学生在一年级上册开始学习简单的分类整理,初步认识了象形统计图和简单的统计表。本课继续学习统计,以整理随机出现的简单数据为主要内容,并把经过整理的数据填进简单的统计表。在统计过程中,让学生学到一些比较容易的统计方法,渗透统计的思想和方法,激发培养学生的学习热情和信心。三、教学目标:1、使学生体验数据的收集、整理、描述和分析的过程,了解统计的意义,会用简单的方法收集和表现数据。2、认识条形统计图,明确用1格表示5个单位的表现形式,能根据统计图提出问题,并初步进行简单的预测。3、在学习过程中培养学生的实践能力与合作意识。四、重点难点教学重点:使学生认识条形统计图,明确可以用一格表示5个单位。教学难点:引导学生通过合作讨论找到切实可行的解决问题的方法。
2、十进制计数法(1)、师提问:“同学们,我们在前几节课已经学习了到万级为止的数,但是,还有比亿更大的数存在着,(出示数位顺序表):引导学生利用已有的知识进行类推,将已学过的亿以内数位顺序表扩展到“千亿”。教师在计数器上现场贴上亿级的数位。(教师向学生说明:还有比千亿更大的数,由于不常用,暂时不学,因此在数为顺序表后面用“…”,表示后面还有其他数位。)(2)、教师提问:“那么,我们已经学习了哪些计数单位呢?”(3)、小组讨论:“每相邻的两个计数单位之间的进率是多少?”请同学们自己得出结论:每相邻的两个计数单位之间的进率都是十。最后,教师给出“十进制计数法”的名称,在黑板上板书。(三)、课堂总结1、教师:“同学们,今天我们一起学习了?”教师请同学们接下去说完整:“自然数和十进制计数法。”
教学评析:1、打破旧的教学模式。以往小学数学中把“统计”教学仅仅理解为统计图、表的教学,而《数学课程标准》要求让学生经历、体验数据的“收集、整理、描述和分析”的过程。因此,整个教学设计都从学生亲自经历和体验统计过程为主线:引导学生发现并提出问题,用适当的方法收集和整理数据,用合适的图、表展示数据,对数据作简单的分析并对自己的分析、思考进行交流和改进。在这一过程,培养学生的创造力!2、构建“自主开放”的创新教学模式。在观察草原动物、对怎样数动物的只数及直观形象的表示动物只数的过程中;在认识、及绘制统计图、表的过程中,学生充分利用想象、猜测、操作、讨论等学习方法,自主探索,充分发挥了学生的主体意识,培养了学生的观察力、创造力。3、数学问题生活化,感受数学的实用性。
一、说教材:《简便计算》 这一课是人民教育出版社第八册数学第三单元P44的内容。是在学生已经掌握了乘法的意义并且对乘法交换律、结合律、分配律以及除法的定律有了初步认识的基础上进行教学的。本节课力求突出以学生发展为本的教育思想,所以整个教学过程要求以学生自主学习、自主探索为主,通过学生的观察、归纳、运用等数学学习形式,让学生去感受数学问题的探索性和挑战性。学生在认知的过程中熟练地应用乘法结合律和连除的简便计算等一些定律并把前面一节课所学知识与今天的内容联系起来,从而更好地进行简便计算,达到灵活运用的目的与效果。二、说教法:根据本节课的教材内容和编排特点,为了更有效地突出重点,突破难点,按照学生的认知规律,采用自学讨论法进行教学。师生作适当归纳或总结性的讲解;最后进行巩固练习。通过这种教法,引导学生充分提出问题并充分讨论问题,充分体现学生的主体性,教师只是学生学习的指导者、活动的组织者。
(3)引导总结小数加减法计算方法。引导概括出:计算小数加减法时要把相同数位上的数对齐,也就是要把小数点对齐。(4)看书36页 读小数加减法计算方法(三)拓展练习:1.用竖式计算 4.37+2.93 7.54+6.84【设计意图】练习的目的是巩固算法,同时暴露新的认知冲突,计算结果末尾有“0”,正确处理“0”的问题。学生发现问题,提出解决办法,教师引导学生根据小数的性质,正确认识和掌握计算结果末尾有“0”的时候要化简,即划掉末尾的“0”的问题。2.解决实际问题课件出示【设计意图】解决身边的问题,体会新知识源于生活,服务于生活。在解决问题中使学生进一步理解小数加减法的意义,正确计算小数加减法,掌握新的本领。(四)、课堂小结:分为两部分,先看书36页,整理所学知识;再由学生谈收获、谈体会。归纳总结是否达到知识情感的预定目标。
四、教学流程分析 (一)激趣引入,创设情境 充分利用情境,让学生感受统计的必要性,引导学生体会到解决这类问题的思路是:收集数据、整理数据、做出决策,从而使学生从感性认识上升到理性认识,既培养了解决实际问题的能力,也使学生感到学习扇形统计图的必要性。利用多媒体提供学生感兴趣的生活资料,让学生收集、整理、分析信息,激发学生学习兴趣,体会数学来源于生活。 (二)新旧知识对比,探究学习 教师在设计时,对教材上的例题和有关练习作了修改,从书本指向性非常明确的问题改成了完全开放的问题,有效培养了学生的识图能力,增强了学生思维的开放性。多媒体展示同学们知道的七大洲四大洋的知识并制作成扇形统计图以及书中的例题,引导学生读图思考、小组交流。在此基础上,出示教师收集的扇形统计图资料,引导学生读图交流,并归纳概括扇形统计图的特点和作用,以及在做这样题时应注意的问题。
