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人教版新课标PEP小学英语三年级上册We love animals教案
（1）游戏：向它那儿跑去（Run to it！）首先，用图片和词卡练习本课的6个新单词。学生边读老师边把卡片贴在黑板上。将全班分成两队。给学生下一个Run to the bird．这样的指令。每队的第一个学生向带有鸟的图卡和词卡的地方跑，并且用手摸一下这两张卡片。哪组学生先摸到卡片就给他们队得一分。教师也可以用本课刚学的指令：Walk to….Jump to ….Fly to….等指令学生用相同的动作走（跳，飞）到卡片前。（2）教师将Let’s do的图片打乱顺序，让学生听指令，选出正确的图片。（3）游戏：照我说的做（Do as I say）教师发指令，全班同学起立做动作。做错的同学随时坐下。最后，哪组站着的同学多，哪组获胜。教师参考指令： Climb like a monkey／bear．Jump like a squirrel／rabbit．Walk like an elephant／duck．Hunt like a mouse／pig．Act like a cat／dog．Fly like a bird．为了增加游戏的难度和趣味性，教师可逐渐加快指令的速度。4．课堂评价（Assessment）做活动手册本单元第5部分的练习。方法和步骤参考第一单元。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级上册My New Room教案
Let’s learn(1)教师在黑板上简单画一个房间，画上床、书架等家具。然后说：Look! This is my new room. I have a bed and a shelf. What else do I have? 教师在床头的位置画一面镜子，说：I also have a mirror. 然后拿出一面镜子，示范朗读mirror, 学生跟读。教师分别问几个学生：Do you have a mirror in your bedroom?如果学生的回答是肯定的，教师则有意再次重复一下“mirror”一词，说：Oh, you have a mirror.如果学生的回答是否定的，教师可以说：Oh, sorry. You don’t have a mirror. 导出其他单词，示范朗读，注意发音及口型。(2)做“冷暖”游戏。(3)教师在黑板上示范书写单词：mirror, curtain, closet, end table, trash bin,让学生在词卡反面或练习本上拼写、记忆单词。(4)播放本课录音，让学生在书上手指相应单词并跟读。巩固延伸：做句型接龙游戏；做“找同伴”活动；学唱歌曲；完成配套练习；练习书写单词第二课时教学设计教学目标与要求：１、 能够听懂、会说本课对话，并能做替换练习。２、 能够听、说、认读句型There is a ……/There are …并能在情景中正确运用。３、 了解Good to know内容。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级上册My New Teachers教案
教师播放Let’s learn课件，提问：Guess, what does Wu Yifan do on Saturdays? 请3-4人回答后。用同样方法完成watch TV, read books，请学生听并且跟读。继续看课件，播放两个男孩的对话，请学生听并跟读，注意语音、语调。 在句子中练习单词，培养学生的表达能力。对话练习听录音中的对话 1-2遍，请同学说一说对话的内容。可选择自己喜欢的角色进行人机对话。分组练习，向你的朋友询问。培养学生的模仿力，并能在恰当情境中灵活运用所学句型。Let’s chant B出示B部分的歌谣，请学生小声试读，可以读出不同的节奏。播放歌谣，请学生仔细倾听2-3遍，说到相对应的地方，教师带领学生指一指画画、看电视、读书、玩电脑游戏这四种情景，帮助学生理解歌谣。请学生反复跟读。分角色演唱，可拍手掌握节奏。 看一看、说一说帮助学生巩固本课句型。转盘游戏教师拿出课前制作好的大转盘，上面有do homework, watch TV, read books这三幅图画。请一名学生拨动转盘，转盘快速转动，停止时看指针指向哪一幅图，该生提问What do you do on Sundays?其余同学回答，先回答出的同学可拨动转盘，游戏继续。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级上册Recycle1教案
巩固延伸尝试与他人进行书信交流第三课时教学设计教学目的与要求：１、 能够使用所学四会句子完成Task time中的采访任务。２、 能够理解Let’s play中的问题并做出正确回答。３、 能够听懂、会唱歌曲“My Favourite Day”。教学重、难点：重点、难点为复习并使用四会句子完成Task time中的采访任务，并展示个人报道。课前准备：教学挂图、录音带、录音机、简历表教学过程：１、 热身（１） 放第二单元歌曲，学生跟唱，复习有关一周七天的单词。（２） 日常口语练习。２、 预习：放录音，欣赏歌曲。３、 新授Task time（１） 就歌曲内容向学生提问：Do you like weekends? What’s your favourite day? 引导学生回答：My favourite day is Saturday/Sunday. 并请学生说明理由，表述周末活动。出示采访表，回答问题。（２） 让学生参照学生用书的采访表进行小组交流，并在最短的时间内填充表格，然后每组派代表做汇报。Let’s play看图片，指导学生先读懂句子，再回答问题。Let’s sing学生理解并学唱本单元歌曲“My Favourite Day”.巩固延伸：采访教师；画画猜人
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级上册Recycle2教案
教学目标与要求：１、 通过活动和复习句型，介绍及动作短语等。２、 学唱歌曲。教学重、难点：重点为复习巩固介词及存在句型。难点为正确区分内容相近的图片。课前准备：词卡、录音机、录音带、图片教学过程：１、 热身（１） 放歌曲录音，学生跟唱。（２） 师生进行日常会话。２、 预习做“按我说的做”游戏。３、 新授（１） 看图片，问：Where is the …? Ss: It’s in /on/over…（２） 做“猜一猜”游戏。（３） 两人一组完成Pair work,连一连，说一说。（４） 听录音，完成练习。录音原文如下：There are mountains behind her village. There is a river near her house. There is a new air-conditioner in her bedroom. She cleans her bedroom every day.There is a lake near his village. There are many trees in front of his house. There is a big trash bin in his kitchen. He can cook tasty meals.There is a forest near his village. There is a road beside his house. There is a man under a tree. He often waters the flowers.There are many Paths in her village. There are new curtains on the window of her house. There are many new skirts in her closet. She washes the clothes every weekend.巩固延伸：做“幸运摸奖”游戏
人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级上册Recycle1教案
1．热身(warm-up) (1)全班齐唱歌曲“How call I Get to the Zoo?’’ (2)师生一起吟唱第一单元的歌谣，要求学生一边吟唱，一边用手打节拍。 2．预习(Preview) 教师对学生有关My Dream Vacation的短文做出总体评价，并请几名写得有创意的学生朗读他们的短文，教师针对其内容提问，如：“Where are you going? What are you going to do? How are you going to there等。教师根据课前的准备，在最后一名学生朗读完文章并回答了问题以后，简化并板书该学生的回答，将其改编成为一首小歌谣，如： Where are you going? What are you going to do? I’m going to the ZOO to see the monkeys． I’m going by bike．I’m going On foot． I live near the ZOO．So I won’t take a train． 教师拍节拍示范朗读自己改写的新歌谣，学生模仿吟唱新歌谣。 3．新课呈现(Presentation) Let’s chant 在以上活动的基础上，教师放Let’s chant部分的录音，学生静听并试着跟读，再看着文字吟唱。师生可进行问答式吟唱，并在小组间展开比赛。 Listen and match
