3、 教学例6仿照例5 的解题过程,用比例的知识来解答例6.练习后,让学生说一说自己是怎样想的。检查解答过程,弄清为什么列成积相等的等式解答。4、 小结应用比例知识解题,先要判断两种相关联的量成什么比例关系,(板书:判断比例关系)再找出相关联量的对应数值,(板书:找出对应数值)再根据正(反)比例的意义列出等式解答。(板书:列出等式解答)追问:你认为解题的关键是什么?(正确判断成什么比例)怎样来列出等式?(正比例比值相等,反比例乘积相等)(三)练习提高1、基础练习2、判断说理不解答由学生打手势表示,增添了教学的趣味性,又增大了学生的参与面把握学生学习的效果。(四)全课小结这节课学习了什么内容?正反比例实际问题要怎样解答?
四、学以致用。1、用比例解决下列问题。五、课后延伸,深化拓展1、万老师骑摩托车从家到学校上班,6分钟行使了480米,照这样计算,他从家到学校共行使了20分钟。他家到学校的距离有多少米?2、今年元旦那天,小丽的妈妈到银川商城购物,发现有件保暖内衣质量不错,于是买了3件,共付了180元。回来后,邻居张大妈也想买几件,于是乘车到银川商城买同样的保暖内衣,她共付了300元,能买几件?3、解决课前提出的问题。(学校旗杆高一般由学校面积大小而定)提醒:同一时间、同一地点的身高和影长成正比例。根据实际情况,可以独立解答,也可以讨论解答。4、实践作业。1、一根粗细均匀的圆木,锯成了5段共用了326分钟,照这样计算,如果把这根圆木 锯成7段,需要多少分钟?2、请同学们利用上一题的原理测一测咱们学校的教学楼的高度。六、课堂总结。说说你的收获。评价自己的表现。教学反思:这节课上完之后我有以下三点感悟:( 一)课堂永远是无法完全预设的
1.本课修订版教材和未修订时的教材没有变化。教材首先是复习文字题:求一个数的几分之几是多少;然后教学例1:“学校买来100千克白菜,吃了 ,吃了多少千克白菜?”这道例题本身和学生联系不紧密,题材无新意,无情趣,课后有些习题又没有紧密结合生活实际,如第16页第7题:指出下面每组中的两个数,应把谁看作单位“1”?①乙是甲 。②乙的 相当于甲。这样教材本身就难以激发学生的学习兴趣,更谈不上给学生一种自主学习的氛围。面对这种现状,我们教师就应紧紧结合《数学课程标准》,灵活地、创造性地使用教材,体现新课程理念。2.课改的基本理念是:要关注学生、关注过程、关注发展。这节课我是打破了传统的教学方式,紧密结合新课程理念精心设计的。课上学生的反应与以往大不相同。首先在课前问题情境部分,学生的反应就让我惊喜,在学生自己的见解中,居然发现了地球吸引力和月球吸引力之间的关系,这是学生创新能力的真实表现。
(三)看书质疑师:今天探索的问题与教科书第20-21页里例2-例3的内容相似,打开看看,书是怎么解答的?有疑问的可以提出来。生认真看书。生质疑。三、模拟练习,拓展应用师:请看学校调查表(课件出示),还有什么问题没有解决啊?(买折叠车和同学去秋游的人数)想解决吗?(想)师:提供这个信息能解决什么问题呢?生:买车的人数。师:你会直接口算吗?会的请你站起来告诉大家。生都站了起来了。师:这么都同学会啊,老师很为你们高兴,还是请代表说。生说。师:你们有意见吗?生:没有(好)师:谁能求出选择秋游的人数?生:不能啊,条件不充分师:那你能根据图意估计一下,然后补充一个条件,使我们能用今天的知识算出这些人数吗?
