B重点与难点重点:伽利略对物理学发展的重大贡献;经典力学的建立;相对论的提出;量子论的诞生。难点:物理学各阶段发展的原因;对科学发展创新性的理解。D教学过程【导入新课】1632年,伽利略撰写的《关于托勒密和哥白尼两大世界体系的对话》科学巨著出版后,立刻引起教会的恐慌,把伽利略投入监狱。教皇乌尔班八世的御用工具——宗教裁判所在1633年6月21日宣布对伽利略的判决:“我们判决你在宗教法庭监狱内服刑,刑期由我们掌握,为了有益于补赎,命令你在今后3年内,每周背诵7篇赎罪诗篇……”这一纸胡言,竟使伽利略蒙冤300多年,致死都没有撤销判决,甚至死后还被禁止举行殡礼,不准葬入圣太克罗斯墓地。那么,是什么原因导致宗教裁判所对伽利略作了如此判决?我们应如何看待伽利略在科学领域的贡献?
材料五航路开辟后,东方香料输入欧洲的总量较中古之时猛增30倍,而胡椒、丁香等在印度购入和在英国卖出的差价亦高达10至29倍,其他货物的获利同样惊人。这一时期,新的商品不断涌现,特别值得注意的是美洲的特产——玉米、马铃薯、烟草、可可等——被传播到欧亚大陆。这时,世界性的对外贸易主要通过大西洋,地中海与意大利皆告衰落,而沿大洋的英、荷等渐居中心。到17世纪时,英国的伦敦与荷兰的阿姆斯特丹成为世界贸易中心。问题4:材料五表明,新航路开辟后对世界贸易产生了哪些重大影响?答案4:结束了世界相对孤立状态;各地文明开始会合交流,日益连成一个整体;欧洲商人直接同世界各地建立商业联系;促进不同国家和贸易的发展,促进世界市场雏形开始出现。
这次大赛我们看到了启发讲授式,合作探究式,情景体验式,信息技术与学科教学整合式等多种教学方法,各有所长,也都发挥了各自不同的教学作用。重庆的李静老师在讲《文化创新的途径》这课中,从一个大家都非常关注的有些争议的张艺谋导演的雅典奥运会闭幕式上8分钟的表演的品评与思辩入手,学生非常兴奋,又到2008年北京奥运会开幕式的点火和文艺演出的创新设计,教学过程中既有学生的现场调查,又有充分发挥学生想象力的小组合作探究,还有小组间彼此的评价。在教学方式的设计上既有体验式,又有合作探究式,还有教师的启发讲授,多种教学方式的整合提高了课堂教学的整体效益。最后还要求学生把他们的设计通过E-mail等方式发给北京奥运会组委会,让学生非常兴奋。”
(三)课堂总结、点评 本节内容讲述了价格变动对人们生活、生产的影响作用,主要知识框架如下:(1)、价格变动会影响人们的消费需求,商品价格上涨,人需求就减少,反之,则增大。价格变动对不同商品需求影响程度是不一样的,对生活必需品的需求量影响较小,对高档耐用品的需求量影响较大。相关商品价格变动对消费需求的影响不同,某种商品价格上涨,就会减少需求量,其替代品需求量增加,其互补品需求量则减少。(2)、价格变化也会影响生产经营,价格变动会调节生产,刺激生产者改进技术,提高劳动生产率,促使生产者生产适销对路的高质量产品。★课余作业 运用所学知识说明,价格变动为什么会促使生产者提高劳动生产率?★教学体会 本节学习内容,教学中注意多引用生活、市场中的实际例子,让学生在具体、感性材料中,感悟其中包含的经济学道理,学会独立分析,切忌机械记忆。
思考:在我们今天的生活中,应该如何认识“孝”道?(“孝”为中华民族传统道德之本。在封建社会,“孝”被异化为封建统治阶级统治人民、维系政权的一个最重要的工具;一切听命于“一家之长”的观念,使人们往往屈从于独断的权威或传统的家庭礼教,失去了独立的人格。另一方面,“孝”从它本身意义出发,所包含的尊老、敬老、养老,以及亲亲、爱人、爱国,正是中华民族的一大传统美德,是中华民族家庭和睦、邻里相亲、社会稳定的重要内在因素。因此,孝道已被列为中华传统道德教育的重要内容。)所以我们要辩证地认识传统文化在现实生活中的作用,做到“取其精华,去其糟粕;批判继承,古为今用”。对于传统文化中符合社会发展要求的、积极的、向上的内容,应该继续保持和发扬。对于传统文化中不符合社会发展要求的、落后的、腐朽的东西,必须“移风易俗”,自觉地加以改造或剔除。2、正确对待传统文化的意义
商业活动、人口迁徙、教育活动是文化传播的主要途径。随着科学技术的不断进步,文化传播的手段也越来越多样,越来越先进。现代文化传播已经不仅限于这些,传播的媒介越来越多。经历了口语、文字、印刷、电子和网络等发展阶段。二、大众传媒:现代文化传播的手段1、 传媒:传播的媒介2、 发展:口语――文字――印刷――电子――网络3、 现代传媒包括:报刊、广播、电视、网络、杂志、书籍、手机、电子读物等各种现代传媒的作用各具特色,各有优点。(学生讨论并畅谈各自的优缺点)归纳:新的传媒的出现,并不意味着旧传媒的消失,各种传媒都在文化传播中发挥着重要的作用。传媒的真正开始面向大众传递信息,是以印刷媒体的推广为标志的。如今,依托电子技术、微电子技术、光纤通信技术、网络技术、多媒体技术等现代信息技术,大众传媒能够最大程度地穿越时空局限,汇集来自世界各地的信息,日益显示出文化传递、沟通、共享的强大功能,已经成为文化传播的主要手段。
①含义:即国家管理形式,是国家政权的组织形式②政体的必要性和重要性A、行使职能B、维护其根本利益掌握国家政权的阶级为实现政治统治、行使社会管理职能,必然要采取某种形式组织政权机关。统治阶级为维护其根本利益,总是力求采用最有效的政权组织形式。3、国体与政体的关系(板书)(1)、政体的多样性(2)、国体与政体的关系①国体决定政体,并通过一定的政体来体现;政体体现国体,并服务于特定的国体。适当的政体能够巩固国体,不适当的政体会危害国体。补充:政体由国体决定并反映国体,国体是主要的方面。但是,政体也具有一定的独立性,影响它形成的因素主要有:历史条件、阶级力量对比、传统习惯、国际环境影响等。②专政政体国体与政体,即是国家制度中内容与形式两个方面(3)从国体、政体两个方面看民主制国家补充:专政即是主要依靠暴力实行的统治,它与民主相对立,属于国体的范畴,而专制则与法制相对立,属于政体的范畴。