人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级上册Recycle2教案
2．预习(Preview) 看字母，说职业 教师出示职业名称单词的首字母，让学生说出整个单词。如：w-writer；d-driver／doctor，a-accountant/actor/actress；T-TV reporter等o 3．新课呈现(Presentation) (1)从看字母说职业名称引出TV reporter，教师拿出一些名人照片说：“Now you’re a TV reporter．You’re going to interview a famous person．You don’t know who he／she is ．But you know he／she is someone in the pictures．”给学生五次提问的机会，让他们根据教师的回答找出正确的人物。以下问题供参考： What does he／she do? What’s h is hobby ? Is he strong／thin／tall? Where does he／she live? (2)心有灵犀 请两名学生(sl和s2)上来，每人拿着纸和笔分别站在教室的两边。教师提问：“What does s1’s father do?”站在台上的两名学生分别把答案写在各自的纸上。如果两人的答案完全相同，两人就算获胜。教师继续问问题“What does …’s…do?”全体学生一起写出答案，谁写的答案正确就可以得一分。 Listen and match (1)教师说：“Do you want to know more about Liu Yun?’’学生回答后教师说：“Please listen and find out．’’教师放本部分录音，学生认真听。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计二
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作定语和表语的功能和意义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否在理解文段内容的基础上，根据上下文语境和表达逻辑，能正确运用动词-ing形式描述节日庆典。3、通过本节内容学习，学生是否归纳和积累用于表达情绪的相关词汇。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计二
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法；能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题，进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations教学设计三
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.）Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点快速而准确地找到主题句；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否理清论说文的语篇结构和文本逻辑，了解节日风俗发展与变迁，感悟节日的内涵与意义。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues教学设计三
The joke set her crying.这个玩笑使她哭起来。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作宾语补足语语和状语语的功能和意义；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否正确使用动词-ing形式描述人物的行为、动作及其经历；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计三
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.价格与战前相同。(4)定语从句中的“关系代词＋助动词be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握省略的用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否根据上下文语境或情景恢复句子中省略的成分，体会使用省略的效果；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计二
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习，学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法；2、通过本节内容学习，学生能否结合文本特点了解文章的结构和作者的写作逻辑；3、通过本节内容学习，学生能否了解旧金山的城市风貌、文化特色，以及加利福尼亚州的历史，体会多元文化对美国的影响。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structures导学案
【点津】 1.不定式的复合结构作目的状语 ,当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构?即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for ＋名词或宾格代词?作状语。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他开门让孩子们进来。目的状语从句与不定式的转换 英语中的目的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况： 1?当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 4 Reading and thinking教学设计
【词汇精讲】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.这次旅行的亮点之一是参观泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的简历应该突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.报告强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黄色标出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙顿冬季寒冷,日平均气温为-10°C。【词汇精讲】freezing adj.极冷的;冰冻的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰冻的天气里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一个暖和一点的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9时30分,他们才终于到达多伦多的首府安大略省。【句式剖析】本句是一个强调句,强调的是句子的时间状语until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的强调句为It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 3 Learning about Language教学设计
