教 学 过 程教师 行为学生 行为教学 意图 *揭示课题 8.3 两条直线的位置关系(一) *创设情境 兴趣导入 【知识回顾】 我们知道,平面内两条直线的位置关系有三种:平行、相交、重合.并且知道,两条直线都与第三条直线相交时,“同位角相等”是“这两条直线平行”的充要条件. 【问题】 两条直线平行,它们的斜率之间存在什么联系呢? 介绍 质疑 引导 分析 了解 思考 启发 学生思考*动脑思考 探索新知 【新知识】 当两条直线、的斜率都存在且都不为0时(如图8-11(1)),如果直线平行于直线,那么这两条直线与x轴相交的同位角相等,即直线的倾角相等,故两条直线的斜率相等;反过来,如果直线的斜率相等,那么这两条直线的倾角相等,即两条直线与x轴相交的同位角相等,故两直线平行. 当直线、的斜率都是0时(如图8-11(2)),两条直线都与x轴平行,所以//. 当两条直线、的斜率都不存在时(如图8-11(3)),直线与直线都与x轴垂直,所以直线// 直线. 显然,当直线、的斜率都存在但不相等或一条直线的斜率存在而另一条直线的斜率不存在时,两条直线相交. 由上面的讨论知,当直线、的斜率都存在时,设,,则 两个方程的系数关系两条直线的位置关系相交平行重合 当两条直线的斜率都存在时,就可以利用两条直线的斜率及直线在y轴上的截距,来判断两直线的位置关系. 判断两条直线平行的一般步骤是: (1) 判断两条直线的斜率是否存在,若都不存在,则平行;若只有一个不存在,则相交. (2) 若两条直线的斜率都存在,将它们都化成斜截式方程,若斜率不相等,则相交; (3) 若斜率相等,比较两条直线的纵截距,相等则重合,不相等则平行. 讲解 说明 引领 分析 仔细 分析 讲解 关键 词语 思考 理解 思考 理解 带领 学生 分析 引导 式启 发学 生得 出结 果
教 学 过 程教师 行为学生 行为教学 意图时间 *揭示课题 10.3总体、样本与抽样方法(二) *创设情境 兴趣导入 【问题】 用样本估计总体时,样本抽取得是否恰当,直接关系到总体特性估计的准确程度.那么,应该如何抽取样本呢? 介绍 质疑 了解 思考 启发 学生思考 0 5*动脑思考 探索新知 【新知识】 下面介绍几种常用的抽样方法. 1.简单随机抽样 从一批苹果中选取10个,每个苹果被选中的可能性一般是不相等的,放在上面的苹果更容易被选中.实际过程又不允许将整箱苹果倒出来,搅拌均匀.因此,10个苹果做样本的代表意义就会打折扣. 我们采用抽签的方法,将苹果按照某种顺序(比如箱、层、行、列顺序)编号,写在小纸片上.将小纸片揉成小团,放到一个不透明的袋子中,充分搅拌后,再从中逐个抽出10个小纸团.最后根据编号找到苹果. 这种抽样叫做简单随机抽样. 简单随机抽样必须保证总体的每个个体被抽到的机会是相同的.也就是说,简单随机抽样是等概率抽样. 抽签法(俗称抓阄法)是最常用的简单随机抽样方法.其主要步骤为 (1)编号做签:将总体中的N个个体编上号,并把号码写到签上; (2)抽签得样本:将做好的签放到容器中,搅拌均匀后,从中逐个抽出n个签,得到一个容量为n的样本. 当总体中所含的个体较少时,通常采用简单随机抽样.例如,从某班抽取10位同学去参加义务劳动,就可采用抽签的方法来抽取样本. 当总体中的个体较多时,“搅拌均匀”不容易做到,这样抽出的样本的代表性就会打折扣.此时可以采用“随机数法”抽样. 产生随机数的方法很多,利用计算器(或计算机)可以方便地产生随机数. CASIO fx 82ESPLUS函数型计算器(如图10-3),利用 · 键的第二功能产生随机数.操作方法是:首先设置精确度并将计算器显示设置为小数状态,依次按键SHIFT 、 MODE、 2 ,然后连续按键 SHIFT 、 RAN# ,以后每按键一次 = 键,就能随机得到0~1之间的一个纯小数. 采用“随机数法”抽样的步骤为: (1)编号:将总体中的N个个体编上号; (2)选号:指定随机号的范围,利用计算器产生n个有效的随机号(范围之外或重复的号无效),得到一个容量为n的样本. 讲解 说明 引领 分析 仔细 分析 关键 语句 观察 理解 记忆 带领 学生 分析 20
2、爱自己的家,乐于帮助爸爸妈妈招待客人。 3、能独立完成操作活动。 活动准备: 筷子若干双,托盘一个(内装有小包装的糕点若干),碟子3-5个(边上分别贴有一张7以内的数卡);实物展示仪。幼儿用书,幼儿人手一支笔;1-7的数字印章、印泥若干。 活动过程: 一、我帮妈妈夹花生。 教师:今天爸爸妈妈邀请了朋友来做客,你是家里的小主人,可以帮爸爸妈妈做些什么事呢? 鼓励幼儿提出帮助父母整理家里的物品,招待客人。 教师(出示贴有数卡的碟子):客人来了,爸爸妈妈要邀请客人吃点心。你知道客人想吃几个点心呢?你是怎么知道的? 教师(出示装有花生的托盘):谁愿意帮客人拿点心?请个别幼儿示范拿点心,鼓励幼儿看清卡上的数字,边拿边数。 教师将幼儿装有点心的小放在视频展示仪下面,师幼共同检查花生的数量和数卡是否一致。
