
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.

Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.

知识和技能 1、理解自然地理环境整体性的基本内涵。2、了解自然地理环境整体性的表现3、使学生树立普遍联系的观点,再利用和改造自然中要充分考虑各地理要素的关系,避免“牵一发而动全身”。过程与方法 1、自主学习,分析 讨论法。2、探究与活动, 理解地理环境的整体性。3、利用景观 图片分析地理环境的整体性。情感、态度与价值观帮助学生树立事物是普遍联系的思想 ,在利用自然中要做到统筹考虑。教学 重点1、地理环境整体性的原因。2、地理要素间相互作用产生新功能。3、自然地理环境的演化过程具有统一性。4、自然地理环境要素会“牵一发而动全身”。教学 难点地理要素间相互作用产生新功能;自然地理环境具有同一演化过 程。教具、资料多媒体课件、景观图片课时安排

一、知识和技能1.了解锋面系统、低压系统、高压系统的特点2.理解气旋与反气旋的形成过程、气流运动特点,掌握气旋、反气旋气流运动的规律性3.使学生掌握气旋和反气旋控制下的天气状况二、过程和方法1.掌握各天气系统活动规律和处在不同天气系统及其不同部位的天气特点,利用天气图进行天气形势分析预报2.能够说明这些天气系统是如何对所到达地区的天气产生影响的,能够结合当地情况分析学校所在地曾经发生的灾害性天气及其影响下的天气系统3.通过研究气旋和反气旋的形成过程,使学生初步具备研究问题的方法与步骤4.通过对冷锋与暖锋天气系统的对比分析来实现学生地理综合分析能力的提高。通过对锋面气旋的分析来建立地理空间思维的习惯三、情感、态度、价值观1.通过本节课学习,让学生懂得学科学、爱科学,献身气象事业,为“四化”建设服务

浅层地下水是贮存于地表松散堆积物中的潜水。主要受降水、气温、蒸发等气象因素影响,有明显的季节变化与日变化,并与河水有相应补给关系,即河水高于潜水面时,河水补给地下水,反之地下水补给河流;深层地下水是长时间内渗入地下深入储存起来的,它缓慢地流出补给河流,受气象因素影响很小,通常只有年变化,季节变化已不明显。当然,一条河流的河水补给来源往往不是单一的,而是以某一种形式为主的混合补给形式,对流域自然条件复杂的大的河流来说尤其如此。我国长江上游地区除雨水、地下水外,高原高山上冰川、积雪在夏季融化也补给河流;东北地区的河流,由春季融化积雪补给,夏季则由雨水和地下水补给;西北内陆盆地除雨水外,夏季高山冰川、积雪融化成为河流的主要补给形式。我国季风地区,大部分河流以雨水补给为主,而冬季则由地下水补给。

一、明确课标要求1.了解褶皱的概念和褶皱的基本形态;2.了解褶皱山的形成和褶皱山的基本形态特征;3.能够在不同的示意图中识别和判读背斜与向斜;4.知道和理解断层的概念和断块山的形成,了解断块山的基本形态特征;5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。二、教学目标知识目标:1.结合具体图像,了解褶皱山的形成及基本形态特征。2.能在示意图上识别和判断背斜和向斜。3.理解内外力共同作用下形成的“背斜成谷,向斜成山”,并能够明白其形成的原因。4.能够结合实例,理解断块山的形成及基本特征。5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。过程与方法目标:1.结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的内力、外力因素。2.通过案例,尝试联系实际,培养动手演示、判读图像、比较、分析、归纳的能力。

1.流水堆积地貌由于河床坡度降低,导致流速减小 ,或者其他原因,引起河流搬运能力降低,促使沉积发生,形成堆积地貌。常见的河流堆积地貌主要有以下几种:(1)冲积扇平原冲积扇是河流出山口处的扇形堆积体。河流出 山口后,比降显著减小,水流又分成许多交汉,成扇状向外流动,河流能量显著降低,大量物质堆积下来,又有利于河流改道。随着各支汊的不断堆积和变迁,就形成冲积扇。冲积扇的物质结构,一般是顶部物质较粗,主要为沙、砾 ,随着水流搬运能力向边缘减弱,堆积的物质逐渐变细,边缘一般多为沙、粉沙及亚粘土,分选性较好,所以冲积扇是较好的含水层,边缘常有泉水出 露,可发展自流灌 溉。若山地河谷随山地间歇抬升,也可形成叠置冲积扇。(2)河漫滩平原河漫滩平原发源于河流中下游。在河流中下游地区,河流下蚀作用减弱,侧蚀作用加强,河流往往凹岸侵蚀,在凸岸堆积形成水下堆积体。堆积体 的面积逐渐扩大,在枯水季节露出水面,形成河漫滩(见下图)。