第三层次:尝试练习让学生独立完成教材117页的第3题,个别学生板演,教师在学生完成后集体点评,强调学习的难点。第三个环节:变式练习,巩固深化练习的设计要抓基础知识与发展创新能力紧密结合起来,以达到发展思维,形成技能的目标。在此环节我设计了如下练习:1、定位练习。仿照例3出示类似的两道应用题,要求学生读题,画图,深入理解题里的数量关系,列出数量关系式。强化难点,形成技能。2、提高题:同来互相编题,互相解答。通过以上练习,促使学生将新的知识溶入到已有认知结构中,以利于更好的迁移和运用。第四个环节课堂作业反馈信息完成课本练习二十三第4-7题(三)说“诱思探究”在本节课的具体体现1、以学生为主体,教学中多次引导学生尝试练习,引导学生把旧知与新知进行对比;引导学生自主探索,亲身体验,切实把学生推向学习探索的第一线。体现了“诱思探究”对当代课堂教学的要求。
2、说说下面每个百分数的具体含义,是怎么求出来的?(哪两个数相比,把谁看作单位“1”)(1)某种菜籽的出油率是36%。(2)实际用电量占计划用电量的80%。(3)李家今年荔枝产量是去年的120%。二、新授1、根据数学信息提出问题:出示例2的情境图,让学生根据图中提供的条件提出用百分数解决的问题。(1)计划造林是实际造林的百分之几?(2)实际造林是计划造林的百分之几?(3)实际造林比计划造林增加百分之几?(4)计划早林比实际造林少百分之几?2、让学生先解决前两个问提。解决这类问题要先弄清楚哪两个数相比,哪个数是单位“1”,哪一个数与单位“1”相比。3、学生自主解决“实际早林比计划增加了百分之几”的问题。(1)分析数量关系,让学生自己尝试着用线段图表示出来。
教材分析:例2以学校兴趣小组为题材,引出稍复杂的已知一个数的几分之几是多少,求这个数的实际问题。用算术方法解决这样的实际问题,不仅需要逆向思考,还要把“比一个数多它的几分之几”,转化为“是一个数的几分之几”,比较抽象,思维难度大。用方程解,可以列成形如 的方程,也可以列成形如 的方程,前者仍然要经历从“多几分之几”到“是几分之几”的转化,实际上是方程的形式,算术的思路。教学重点:弄清单位“1”的量,会分析题中的数量关系。教学难点:分析题中的数量关系。学情分析:由于小学生目前尚未接触到比较复杂的,用算术方法很难解决的实际问题,所以对方程解法的优越认识不足。一些学生觉得用方程解需要写设句,比较麻烦,因此喜欢用算术解法。对此,教师一方面应肯定学生自己想到的正确解法,另一方面又要因势利导,从进一步学习的需要与方程解法的特点等角度,使学生初步了解学习列方程解决问题的重要性。从而提高学习用方程解决问题的自觉性和积极性。
一、教学目标(一)知识教育点使学生掌握抛物线的定义、抛物线的标准方程及其推导过程.(二)能力训练点要求学生进一步熟练掌握解析几何的基本思想方法,提高分析、对比、概括、转化等方面的能力.(三)学科渗透点通过一个简单实验引入抛物线的定义,可以对学生进行理论来源于实践的辩证唯物主义思想教育.二、教材分析1.重点:抛物线的定义和标准方程.2.难点:抛物线的标准方程的推导.三、活动设计提问、回顾、实验、讲解、板演、归纳表格.四、教学过程(一)导出课题我们已学习了圆、椭圆、双曲线三种圆锥曲线.今天我们将学习第四种圆锥曲线——抛物线,以及它的定义和标准方程.课题是“抛物线及其标准方程”.首先,利用篮球和排球的运动轨迹给出抛物线的实际意义,再利用太阳灶和抛物线型的桥说明抛物线的实际用途。
教学目的:理解并熟练掌握正态分布的密度函数、分布函数、数字特征及线性性质。教学重点:正态分布的密度函数和分布函数。教学难点:正态分布密度曲线的特征及正态分布的线性性质。教学学时:2学时教学过程:第四章 正态分布§4.1 正态分布的概率密度与分布函数在讨论正态分布之前,我们先计算积分。首先计算。因为(利用极坐标计算)所以。记,则利用定积分的换元法有因为,所以它可以作为某个连续随机变量的概率密度函数。定义 如果连续随机变量的概率密度为则称随机变量服从正态分布,记作,其中是正态分布的参数。正态分布也称为高斯(Gauss)分布。
教学准备 1. 教学目标 知识与技能掌握双曲线的定义,掌握双曲线的四种标准方程形式及其对应的焦点、准线.过程与方法掌握对双曲线标准方程的推导,进一步理解求曲线方程的方法——坐标法.通过本节课的学习,提高学生观察、类比、分析和概括的能力.情感、态度与价值观通过本节的学习,体验研究解析几何的基本思想,感受圆锥曲线在刻画现实和解决实际问题中的作用,进一步体会数形结合的思想.2. 教学重点/难点 教学重点双曲线的定义及焦点及双曲线标准方程.教学难点在推导双曲线标准方程的过程中,如何选择适当的坐标系. 3. 教学用具 多媒体4. 标签
教 学 过 程教师 行为学生 行为教学 意图时间 *揭示课题 8.4 圆(二) *创设情境 兴趣导入 【知识回顾】 我们知道,平面内直线与圆的位置关系有三种(如图8-21): (1)相离:无交点; (2)相切:仅有一个交点; (3)相交:有两个交点. 并且知道,直线与圆的位置关系,可以由圆心到直线的距离d与半径r的关系来判别(如图8-22): (1):直线与圆相离; (2):直线与圆相切; (3):直线与圆相交. 介绍 讲解 说明 质疑 引导 分析 了解 思考 思考 带领 学生 分析 启发 学生思考 0 15*动脑思考 探索新知 【新知识】 设圆的标准方程为 , 则圆心C(a,b)到直线的距离为 . 比较d与r的大小,就可以判断直线与圆的位置关系. 讲解 说明 引领 分析 思考 理解 带领 学生 分析 30*巩固知识 典型例题 【知识巩固】 例6 判断下列各直线与圆的位置关系: ⑴直线, 圆; ⑵直线,圆. 解 ⑴ 由方程知,圆C的半径,圆心为. 圆心C到直线的距离为 , 由于,故直线与圆相交. ⑵ 将方程化成圆的标准方程,得 . 因此,圆心为,半径.圆心C到直线的距离为 , 即由于,所以直线与圆相交. 【想一想】 你是否可以找到判断直线与圆的位置关系的其他方法? *例7 过点作圆的切线,试求切线方程. 分析 求切线方程的关键是求出切线的斜率.可以利用原点到切线的距离等于半径的条件来确定. 解 设所求切线的斜率为,则切线方程为 , 即 . 圆的标准方程为 , 所以圆心,半径. 图8-23 圆心到切线的距离为 , 由于圆心到切线的距离与半径相等,所以 , 解得 . 故所求切线方程(如图8-23)为 , 即 或. 说明 例题7中所使用的方法是待定系数法,在利用代数方法研究几何问题中有着广泛的应用. 【想一想】 能否利用“切线垂直于过切点的半径”的几何性质求出切线方程? 说明 强调 引领 讲解 说明 引领 讲解 说明 观察 思考 主动 求解 思考 主动 求解 通过例题进一步领会 注意 观察 学生 是否 理解 知识 点 50