In the late autumn, John was badly ill andbecame bedridden (长期卧床的).After the doctor visited John several times, he told Sue, “His condition isquite ___22___.John seems to have lost all will to live. If he doesn’t want to live, medicineswill not help him.”
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉机)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in waternear North Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
The app — called Sit With Us — is ___15___. If a student is having lunch in the afternoon,he or she can create an invitation. Other students can open the app and ___16___ that invitation. They can then use the app todecide when and where to ___17___.
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
At the age of nine, Kelly dreamed of being abasketball player. But one day when she was playing basketball, she hurt herleft leg ____16____.
Antarctica lies in the most southern part of theworld. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn’t much rain, but there is alot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
“Red Trip” in TonghuaTonghua is a good choice to have a “red trip”. It is aplace full of “red stories”. The well-known national hero Yang Jingyu oncefought here. Experience the “red spirit”!
I joineda band (乐队)as a drummer in my middle school. I thought itwould be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy,but a month later, it got difficult. I was the only one who couldn’t keep pace (节奏)with the other players. Our teacher,Angie, singled me out to keep practicing while everyone else got to relax. Ifelt ashamed (羞愧的)as my teammates watched me fail so many times.Finally I got so tired of practicing that I didn’t care about doing it right.
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
市公安局经文保支队长陈东光表示,作为人员密集的高校,消防安全尤为重要,要以人为本,把人民群众的`生命安全和身体健康放在首位,加强安全教育宣传,掌握安全基础知识,提高每个人安全素养是最为基础的工作。启动会上还为在前期举行的消防安全知识竞赛获奖同学代表进行了颁奖,此次是山东大学第四届消防安全知识竞赛,包括一校三地的师生近5千人参与竞赛,这次比赛的参与程度和答题正确率都有了较大的提升,在创建平安校园之路上迈出了坚实步伐。中心校区各学院师生、机关部处教职工、学生宿管中心、物业公司的近千名人员在遵守防疫要求的前提下积极参与活动。活动现场设置了消防模拟灭火、模拟逃生、消防救援设备展、宿舍违章电器警示展等活动。在安全员以及学生志愿者的指导下,山大师生有序参与了熟悉消防应急救援设备、穿着消防服、使用灭火器等体验活动。广大师生通过亲自体验掌握了有序逃生、扑灭初起火情、消防设备使用等消防安全技能,具有很强的实践意义。
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