三、应用知识,解决问题1、练习P63做一做,并根据统计图进行分析和提建议。(1)学生动手制作。(2)用幻灯展示学生作品,并评议。(3)谈自己根据统计图进行分析和提建议2、学生动手绘制折线统计图。(用自己收集的数据进行绘制折线统计图)(1)学生绘制折线统计图。(2)学生谈自己收集数据与绘制折线统计图的目的?(教师选择性地展示学生的作品,并交流)生1:我收集的数据是自己上学期期末考试成绩与这学期第一、二两单元的数学成绩,制图目的是为了清楚地看出自己本学期成绩变化情况。生2:我收集的数据是妈妈店上3月下旬衣服销售情况,目的是为了帮助妈妈如何调整进货。生3:我收集的是今年1—3月份,我家的用电情况,目的是通过观察用电的变化情况来调整用电,尽量做到节约用电。生4:我妈妈是医生,我从妈妈那收集了我7—12岁的身高数据,制折线统计图的目的是为了更好地了解自己的生长情况,并通过这一情况来指导我班同学的饮食。
人民币的简单计算是在对人民币的认识后,是人民币的再进一步的认识。本节课的主要知识点主要有三个:一人民币单位间的换算、二进行简单的计算,三是知道商品价格的表示形式。同时通过这节课的学习,逐渐培养交往和社会实践能力,体会人民币在社会生活商品交换中的作用。为了达成以上的一些目标我是这样设计这节课。一、从学生经验入手直接引入商品价格,在学生回忆商品价格的表示方法中,唤醒学生的思绪,使学生觉得在所学的知识与实际生活的联系。让学生体验到数学与日常生活的密切联系。二、在操作中完成进率的换算。进率的换算在教学是一个重点也是难点,为此我在教学上通过不同的的付钱方法,深刻体会,这样的教学让说不清的关系,在操作讲解中得以内化。学生学了也不易忘记。
(4)议一议:频率与概率有什么区别和联系?随着重复实验次数的不断增加,频率的变化趋势如何?结论:从上面的试验可以看到:当重复实验的次数大量增加时,事件发 生的频率就稳定在相应的概率附近,因此,我们可以通过大量重复实验,用一个事件发生的频率来估计这一事件发生的概率。三、做一做:1.某运动员投篮5次, 投中4次,能否说该运动员投一次篮,投中的概率为4/5?为什么?2.回答下列问题:(1)抽检1000件衬衣,其中不合格的衬衣有2件,由 此估计抽1件衬衣合格的概率是多少?(2)1998年,在美国密歇根州汉诺城市的一个农场里出生了1头白色的小奶牛,据统计,平均出生1千万头牛才会有1头是白色的,由此估计出生一头奶牛为白色的概率为多少?
2 根据下面4幅,你能判断出哪个学校的女生人数最多吗?(1) 如果甲校的学生总人数900人,那么甲校的女生有多少人?(2) 如果丙校男生与甲校的同样多,那么丙校学生总人数有多少人?(3) 如果乙校的学生总人数与丙校的同样多,那么乙校男生有多少人?(4) 如果丁校的男生与乙校的同样多,那么乙校的女生有多少人?3 出示课件《中国人口占世界的百分比》和《中国国土面积占世界的百分比》统计图和有关的数据。(1)中国人口约13亿 (2)中国国土面积约960万平方千米(请同学认真观察统计图和有关的数据,请你说说获得了哪些信息?并提出我们能够解决的问题。要求:先在小组交流,然后派代表提出问题,并指定他组回答,其他同学当评委;如果回答正确,由的同学提问题,否则,由提问题的同学继续提问。同组成员可帮助。)还有什么想法?3 出示西山村果园各种果树种植面积情况,要求学生根据给出的数据制成扇形统计图。
(这一环节由学生熟知的典型事例入手,让学生感受到数学与生活的密切联系。把用数描述事物和用图描述事物整合在一起,使学生体会用图描述事物直观性的同时,建立数与形之间的联系,发展抽象思维。让学生通过自主探究、合作交流的学习方式来突破本节课的教学重点,鼓励学生说出自己的意见,并且通过多元化的评价激发学生的学习兴趣。)(三)及时练习课本103页练一练第一题让学生自主完成,填充空白统计图。提示学生标注名称和数据。(这一环节让学生体会数学在生活中的应用)(四)拓展延伸。观察两幅扇形统计图,回答问题。(这一环节给学生充分讨论交流的时间,让学生在讨论中互相补充,在讨论中不断完整自己的知识。让学生加深对扇形统计图的理解,理解单位一未知,无法根据百分比判断部分量的大小)(五)总结评价:
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
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