本人所教的两个班级学生普遍存在着数学科基础知识较为薄弱,计算能力较差,综合能力不强,对数学学习有一定的困难。在课堂上的主体作用的体现不是太充分,但是他们能意识到自己的不足,对数学课的学习兴趣高,积极性强。 学生在学习交往上表现为个别化学习,课堂上较为依赖老师的引导。学生的群体性小组交流能力与协同讨论学习的能力不强,对学习资源和知识信息的获取、加工、处理和综合的能力较低。在教学中尽量分析细致,减少跨度较大的环节,对重要的推导过程采用板书方式逐步进行,力求让绝大多数学生接受。 1.理解椭圆标准方程的推导;掌握椭圆的标准方程;会根据条件求椭圆的标准方程,会根据椭圆的标准方程求焦点坐标. 2.通过椭圆图形的研究和标准方程的讨论,使学生掌握椭圆的几何性质,能正确地画出椭圆的图形,并了解椭圆的一些实际应用。 1.让学生经历椭圆标准方程的推导过程,进一步掌握求曲线方程的一般方法,体会数形结合等数学思想;培养学生运用类比、联想等方法提出问题. 2.培养学生运用数形结合的思想,进一步掌握利用方程研究曲线的基本方法,通过与椭圆几何性质的对比来提高学生联想、类比、归纳的能力,解决一些实际问题。 1.通过具体的情境感知研究椭圆标准方程的必要性和实际意义;体会数学的对称美、简洁美,培养学生的审美情趣,形成学习数学知识的积极态度. 2.进一步理解并掌握代数知识在解析几何运算中的作用,提高解方程组和计算能力,通过“数”研究“形”,说明“数”与“形”存在矛盾的统一体中,通过“数”的变化研究“形”的本质。帮助学生建立勇于探索创新的精神和克服困难的信心。
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作定语和表语的功能和意义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否在理解文段内容的基础上,根据上下文语境和表达逻辑,能正确运用动词-ing形式描述节日庆典。3、通过本节内容学习,学生是否归纳和积累用于表达情绪的相关词汇。
本板块的活动主题是“谈论节日活动”(Talk about festival activities),主要是从贴近学生日常生活的角度来切入“节日”主题。学生会听到发生在三个国家不同节日场景下的简短对话,对话中的人们正在参与或将要亲历不同的庆祝活动。随着全球化的进程加速,国际交流日益频繁,无论是国人走出国门还是外国友人访问中国,都已成为司空见惯的事情。因此,该板块所选取的三个典型节日场景都是属于跨文化交际语境,不仅每组对话中的人物来自不同的文化背景,对话者的身份和关系也不尽相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法;能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题,进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点快速而准确地找到主题句;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否理清论说文的语篇结构和文本逻辑,了解节日风俗发展与变迁,感悟节日的内涵与意义。
The joke set her crying.这个玩笑使她哭起来。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作宾语补足语语和状语语的功能和意义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否正确使用动词-ing形式描述人物的行为、动作及其经历;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否通过人物言行的对比分析道德故事的深层内涵;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否根据故事的起因、经过和结果来深入理解故事的情节,从而了解文章的层次结构;4、结合现实生活案例发表自己的见解和看法,写一篇观点明确、层次分明的故事评论。
(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否通过说话人所表达的内容、说话的语气、语调等来判断其态度和情绪;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否针对具体的道德困境发表自己的看法和见解,能否掌握听力理训练中的听力策略。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.价格与战前相同。(4)定语从句中的“关系代词+助动词be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否根据上下文语境或情景恢复句子中省略的成分,体会使用省略的效果;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
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