Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的状语)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的状语)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的状语)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定语)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定语)Summary:1. 不定式的结构:to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我们知道在描述太空探索时,动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的,还可以用来作定语,表修饰。
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
今天是XX年12月9日,78年前的今天,也就是1935年12月9日,在中共《八一宣言》的感召下,北平的青年学生在中共北平临时工委的领导下,发动了轰轰烈烈的“一二九”爱国学生运动,发出了“停止内战,一致抗外”的呐喊,那声声呐喊让每一个国人充满了斗志,让每一个中国人为之自豪,让每一个渴望和平的人看到了希望。如果说,中国古代的历史宛如锦绣织成,那么它近代的岁月则是被血浸透。鸦片战争后,曾经一度领先世界几千年的中国,被抛到时代大潮之末,屡遭船坚炮利的西方列强的欺凌,腐朽无能的旧政权使我们的列祖列宗也为中华民族的受苦受难而太息,“泪添九曲黄河溢,恨压三山六岳低”,用这句话来形容中国人的百年屈辱百年长恨意犹未足。自一二九运动后,中国已经走过了许多峥嵘的岁月,已搏击过云海中的波涛,但还在高飞,还在向更壮丽的境界飞翔。过去几十年来,中日关系一边发展,一边不断爆发矛盾和冲突。面对矛盾和冲突,中国始终坚持“搁置争议,共同开发”的原则,也正因为如此,在东亚安全、环保、日本的联合国地位等诸多问题上,中国始终坚持不与日本主动起摩擦。但在过去的几十年中,中国的善意并没有被日本准确理解,相反,日本前首相小泉,去参拜靖国神社;日本在钓鱼岛归属问题上咄咄逼人,企图将钓鱼岛国有化;并一直在干扰中国的航空识别圈问题。这是对历史的无视,这是对历史的扭曲!
同学们、老师们:大家早上好!时间过得很快,开学仿佛还是昨天,转眼间我们就要面临期末考试了。本周四、周五,我们将迎来本学期的期末考试。期末考试是对我们前一阶段学习的全面检测,我们可以通过考试,对自己的学习情况有一个理性的认识,从考试结果的反馈及时获得矫正信息,以便调整自己以后的学习;另外对于老师来说,可以更好的了解同学们掌握知识的总体情况,为以后改进教学方法、调整教学措施提供全面客观的依据。期末考试是一次重要的考试,这对任何一位同学都是相同的。对于初一年级的同学来说,这次考试,是初中阶段的第一次大型测试,将在很大程度上奠定每一位同学初中三年学习的基调。不仅如此,这一次测试,还可以检测同学们对于不同于小学的初中学习方法的适应程度,并对自己的学习方法作一些改善。对于初二年级的同学来说,这次考试,是一种跨越。初二,是初中三年的学习中承上启下的一年。而从学习的知识上来说,又加深了一个层次。这次测试,从总的来看,又是在初中学习中踏下坚实的一步。对于初三年级的同学来说,这次考试,是一种演习。作为三年中最为紧张的一年,初三的同学们已经没有时间懈怠。这次期末考试,将是初三同学的又一次中考的预演,初三同学所需要做的,就只有拼搏。可见考试的意义之大,因此我们一定要认真复习,以强烈的进取心迎接这次考试。
各位同学大家早上好:从这个星期开始,初一初二年级就要迎来本学期期中考试了,初三同学也即将迎来一模。不知道大家这个周末过得如何?是仍然在努力刷题?还是在大考大玩呢?有人算过一笔账,一个学生从小学、初中到高中,粗略估算,类似期末考试、期中考试、月考、模拟考等大的考试差不多要经历100场。考试考的是大家学习能力、应对压力能力、合理安排时间能力等综合能力。今天,对即将到来的考试,我想提几点要求和建议:一、认真复习,积极备考希望大家复习时要弄清各科重点、难点及各知识点易出错的原因,做到复习有针对性。要学会在原有知识的基础上,进行归类整理,理清每一个单元的重点是什么,形成知识网络体系。复习阶段,更需要合理安排时间,科学做题,可以多看看错题集,将不懂的题目弄懂,切忌盲目题海战,做一份题目要有一份题目的收获。当然,要取得好成绩,光靠考前复习是不够的,许多成绩优异的同学都告诉我,他们取得好成绩的关键是两点:一是上课认真听讲,把不懂的都弄懂。二是做好自己的时间管理,进入初中后,随着学业负担加重,学习真正拼的不是智商,而是时间管理,所以科学的安排好自己的学习时间也非常重要。这两点,说说都非常简单,但是要坚持却不容易。但是,好的成绩的取得,一定来自于日常的付出和坚持。
