三、孟德尔遗传规律的现代解释①分离定律:在杂合体的细胞中,位于一对同源染色体上的等位基因,具有一定的独立性;在减数分裂形成配子的过程中,等位基因随同源染色体的分开而分离,独立地随配子遗传给后代。②自由组合定律:位于非同源染色体上的非等位基因的分离或组合是互不干扰的;在减数分裂过程中,同源染色体的等位基因彼此分离的同时,非同源染色体上的非等位基因自由组合。总结:再次强调孟德尔遗传定律的现代解释课堂练习:书本31页6、教学反思:本节课设置了一系列问题情境,层层设问,在学生答问、质疑、讨论过程中让学生建构新概念和新的知识体系,并通过教师及时掌握反馈信息,适时点拨、调节,让学生在推理判断中培养良好的思维习惯和对知识的迁移能力,而且通过留出一定的时间让学生提问,体现了以学生为主体的思想。
1、通过朗读、圈划和讨论等方法,体味窃读的滋味。 2、学习作者通过细致入微的动作描写和心理描写来表达感情的方法,体会作者用词的准确生动。 情感态度与价值观: 抓住主要内容,体会窃读的复杂滋味,感悟作者对读书的热爱,对求知的渴望,受到感染。 教学重点: 抓住主要内容,体会作者的情感,领悟作者的表达方法。 教学难点: 体会作者是怎样通过动作,心理描写来表达思想感情的,体会读书的意义。 评价设计: 在教学过程中着重体会作者感情及表达方法,可以通过生生评价,找出共鸣,在师生的评价中,找准前进的方向。
一、“准确、快速、灵活”的意义及其关系。 “准确”是篮球运动中的一个突出矛盾,通常在比赛中因传球准确性差造成很多失误,或因投篮不准带来比赛的失败。篮球比赛本身攻守双方一切技术、战术的应用和对抗的焦点就是围绕解决能否干扰对方的一切行动的准确性并争取自己尽量多把球投入对方篮圈,因此,不难看出“准确”的重要。 快速”的目的是为了出其不意,攻其不备,可以造成以多打少;“灵活”是随机应变,克服不利条件,争取有利局势,没有“快”就没有“灵活”,“快”与“灵”为“准确”创造条件,保证“准确”的发挥,“快”与“活”是手段,“准确”是目的,反之,“准确”的动作缩短了时间,争取了速度,“准确”的投篮又逼使对方扩大防区,而对方防区的扩大,更有利发挥“灵活”和“快速”的特长。由此可见,“准确”是三者核心,应占首位。 二、在篮球队训练中的运用 我一直担任校男篮教练工作,通过几年来的实践,我在训练比赛中注意贯彻“准确、快速、灵活”这一指导思想,取得了显著的成绩。我校男篮在参加市级比赛中,多年保持前几名的地位。
教学目标1) 语言理解与运用:通过赏析例文中一些精彩的细节描写片段,认知和仿用细节描写,并运用于写作之中。2) 思维发展与提升:感悟细节,鼓励学生联想与想象,通过认知和仿写细节描写,发展直觉思维、形象思维和创造思维,优化语言表达能力。3) 审美发现与鉴赏:让学生养成观察的习惯,留心生活,发现生活中的细节之美,感受和体验作品的语言美、形象美,从而激发学生的写作兴趣,学会热爱生活,形成积极的人生态度。
苏格拉底把装有毒酒的杯子举到胸口,平静地说:“分手的时候到了,我将死,你们活下来,是谁的选择好,只有天知道。”说毕,一口喝干了毒酒。(2) 苏格拉底临死前对一个叫克力同的人说了这样一番话。克力同,我告诉你,这几天一直有一个神的声音在我心中晓喻我,他说:“苏格拉底,还是听我们的建议吧,我们是你的卫士。不要考虑你的子女、生命或其他东西胜过考虑什么是公正。……事实上你就要离开这里了。当你去死的时候,你是个牺牲品,但不是我们所犯错误的牺牲品,而是你同胞所犯错误的牺牲品。但你若用这种可耻的方法逃避,以错还错,以恶报恶,践踏你自己和我们订立的协议合约,那么你伤害了你最不应该伤害的,包括你自己、你的朋友、你的国家,还有我们。到那时,你活着面对我们的愤怒,你死后我们的兄弟、冥府里的法律也不会热情欢迎你;因为它们知道你试图尽力摧毁我们。别接受克力同的建议,听我们的劝告吧。”
出佛手园,远处有山,山中有岚,有云。岚清,云白,绸缎一般,棉花一般,曼妙而行,逍遥自在。除了爱,还有眼前这山川草木。小小人类身处自然,永不孤单。那些草木,那些动物,那些自然界中的生灵,各安其所,相处自洽。而人类,不免焦虑,屡屡焦虑,内在小宇宙紊乱,何不走到自然中,谦卑蹲下,去学习一株草、一颗露珠的宁静?