国会一直在政治生活中居于主导地位;到了当代,则是总统居于主导地位。由于司法机关无权直接支配社会力量和财富,相比之下,联邦法院力量向来较弱。第二次世界大战后,由于美国一直追逐全球霸权,美国总统的战争权力更加强化,向海外派遣军队的次数更加频繁。美国人民日益觉察到这种不断增长的“帝王般总统职位”可能带来的危险。2、三权分立制的本质——是一种资产阶级民主制度美国的三权分立制本质上是一种资产阶级民主制度。二百多年的历史经验表明,它有效地维护了美国资产阶级的统治。但是,广大劳动人民不可能在这种制度下享有真正的民主。虽然三大权力机关之间互相制约、平衡,却没有一个代表人民意志的权力机关,因而不可能实现人民群众的多数人统治。◇本框题小结:◇3个3种权力:3种权力即立法权、行政权和司法权;3个弊端:即三权分立原则的3 个弊端;3个中央政权机构即立法机关、行政机关和司法机关;◇2个原因:即确立三权分立原则的原因◇1个本质:即三权分立原则的本质
中国加人世贸组织承担的义务主要包括:进一步降低关税;取消非关税贸易壁垒;取消被禁止的出口补贴;开放国内市场,特别是服务市场;扩大对知识产权的保护范围;放宽和改善外资政策;增加贸易政策的透明度等。履行这些义务对中国提出了挑战。中国加入世贸组织后,享受多边、无条件、稳定的最惠国待遇和国民待遇;参与世贸组织各机构的所有会议;参与贸易政策审议,对贸易伙伴的贸易政策进行质询和监督;利用世贸组织的争端解决机制解决贸易纠纷;参与新一轮多边贸易谈判,制定多边贸易规则;享受发展中国家特有的权益。②意义:中国正充分行使这些权利,积极主动地参与、加强和发展多边贸易体制,推动建立公平、合理的国际经济新秩序,维护国家利益。相关链接:2005年7月.中国倡议的WTO小型部长级会议在大连召开,世贸组织总干事和三十多个成员的代表出席会议。
【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下来的三天里,您可以在当地导游的陪同下,深入雨林进行探索,欣赏雨林特有的动植物。本句主体结构为spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸,仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合,即可稳固墙体。本句为so that引导的结果状语从句。nothing与the perfect fit为并列成分; other than在句中意为“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教学过程】Step1: 语法知识呈现定语从句(一)—关系代词的用法在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,说明事物的具体信息,从句位于被修饰词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词指代先行词,并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种:关系代词who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why。
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
Step 3: Read to sum upRead it again and sum up the problems of the three students, and then write down the advice that was given from others.Step 4: Work in pairs. List your learning problems in English and brainstorm some useful advice.Useful expressions ? I don't know how to…... Is a big difficulty for me. I cannot ...? You might try …. It's very important to…? I have no idea how/what .My biggest problem is .... ? I (also) have trouble with. My advice is …. This worked for me.? l cannot understand the teachers’ English in class.Step 5 Homework:为提高我校学生的英语口语水平,我们将举办英语演讲比赛(English- speaking contest),请你根据下面的信息,以学生会(the Students‘ Union)的名义写一份海报,欢迎全校同学参加,届时特邀本校美籍教师史密斯先生颁奖。? 报名时间 9月30日以前(报名:signup)? 报名地点 学生会办公室? 比赛时间 10月9日晚7:00~9:00? 比赛地点 学校大会议室? 奖励 前8名
This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
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