老师、同学们: 大家早上好!在这鸟语花香的美好季节,转眼开学已经将近两个月了,我们即将迎来期中考试。对老师们而言,是要通过考试,了解学生掌握知识的情况,从而不断改进教学方法,调整教学措施,制定和实施更加有效的教学策略。对同学们而言,是要通过考试,对自身学习情况有一个理性的认识,促使自己巩固所学知识、技能,调整自己今后的学习。因此,每一位老师,每一个同学都必须以认真、严肃的态度对待本次期中考试。 人的记忆遗忘规律告诉我们,遗忘是人的必然,世上从来就没有过目不忘的人,因此每个学生要重视考前的复习。孔子说:“温故而知新”,就是告诉我们学习要重视复习,一个成绩优秀的学生一定是肯吃苦,肯钻研,认真复习并掌握比较科学的学习方法的人。所以希望每一位同学能够在老师的指导下,把所学的知识认真整理、归类,并全面系统地进行复习,争取做到熟能生巧,融会贯通。 考试时要沉着冷静,要对自己充满信心。同时,在重视考试的同时,要科学的对待考试。要认真分析试题,仔细推敲。俗话说:“人易我易我不大意,我难人难我不畏难。”面对各类试题,既不可忘乎所以,也不必惊慌失措,要细心审题,冷静思考,认真答题。有些同学不能取得理想的成绩,往往是因为粗心大意,把会做的题随手做错了,难的题目又攻克不了。
尊敬的各位老师,亲爱的同学和家长们:时光浅浅,冬日漫漫,附中师生,好久不见,你们还好吗?这段时间大家辛苦了!反反复复的疫情,致使居家网课成了学习的常态,它对你的学习和生活有影响吗?说没有,绝对是假的。离开了学习的专供场所——校园,离开了窗明几净的教室,离开了朝夕陪伴的老师,离开了团结友好又卷的厉害的同伴,在家学习,说实在的,缺少了一种氛围。人们常把一个陌生的温馨的环境比喻成家,家,就是一个港湾,是一个身体和灵魂的栖息地,可是疫情硬是让我们把家变成了学校,把客厅,卧室变成了教室。没有了教室课堂的约束,没有了老师目光的紧盯和交流,你的坐姿是否端正?一节课你是否一直全神贯注?有没有边听边吃边喝的时候?有没有起床后重返被窝的现象?和同学聊过天没?作业每次都实实在在独立完成吗?一天下来除了利用手机电脑学习,刷过抖音没?听过歌曲没?玩过游戏没?但愿这些都是我们无端的猜想和假设,是我们在杞人忧天,老师们很不放心啊!一直担忧线上学习的效率和效果。
(一)谈话激趣,导入新课好的开头是成功的一半,注重导入情节的创设,是兴趣激发的一个重点,也是创设学习氛围的重要环节。因此在导入新课时,我会用富有感染力的话语吸引学生,激发学生的学习兴趣。具体设计:同学们,在我们的地球上生活着大量的动物,走进它们,我们会发现世界是那么的多姿多彩,富有情趣。在这一点上,法国的法布尔做得很好,与他一样负有盛名的是奥地利的动物学家康拉德?劳伦兹,他曾经获得诺贝尔生理医学奖,今天就让我们走进他的《动物笑谈》,去看看他和动物之间有趣的故事吧!(二)初读课文,整体感知学生在预习的基础上将重点字音及成语解释在书上进行勾画和补充,进一步熟悉课文,并概括文章的主要内容。1.关于作者康拉德?劳伦兹(1903 -1989+,奥地利动物行为学家,1973年由于对动物行为学研究方面开拓性的成就而获诺贝尔生理医学奖,除了在学术上的成就之外,劳伦兹最为人所称道的是他在动物行为方面的通俗写作,著有《所罗门王的指环》《攻击的秘密》《雁语者》《狗的家世》等。
师:在科学发展过程中,前一个理论体系的不完善之处,往往是新的研究和新的发现的突破口。开普勒之后,意大利天文学家伽利略创制了天文望远镜,用更加精确的观察继续发展和验证哥白尼创立的新天文学理论。除了用望远镜进行天文观察以外,伽利略还开始进行自然科学的实验研究,哪位同学能给大家讲一讲伽利略在比萨斜塔上所作的关于物体自由下落的实验?生:(讲述这一实验)师:所以,伽利略在科学方面更加重要的贡献是奠定了近代实验科学的基础。(2)实验科学和唯物主义师:伽利略从实践上开辟了实验科学的方法,而英国唯物主义哲学家培根则从理论上阐述了实验科学的方法——归纳法。培根和伽利略同被称为实验科学之父,培根还有一句影响深刻的名言:“知识就是力量”,表明了他注重知识,尊崇科学的精神。我们再来概括一下意大利哲学家布鲁诺的唯物主义思想,是否有同学可以简述布鲁诺的生平事迹?
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