①从政府人员组成看,南京政府是一个以资产阶级革命派为主体的政府。②从政府颁发的法令和措施看,这些法令体现了资产阶级民主革命的要求,对于发展民族资本主义经济、资产阶级民主政治和文化教育以及改革社会风气,都起了积极作用。③从颁布的《中华民国临时约法》看,宪法体现了三权分立的政治体制,体现了资产阶级民主主义的要求,是中国历史上第一部资产阶级民主宪法,具有反封建专制制度的进步意义。(2)从南京临时政府的内外政策分析南京政府的根本弱点①未彻底地反封建。它没有采取比较彻底的反对封建主义的措施,特别是对封建统治的基础——地主阶级土地所有制没有触动,这样,南京临时政府也就不能真正地把广大人民群众动员起来,因而缺乏真正的群众基础。
【备课资料】百团大战八路军从8月20日起,在华北敌后出动105个团,约40万兵力,在2500公里长的战线上,发动了规模最大的“以彻底破坏正太路若干要隘,消灭部分敌人截断该线交通”为目的的举世闻名的“百团大战”。八路军提出“不留一根铁轨、不留一根枕木、不留一个车站、不留一个碉堡、不留一座桥梁”的口号,“让敌人用脚同我们赛跑”,“让敌人用牛驴搬炮弹、飞机大炮”。八路军展开攻坚战,端掉敌一系列据点。据有关资料记载,从8月20日到12月5日,在历时三个半月的“百四大战”中,我军共进行大小战斗1824次,毙伤日伪军25800余人,俘日伪军18600余人,缴获了大批武器、弹药和军用食品等;破坏铁路470多公里,公路1500多公里,桥梁、车站、隧道等260余处,使正太铁路停运月余;攻克日伪据点2993个,巩固和扩大了抗日军民占领区。
【合作探究】分析说明巴黎公社是无产阶级建立政权的第一次伟大尝试(1)从巴黎公社产生的情况来看,它是在巴黎无产阶级通过暴力革命,推翻反动的资产阶级政府的基础上,通过普选建立起的新型国家。(2)从巴黎公社的政权的领导人和阶级成分来看,通过民主选举产生的公社委员会的成员,大多数是工人,其中有些委员会虽然从事不同的职业,有的不是马克思主义者,但公认是公认阶级的代表。(3)从巴黎公社实行的政策措施来看,这是最能说明公社性质的一个方面。公社在建设新政权的同时,打碎资产阶级国家机器,做出建立无产阶级专政国家机器的伟大尝试。公社的社会经济措施和其他民主措施,都在一定程度上体现了它的无产阶级性质。没收逃亡资本家的工厂,触及资本主义私有制,具有明显的无产阶级性质。
1.知识与能力:(1)通过引导学生分析鉴赏19世纪以来有代表性的音乐与美术作品,了解这些作品产生的时代背景及其艺术价值。(2)通过分析世界艺术产生的历史背景,可以帮助学生正确认识人类文化的多样性、时代性和民族性,培养学生结合历史背景分析历史问题的能力。(3)通过对19世纪以来的音乐与美术史实的分析、综合、比较、归纳、概括等认知活动,培养历史思维和解决问题的能力。2.过程与方法:(1)让学生在搜集资料、自主探究、合作交流过程中,发展学生在社会中学习、网络学习、终身学习的能力。(2)通过上网了解艺术大师及分析鉴赏其各类美术、音乐作品,感受其艺术价值。 (3)思维方法:学会知识迁移,在从感知历史到不断积累历史知识,进而不断加深对历史和现实的理解过程中,提高分析理解问题能力。学会善于从不同的角度发现问题,积极探索解决问题的方法,从而做到论从史出、史论结合。
(2)、价值规律 教师总结:通过这一节的学习我们明白了一个道理:商品的价值量由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定,商品交换以价值量为基础实行等价交换。这一经济原则就叫做价值规律。受供求关系影响,商品价格围绕价值上下波动,是价值规律要求发生作用的具体表现。(3)、价格围绕价值上下波动是价值规律的表现形式(三)课堂总结、点评 本节内容讲述的主要知识如下:1、气候、时间、地域、生产、习俗等因素会改变供求关系状况,供求关系变化影响价格变动,形成卖方市场和买方市场。2、商品价格由价值决定,价值量与社会必要劳动时间成正比,与劳动生产率成反比。3、商品价格由价值决定,并受供求关系影响,在二者共同作用下形成市场价格。4、社会必要劳动时间决定商品价值量,商品交换以价值量为基础实行等价交换,是价值规律的基本内容,价格围绕价值上下波动是价值规律的表现形式。
教师点拨:这则材料说明,市场调节有其局限性,单纯的市场调节具有自发性、盲目性、滞后性等缺点。市场调节不是万能的。社会生活中有很多领域和产品不能用市场来调节,如国防、治安、消防等产品的供给问题,枪支弹药、麻醉品等都不能让市场来调节。市场调节具有自发性、盲目性、滞后性。自发性:由于市场调节是在价值规律自发作用下进行的,在利益驱动下会产生一些违反市场原则的行为,如制造、销售假冒伪劣商品,大量排放废水、废气破坏环境,窃取他人智力成果等等。盲目性:由于人们不可能完全掌握生产各方面信息及其变化趋势,致使决策带有一定的盲目性。如某种商品有利可图则一哄而上,反之则一哄而退,从而造成资源浪费和消费得不到充分满足。滞后性:由于市场价格的形成和传递有一个过程,一旦传递到生产经营者手中进行生产调整,就有一个时间差,致使市场调节带有滞后性,成为一种事后调节。
教师总结:近二十多年来,我国个人所得税的征收发展迅速,这也反映了我国经济水平、人民生活收入有了较大提高。与增值税的计税方法不同,个人所得税采用累进税率的计税办法,就是个人所得越高,税率越高,纳税人个人收入越多,缴纳个人所得税越多。这一特点从教材83页个人所得税税率表上可以看出。教师点拨:个人所得税的计算办法是分段计算的,个人收入800元以内不计税,多余800元以上部分,按不同税率分段计税。请同学们计算教材所列题目。学生活动:计算。应税所得额:4000元;不超过500元部分:25元;500――2000元部分:150元;2000――4000元部分:300元;累计所得税:475元教师活动:同学们想一想,这样计算个人所得税有什么意义呢?学生活动:认真思考,回答问题教师点拨:有利于增加财政收入,有利于调节个人收入分配,实现社会公平。(三)课堂总结、点评