1. We'll need ten months at least to have the restaurant decorated.2.Some traditional Chinese dishes from before the Ming Dynasty are still popular today.3.My grandpa's breakfast mainly includes whole grain biscuits and a glass of milk.4.People in this area would eat nearly a kilo of cheese per week.5. We enjoyed a special dinner in a fancy restaurant where the waiters all wore attractive suits.6. He prefers this brand of coffee which, as he said, has an unusually good flavor.Key:1. at a minimum 2. prior to3. consist of4. consume5. elegant6. exceptionalStep 5：Familiarize yourself with some food idioms by matching the meaning on the right with the colored words on the left.1.Public concern for the health of farm animals has mushroomed in the UK2.Anderson may be young but he's certainly rolling to doing dough!3.George is a popular lecturer. He often peppers his speech with jokes.4.As the person to bring home the bacon, he needs to find a stable job.5 He is often regarded as a ham actor for his over emphasized facial expressions. The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato. 6.The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato.7.Don't worry about the test tomorrow. It's going to be a piece of cake!8. It's best to fold the swimming ring when it is as flat as a pancake.A. completely flatB. something that is very easy to do C.an issue that is hard to deal withD.to include large numbers of somethingE.to earn on e's living to support a familyF. wealthyG.to rapidly increase in numberH. an actor who performs badly, especially by over emphasizing emotions
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 2 Learning about Language教学设计
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 5 Reading for writing教学设计
你校英语报计划出版一期急救常识专刊,现面向全校学生公开征集稿件,你有意参加。请你根据下面提示内容,用英语写一篇短文,介绍在车祸现场对伤者进行急救的方法和步骤。1.确保现场的安全;2.询问伤者,确保其呼吸正常;3.检查伤口,如流血则应采取止血措施;4.如需急救,确保其处于康复位置。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。参考词汇:康复位置 recovery positionAs we all know, having a knowledge of first aid can make a great difference in our daily life. If a traffic accident happens and someone is injured, the following steps can be used to treat the injured.In the first place, we should make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt. We should ask the injured person if he is OK, and see if he is breathing. What’s more, we should check for cuts and wounds. If he is bleeding badly, it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury. This is because if a person loses too much blood, he may die. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.Do remember: when giving first aid, please be sure to place the person in a recovery position.
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 2 Reading and thinking教学设计
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______（read） lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________（build） a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 3 Reading for writing教学设计
The theme of this part is to write an article about healthy diet. Through reading and writing activities, students can accumulate knowledge about healthy diet, deepen their understanding of the theme of healthy diet, and reflect on their own eating habits. This text describes the basic principles of healthy diet. The author uses data analysis, definition, comparison, examples and other methods. It also provides a demonstration of the use of conjunctions, which provides important information reference for students to complete the next collaborative task, writing skills, vivid language materials and expressions.1. Teach Ss to learn and skillfully use the new words learned from the text.2. Develop students’ ability to understand, extract and summarize information.3. Guide students to understand the theme of healthy diet and reflect on their own eating habits.4. To guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc., 5. Enable Ss to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.1. Guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc.2. Enable them to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.3. Guide the students to use the cohesive words correctly, strengthen the textual cohesion, and make the expression fluent and the thinking clear.Step1: Warming upbrainstorm some healthy eating habits.1.Eat slowly.2.Don’t eat too much fat or sugar.3.Eat healthy food.4.Have a balanced diet.Step2: Read the passage and then sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
