1、根据初中所学知识，填写下面表格： △＞0 △=0△＜0y=ax²+bx+c (a＞0)的图像ax²+bx+c=0 (a＞0)的根有 2 个根有 1 个根有 0 个根2、观察二次函数y=x²-5x+6的图像，回答下列问题：（1）当y=0时，x取什么值？（2）二次函数y=x²-5x+6的图像与x轴交点的坐标是什么？（3）当y＜0时，x的取值范围是什么？总结：由此看到，通过对函数y=x²-5x+6的图像的研究，可以求出不等式x²-5x+6＞0与x²-5x+6＜0的解集
XX镇中心初级中学2023—2024学年度第二学期工作总结
五、总务后勤工作方面在本学期的教育教学工作中，总务工作在工作中坚持发挥后盾保障作用，本着以教书育人，服务育人，服务教学的原则，坚持履行学校的整体工作步骤，切实完成好学校的总务后勤工作。1.在后勤服务工作中，本着服务教学的意识，着力强化后勤队伍建设，努力增强服务意识。2.严格履行财务制度，规范财务行为。在经费使用方面执行预算审批制度，在购物方面实行采购审批和政府采购制度，杜绝了各种不正之风，保证了资金的效益最大化。3.学校和各班班主任签定了班班通责任书，加强了班班通设备管理。同时制定了《班级财产管理制度》，把公物管理列入班主任考核内容之一，加强了财产管理。
第二十个全国中小学生“安全教育日”国旗下讲话稿
老师们、同学们，上午好！今天是第二十个全国中小学生“安全教育日”，所以，今天我讲话的题目是《珍爱生命，安全第一》，教育部长周济曾讲过这么一句话：“没有安全，何谈教育”，的确是这样，没有校园安全，哪来教育事业的发展。校园安全不但关系到每位同学能否健康成长，也关系到每个家庭的幸福。因此,我们必须清醒的认识到“安全无小事”。但校园安全事故每天都在上演，校园安全问题成了永恒的话题。楼道踩踏、食物中毒、溺水身亡、交通安全、违规用电、火灾火险、体育运动、网络交友、打架斗殴、流感病毒、毒品危害等等，这些校园安全事故时刻威胁着我们青少年学生的健康成长。下面我们听一听这些触目惊心的安全事故。XX年12月7日湖南省湘潭育才中学发生惨重的校园踩踏事件，一名学生在下楼梯的过程中跌倒，引起拥挤踩踏，造成8人死亡，26人受伤。XX年12月2日，山东东营某学校校车侧翻事故造成3名学生死亡。XX年12月8日，安徽省淮北市同仁中学篮球场边的高墙轰然坍塌，5名女同学的花季生命被永远定格在哪里。XX年4月27日，辽宁省葫芦岛市某中学6名学生校外私自游泳，溺水死亡。
第二学期第2周国旗下讲话稿：学雷锋精神，做友善之人
老师们、同学们：大家好！今天我国旗下讲话的题目是《学雷锋精神，做友善之人》。春意融融的阳春三月即将到来，神州大地的每一个角落，尤其是学校都将再次掀起一股“学雷锋”的春风，这股永吹不停的“春风”是人们对往年学雷锋活动的总结和后续，又是雷锋精神的深化和发扬。雷锋，这个光辉的名字，犹如一颗明亮的星，为亿万人所景仰、所熟知。因为它成为一种不朽的象征——象征着我们民族勤劳、简朴、关心他人，克已奉公的优良传统；同时它成为一种永恒的启示——启示着我们一代又一代青少年奋发向上、不竭努力，为实现人类美好的理想而奉献出每一分光和热。毛主席说过“一个人做一件好事不难，要做一辈子好事，却很难很难”雷锋叔叔就是一个这样的人。他心中时刻装着祖国，装着他人，雷锋叔叔说过“人的生命是有限的，我要把有限的生命投入到无限的为人民服务当中去”他用年轻的生命实践了自己的诺言。
第二周国旗下讲话稿：发扬宏志精神，实现青春跨越
老师们，同学们，大家好！今天我国旗下讲话的题目是《发扬宏志精神，实现青春跨越》。XX年9月，宏志班在xx市xx实验中学创立了。从那时起到今天，历经三年时光，自强不息的田中人用青春和汗水换来了宏志大树的刚健与挺拔，铸就了xx中学今日的丰硕与芬芳。特别是XX年、XX年两年中考，宏志班的同学取得了优异的成绩，有90多名宏志生录取到四星级高中，圆满的完成了教育局下达的扬中、附中指标，这些数据不断刷新着田中教学质量的新高度，赢得了家长、社会的刮目相看和高度赞誉。喜人的成绩面前，我们追寻原因：到底是什么让田中学子不断书写美丽的传奇？我想：应该就是宏志精神。什么是宏志精神呢？宏志精神的核心就是“自强、勤奋、感恩”。《易经》中说：“天行健，君子以自强不息”。古往今来，成就大事之人，都是自强之人。勾践卧薪尝胆，实现了“三千越军可吞吴”的壮举；祖逖闻鸡起舞，赢得了东晋军事家的美名；曹雪芹披阅十载，增删五次，铸就了《红楼梦》的绝世经典。人生的道路漫长而又精彩：我们要学会在阳光中欢笑，在阴霾中坚强，在狂风中抓紧希望，在暴雨中坚守理想；自强不息，乐观向上，走出一条属于自己的人生之路。
第二十一个全国中小学生安全教育日校长国旗下讲话稿