紧接着是升记号的认识。在这里我把升记号介绍给学生,教师先用电子琴演奏没有升记号的乐句,再演奏有升记号的乐句,学生听一听那一个音有变化。然后教师再分别把单独的有变化的一个音拿出来进行比较,最后用键盘图在幻灯片上展示。使学生更直观的去听去感受,使学生听觉与视觉互补。增强学生的参与意识,使复杂乏味枯燥的音乐知识变的趣味化,生动化,通过师生的共同参与,更加拉近了教师与学生的距离。最后是编创与活动.由于这首歌是以环保为主题,所以我用音乐与环境保护有机结合的融合,从而进行德育渗透,通过生生合作、和自主探究的方式来进行编创歌词。最后让学生用载歌载舞的形式表现歌曲.依托音乐本身的魅力培养学生主动学习,合作意识,探究精神,从目标的提出到过程的安排,学习方法的确定乃至学习成果的呈现,都让学生有更大的自主性,更多的实践性,更浓的创造性。
除了打击乐器的加入,为了更好的表现歌曲的情绪,让学生的表演具有民族风格,出示几幅维吾尔族舞蹈动作图片,自己创编,然后观看视频,让学生进行模仿和创编。通过动作表现歌曲的情绪、风格,在表演实践中加深对歌曲的理解,符合学生的认知规律。教师从动作、表情等方面进行指导,并给予充分的肯定和赞扬,让学生体验成功的快乐。分组创编动作表现歌曲然后请学生互评表演,教师总评。最后请几个孩子上台表演,一组打节拍,其他同学演唱在欢快的气氛中感受歌曲的特色。(三)课堂小结情感升华课堂小结,我以新疆是阿凡提的家乡,哪里美丽富饶,我们的家乡六安也是个好地方,同学们你能说说自己的家乡吗?延伸课堂引导学生好好学习建设我们美丽的皋城。本节课从三维立体的层面结合听,唱,说让孩子们在学会歌曲的同时了解新疆这个民族,了解地域文化,让音乐的课堂担起了文化传递的作用。
4、争当班级小主人,为集体出力(建立班集体岗位责任制)五、说活动评价评价激励手段辅导员评价:主要以班级发展主题图中的奖励为主。队员评价:过程评价以星和小奖章记录为主。六、说活动延伸?课后各小组建立岗位责任制,全班每个同学都负责一个地方,承担一个责任,由小组长负责和组员讨论如何划分责任区。下周开始执行。最后我想,我们少先队活动课最大的特点就是在活动中体验、在活动中成长。活动全程,队员们的组织能力、观察能力、思考能力、统计能力、团队合作能力、生活能力都得到了锻炼与成长,这就是我们组织少先队活动最大的收获。我们有责任和义务开展好少先队活动课,真正的实现以学生为中心,为学生的长远发展负责,使少先队活动课真正成为育人、育心的课程,更好的为生活服务。以上,就是我对《劳动最光荣》这节少先队活动课的阐述。存在的不足之处还恳请各位评委老师批评指正。谢谢大家!