一、知识和技能1.使学生能够正确认识太阳的基本特征及其外部结构;2.了解太阳能量的来源,理解太阳是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太阳活动(主要是黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响。二、过程和方法1.能通过展示的图片理解太阳活动增强时会使地球无线电短波通讯受干扰及产生磁暴现象的原因。2.通过对各种资料的观察以及课前室外的观测,培养学生获取地理信息的能力和分析、判断、推理等逻辑思维能力三、情感、态度、价值观培养学生树立正确的人地观、科学的宇宙观,和热爱科学勇于探索的精神【教学重点】1.知道太阳辐射对地球的影响; 2.知道太阳活动对地球的影响;3.太阳的外部结构和能量来源【教学难点】太阳活动(黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响

一、知识和技能1.使学生了解地球的圈层构造,初步掌握地球内部圈层的组成和划分依据2.使学生了解各内部圈层的界限、厚度、物理性状等。二、过程和方法1.使学生了解研究地球内部构造的方法,从而认识人类对未知事物所进行的探索实践,激发同学们学科学、爱科学的兴趣及责任感。2.了解地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,从宏观上认识全球的整体面貌,形成地球系统观念。3.通过归纳、总结、对比地球内部各层的特点,对学生进行综合归纳等思维能力的培养和训练。三、情感、态度、价值观通过学习对学生进行热爱自然、热爱科学的教育,鼓励学生献身于科学教育事业。【教学重点】1.地震波的波速及传播特点,区别横波与纵波。2.地球内部圈层划分实况及各层主要特点,特别是地壳的特点。3.岩石圈概念,软流层知识。

【导入新课】一位在青藏高原上跋涉的旅行者,途中休息时从路边岩层中随手拿起一块小石 头玩赏时受小石子的纹路的吸引,他不禁仔细观瞧,吃惊地发现这竟是一个古代海洋生物化石!近年来,人们在台湾海 峡海底某些地方发现有古代森林的遗迹。这些发现告诉我们什么? 【学生讨论回答】略。 【教师总结概括】地壳和宇宙间一切物质一样,处在不停的运动变化之中。那么地表千姿百态的形态是如何营造的呢?这就是我们这节课要解决的课题【板书】第四章:地表形态的塑造 第一节:营造地表形态的力量【提问】哪位同学能够例举营造地表形态的力量改变地表面貌的实例? (学生讨论、回答问题。教师在副板书上一一记录。) 【过渡】营造地表形态的力量具体划分有很多种,但归纳起来看可以划分为两种,即内力作用和外力作用,首先我们来看一下内力作用.【板书】一、内力作用 【指导读书】请大家阅读教材P74第一段和案例1,思考:

1.生产功能:合成有机物的能力2.平衡功能:使自然地理要素的性质保持稳定的能力【教师讲解】生产功能主要依赖于光合作用。在光合作用过程中,植物提供叶绿素,大气提供热量和二氧化碳,土壤及水圈、岩石圈提供水分及无机盐。光合作用通过物质和能量的交换,将生物、大气、水、土壤、岩石等地理要素统一在一起,在一定的条件下,生产出有机物。由此可见,生产功能是自然环境的整体功能而非单个地理要素的功能。大气本身不具有减缓二氧化碳增加的功能,但是,在自然地理环境中,通过各地理要素的相互作用,却能消除部分新增的二氧化碳的能力,既为自然地理环境的平衡功能。请大家阅读教材P94活动,利用平衡功能的原理,解释一定范围内各物种的数量基本恒定这一现象。【学生讨论回答】略。(可参考教参)【转折】自然地理环境各要素每时每刻都在演化,如我们熟知的气候变化、地貌变化等。各个要素的发展演化是统一的,一个要素的演化伴随着其他各个要素的演化。

【教学设计】一、教学目的:1、引导学生关注生活,向生活学习语言。2、了解新词新语,能正确评价和运用新词新语。二、教学重难点:1、重点:认识并评价新词新语。2、难点:如何评价新词新语三、教学用时:一课时四、教学过程预设(一)导入新课以前如果有人说我可爱,我会很高兴:我还是有优点的哦。现在如果有人说我可爱,我就会心里嘀咕了:这是什么意思呀?同学们知道这有什么意思吗?(可爱=可怜没人爱)如果大家留心就会发现,类似这样的词语很多,在网上是特别流行,很新颖、独特,谁来列举几个?(点评学生所列举出的词语)网络上有新词新语,其它媒体(如报刊、电视等)都有新词新语。关于新词新语的概念,一般认为,新近创造出来的词语,或是旧词新用,这样的词语就叫新词新语。