老师、同学们：早上好！今天是第21个全国中小学生安全教育日，今年中小学学生安全教育日主题是“强化安全意识，提升安全素养”，我们学校把这一周定为安全教育周，主题是生命教育。学校根据这一主题将开展一系列的活动，各个班级要开好一个生命教育的主题班会，出好一期黑板报，同学们要阅读一本或一篇有关生命教育的书籍或资料；进一步认识生命，树立正确的生命观，欣赏生命、尊重生命、敬畏生命，直至热爱生命，以达到激发生命的潜能，提升生命的品质，捍卫生命的尊严；感受生命的美好，唤起生命的热情，体认生命的意义，实现生命的价值；学会对他人生命的尊重、关怀和欣赏，树立积极的人生观。同学们，生命最大的特征是“生生不息”，我们的生命源于父母，对父母要有感恩之情、思念之情、亲爱之情。“仁者爱人”，要从与自己最亲近的人爱起，扩展到爱他人，爱社会，爱万物。要明白生命之成长必扎根于社会文明、文化与传统的土壤中，与他人、与过去现在未来之一切人的生命相依相系。
第十二周国旗下讲话稿：冬季长跑，让健康与我同行
第十二周国旗下讲话：冬季长跑，让健康与我同行尊敬的老师、亲爱的同学们：大家好！我是高一15班的雷xx。今天我国旗下讲话的题目是：冬季长跑，让健康与我同行。在这个金桔飘香的季节里，同学们，你们是否听见了冬天的脚步在向我们临近？随着冬天的到来，皮肤干燥、饮食减少、伤风感冒等各种疾病也随之而来。我想从此时开始，我们全校师生应该树立起“健康第一”的观念，享受阳光下美好的时光，利用好这些时间积极投身体育活动，强健我们的体魄。为此，我对深入持久的开展阳光体育冬季长跑提出以下几点希望：一、在活动中加强“诚信”的自我教育，提高自我锻炼意识和参与意识，促进学校体育活动健康积极发展。二、条件受限形式可变，长跑并非是唯一的锻炼方式，同学们要结合实际情况，开展形式多样的体育活动，关键在于运动。
人教版高中政治必修4第二课百舸争流的思想教案
不可知论是否认人们认识世界或彻底改造世界的可能性的哲学学说。此概念首先由英国的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出，不可知论的思想在古代就已产生，欧洲近代的主要代表是休谟和康德。其本质是把人的感觉看作是主观和客观之间的屏障而不是桥梁，不承认在感觉之外有确实可靠的客观外部世界的存在，不懂得认识过程中本质与现象、有限与无限的辩证关系。对不可知论最有力的驳斥是实践。有时不可知论一词也用以专指针对宗教教义而提出的一种学说，认为上帝是否存在、灵魂是否不朽是不可知的。2．二元论二元论是认为世界有两个本原的哲学学说，与一元论相对立，它把物质和意识绝对对立起来，认为物质和意识是两个各自独立、相互平行发展着的实体，谁也不产生谁，谁也不决定谁，都是世界的本原。它的观点是错误的：它肯定精神不依赖于物质而独立存在，这本身就是唯心主义的观点；它虽然承认物质是独立的本原，但在说明物质和精神的关系时，又把精神说成是唯一具有能动性的力量，必然倒向唯心主义。主要代表人物是法国的笛卡儿和德国的康德。
人教版高中政治必修4第二课百舸争流的思想精品教案
7、人总是按照自己对周围世界和人生的理解做事。有人认为命由天定，因而身处困境只是消极等待、逆来顺受；有人认为人定胜天，因而在困难面前积极奋争、不屈不挠。以上材料说明（ ）A哲学源于人们对实践的追问和对世界的思考B世界观决定方法论，方法论体现着世界观C哲学不等于自发的世界观D哲学是关于世界观的学说8、世界观和方法论的关系是（）A世界观和方法论相互决定B方法论决定世界观，世界观体现方法论 C世界观决定方法论，方法论体现世界观 D世界观和方法论相互影响，相互决定9、下列关于哲学、世界观、具体知识之间联系的正确说法是（）A哲学是关于世界观和具体知识的统一B哲学就是科学的世界观和具体知识C哲学是关于世界观的学说，是具体知识的概括和总结D哲学决定世界观，世界观决定具体知识10、下列对哲学的认识，不正确的是（）A哲学是关于世界观的学说B哲学是世界观和方法论的统一C哲学是理论化、系统化、科学化的世界观D哲学是对具体知识的概括和总结
人教版新课标高中地理必修2第一章第二节人口的空间变化教案
1．促使美国成为一个移民国家的因素是：①美洲属于未开发的新大陆，需要大量的劳动力；②欧洲失业工人和破产农民增加，人们为了追求更好的经济待遇迁往美洲；③新航线的开辟为人们顺利迁移扫除了障碍；④殖民扩张是人口迁移的促进因素，加快了人口迁移的过程。导致美国人口在本土范围内频繁迁移的原因，归纳起来有：第一次人口迁移是战争因素，第二次是城市化；第三次是自然环境、经济环境的变化；第四次是经济格局的变化，即西部和南部新资源的发现和新兴工业的发展。2．我国古代的人口迁移，深受统治者及其行政力量的束缚。封建帝王为了加强本国的经济和军事实力，对人口迁移严加控制。只有当战乱发生的时候，这种控制才得到削弱，人们为了躲避战乱，寻找安定的生活环境，不得不进行大规模的迁移。我国近几十年的人口迁移主要是由生产资料和劳动力数量上的地区分布不平衡造成的，是经济因素在起主导作用，与古代的人口迁移截然不同。