3、最后,在为学生建立音高概念阶段,设计了运用手势和图形谱帮助学生感受歌曲的旋律。意图在于,新的教学大纲特别注重学生音高概念的建立。尤其是一年级起步阶段,这也是一个教学的难点,所以在设计模唱曲谱教学环节中,也力求做到挖掘一些音乐要素的内涵,让学生在参与、体验、感受、表现音乐中了解歌曲旋律的走向,获得音高感受。四、拓展延伸(一)、知识抢答“祖国知多少”此环节的设计意图是:学生学习情绪,让他们得到休息放松,同时也是对相关知识的学习过程,为下面进一步拓展在情感上做好准备。(二)、音像结合,在听赏中进一步感受歌曲的丰富情感和思想内涵。从内心产生对国旗的赞美和喜爱之情,思想得到升华,意图在于:这是一个情感深入阶段,在这一环节中各个教学内容的设计都是意在做到以审美为核心,抓住一个“情”字,激发学生对国旗的热爱和赞美之情。在歌曲歌唱处理上循序渐进,使学生对歌曲情感的感受和体验逐步加强。
从而达到分散难点突破重点的目的。然后同学分组分句演唱,加强学生的合作与交流,增强团队意识,培养集体主义精神,营造师生互动,生生互动的课堂氛围。第五环节:学生模仿老师学习京剧四大功夫唱、念、做、打中的“做”,并结合演唱使本唱段更加形象,起到画龙点睛的作用。第六环节:成果展示。通过学生们的表演直接体会京剧的乐趣。3、评价测试:同学们课后查阅,除了《甘洒热血写春秋》这个唱段之外。《智取威虎山》里,还有哪些精彩的唱段。培养学生自主探究能力。三、教学效果预测:学生在愉快轻松的气氛中完成本节课教学目标,同时我能顺利完成教学的每一个环节。这就是我对本节课的理解,如有不足之处,请各位评委、老师指正。
一 、 根据课标要求,结合学生的实际,本课的设计理念是:本课以聆听《阳光下的孩子》作为导入,本课新授的内容是演唱少儿合唱曲《阳光牵着我的手》教学中以歌曲的情绪变化为主线展开一系列的听、唱、奏、创的活动在学习的过程中以学生对歌曲的初步演唱为主。最后的归纳总结环节让学生观看校园生活花絮背景音乐为《阳光牵着我的手》让学生在重温美好的校园时光同时考虑 如何做一个快乐的团结友爱的阳光少年既是对整堂课的一个提炼也体现了音乐课是生命快乐成长的摇篮。二 、 学情分析:农村小学中段的孩子在对音乐的感受和表现能力方面,能用自己的声音对它们进行模仿。能听辨不同情绪的音乐。基本掌握基础识读乐谱知识的能力,在课堂上能够看谱吹奏口琴,但在听辨单音及旋律音程方面还是有所欠缺,而且大部分同学缺乏初步的合唱经验,因此合唱教学上多采用律动、音乐游戏、歌唱表演等活动以及与 他人进行合作演唱二声部。以逐步增强孩子的合唱能力。
提问:结合课本找出城市地域结构模式的类型及各自特点,模式形成的因素又有哪些?学生回答,使其掌握基本模式及特点,通过对比,分析把握每一模式各自的特征,学会把握事物本质。◆设计意图:阅读课本,总结归纳,同时引导,通过原因规律的探究,大胆设想,总结规律掌握人文地理学习思路。4.活动设计:内部空间结构变化,结合实例,分析说明。提问:结合江宁区的变化,分析江宁区城市结构发生了哪些变化?结合课本24页活动题,提出功能结构布局方案?通过理论联系实际,让学生更好理解理论,掌握城市结构布局的变化及其影响因素,通过活动题方案的提出,学生能够掌握布局的规律性,解决问题。设计意图:理论联系实际,知识的不枯燥性,提高学生学习兴趣。同时,能够通过总结,深层次认识城市结构布局,活学活用。
师:在科学发展过程中,前一个理论体系的不完善之处,往往是新的研究和新的发现的突破口。开普勒之后,意大利天文学家伽利略创制了天文望远镜,用更加精确的观察继续发展和验证哥白尼创立的新天文学理论。除了用望远镜进行天文观察以外,伽利略还开始进行自然科学的实验研究,哪位同学能给大家讲一讲伽利略在比萨斜塔上所作的关于物体自由下落的实验?生:(讲述这一实验)师:所以,伽利略在科学方面更加重要的贡献是奠定了近代实验科学的基础。(2)实验科学和唯物主义师:伽利略从实践上开辟了实验科学的方法,而英国唯物主义哲学家培根则从理论上阐述了实验科学的方法——归纳法。培根和伽利略同被称为实验科学之父,培根还有一句影响深刻的名言:“知识就是力量”,表明了他注重知识,尊崇科学的精神。我们再来概括一下意大利哲学家布鲁诺的唯物主义思想,是否有同学可以简述布鲁诺的生平事迹?
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示时间。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示结果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示条件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示让步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非谓语动词作状语时, 如所提供的动词不能和句子中的主语保持一致, 动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语, 通常由名词或代词来担任, 这就是独立主格结构。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的逻辑主语是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
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