1.悬念法悬念法又称关子。它是作者为了激发那种“紧张与期待的心理活动”,在行文中有意采取的一种积极而有效的手段。这种手段包括“设悬”和“解悬”两方面。所谓 “设悬”就是设置悬念,即在情节发生发展的关键时刻或人物命运攸关的重要关头,叙述戛然而止,转叙他事。从而引起读者强烈的寻根问底的兴趣。所谓“解悬” 也叫“释悬”,就是指在情节发展的特定阶段,通过矛盾的解决,揭示事情原委和人物命运的结局,使读者的期待心理得以满足。如《驿路梨花》,当人们正为露宿而发愁时出现了一间神秘的小屋,小屋的主人是谁呢?猜想间,有人来了,但也不是屋子主人,那小屋子的主人是谁呢?终于知道了小屋是解放军盖的,但为什么要盖这间小屋呢?这样“设悬——释悬——带出新悬念”,环环相扣、层层递进,使文章韵味无穷。

天上有明月,年年照相思。她夜夜沉醉在梦中。梦把空间缩短了,梦把时间凝固了,梦把世界净化了。梦中没有污秽,没有嘈杂,没有邪恶;梦中没有分离,没有创伤,没有痛苦;梦中只有柔和的月色,只有温馨的爱;梦使她永远年轻,使她不原醒来。…………啊,那个世界,是为天下最真最善最美的心灵准备的,艺术家怀着虔诚的情感,用充满魔力的琴弦,在人们的心中筑起了一座不朽的天堂,它像天地一样长久,日月一样永恒!新月微微地闭着眼睛,她清清楚楚地看到了那座天堂,真真切切地触到了那座天堂,冰凌砌成墙壁,白云铺成房顶,雾霭织成纱幔,星星串成明灯;在那里,她的头发像沐浴之后那样清爽柔软,随风飘拂,她的肌肤像披着月光那样清凉润滑,她的那颗心啊,像浸润着蒙蒙细雨的花蕾,挂着晶莹的露珠,自由地呼吸……她沉醉在那个一尘不染的美好的境界,如歌如诗,如梦如幻,如云如月,如水如烟……

对于教材最后一段内容,设计如下一个课堂研讨题。让学生课前查找有关资料,在主动获取知识的过程中,对比17、18世纪中国和欧洲的历史,了解为什么会出现不同的发展趋势?【课堂研讨】17、18世纪中国和欧洲的封建国家都进行了加强君主专制的改革措施。如东方有康熙大帝,西方有路易“太阳王”,他们都使中、法两国进入到封建的鼎盛时代。但改革却在中国和欧洲产生了不同影响。这是为什么?通过网络或有关论著,查找有关资料让学生发表自己的观点和看法。启示:17、18世纪的中国在政治上空前强化君主专制,在经济上重农抑商,在外交上闭关锁国,影响了中国资本主义萌芽的正常发展;文化上文字狱,禁锢了文化。17、18世纪的欧洲在政治上加强君主专制来反对罗马教廷的控制,却实行君主开明专制;在经济上实行重商主义;在外交上鼓励对外扩张,促进了资本主义在欧洲的发展;文化上,启蒙思想蓬勃发展。

一、 教学目标 (一)知识与能力通过了解多极化趋势和对世界的影响、欧盟的形成和扩展、日本成为经济大国的过程和原因、中国和第三世界的崛起等基本史实,培养学生综合探究和归纳知识的能力(二)过程与方法以合作学习的“创设情境—目标显示—自学尝试—合作学习—成果汇报—总结评价”模式为主线,以学生自主探究活动为主体,以教师点拨为主导,以培养学生学习的兴趣和能力为中心,来优化课堂教学。教师创设重大国际事件的情境,让学生亲自探索各个主要国家对朝鲜战争和伊拉克战争立场和态度的决策,培养学生解读历史信息能力,并能够根据自身的实际情况和外部环境,正确应对重大事件。 (三)情感态度与价值观提高学生对二战后美苏两极以外的各种政治经济力量增长的认识,初步理解世界多极化趋势的形成及影响,树立世界走向多极化是不可阻挡的历史潮流的价值判断标准。

Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.

【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教学过程】Step1: 语法自主探究一、基本组成方法1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你经常打羽毛球,是吗?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是吗?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去过上海,是吗?2.否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花,是吗?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰,是吗?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他们不能在星期五之前完成,是吗?

The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.

The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
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