教师:同学们想一想,这样缴税有什么好处呢?(可以避免对一个经营额重复征税,防止前一环节企业偷漏税,有利于促进生产的专业化和体现公平竞争,有利于财政收入稳定增长。)2.个人所得税个人所得税是国家对个人所得征收的税收。纳税人是在我国境内居住满一年,从我国境内外取得所得的个人,以及不在我国境内居住和居住不满一年,而从我国境内取得所得的个人。请大家看教材“相关链接”及有关图表,了解个人所得税有关征税项目、发展情况和计税办法。教师总结:近二十多年来,我国个人所得税的征收发展迅速,这也反映了我国经济水平、人民生活收入有了较大提 高。与增值税的计税方法不同,个人所得税采用超额累进税率的计税办法,就是个人所得越高,税率越高,纳税人个人收入越多,缴纳个人所得税越多。教师点拨:个人所得税的计算 办法是分段计算的,个人收入1600元以内不计税,多余1600元以上部分,按不同税率分段计税。请同学们计算教材所列题目。
二、做理智的消费者1、量入为出,适度消费2、避免盲从,理性消费3、保护环境,绿色消费4、勤俭节约,艰苦奋斗十、教学反思本课的设计采用了课前下发预习学案,学生预习本节内容,找出自己迷惑的地方。课堂上师生主要解决重点、难点、疑点、考点、探究点以及学生学习过程中易忘、易混点等,最后进行当堂检测,课后进行延伸拓展,以达到提高课堂效率的目的。这节课我们主要学习了影响人们消费的几种消费心理和几种科学的消费观。本节课与学生生活十分贴近所以这节课充分的调动了学生学习的兴趣和积极性,并且让学生针对案例进行充分的分组讨论分析,通过学生的展示分析和补充可以知道学生们不但深层次分析了教学原理也透彻理解了教学重难点大大提高了课堂效率.。通过案例的分析进一步领会了教材原理突破了本节课的难点——树立正确的消费观。整堂课学生求知旺盛,复杂的知识变得简单化,从阅读教材到独立思考分析再到合作讨论最后的展示质疑答疑,加深了印象,提高了能力。
(5)be to do (可以和具体的时间状语连用)①表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。②用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必须努力工作。(6)be about to do (不与具体的时间状语连用) 表示即将要发生的动作。We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。(7)一般现在时表将来①表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作。常限于表示位置移动的短暂性动词。②在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看时刻表,快点!4026次航班的起飞时间是下午6点20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下来的三天里,您可以在当地导游的陪同下,深入雨林进行探索,欣赏雨林特有的动植物。本句主体结构为spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸,仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合,即可稳固墙体。本句为so that引导的结果状语从句。nothing与the perfect fit为并列成分; other than在句中意为“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教学过程】Step1: 语法知识呈现定语从句(一)—关系代词的用法在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,说明事物的具体信息,从句位于被修饰词之后。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词指代先行词,并在定语从句中充当成分。关系词有两种:关系代词who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why。
【教材分析】高考听力材料的选用非常重视语言真实性和交际性的原则,语言材料一般来源于实际生活,对话的内容大都取材于日常生活,即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、天气、生活环境等话题,可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面,如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特点就是利用生活中真实文本,只是降低难度,让学生注重语言的应用,将是我们高考把握方向的重要因素。【教学目标与核心素养】学习能力目标:在听力当中,学生应该有效规划学习方法,选择恰当的策略与方法。这节课的训练目标是让学生有正确的预测和抓住问题的关键信息,从而用心去听来找寻关键信息。根据生活中实际情况和高考常见语境,我们不难发现提前预测和抓住题干中的w很重要,即what, where, when, why等等。
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring, ask, hand, offer, give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等;基本句型 五S +V + O + OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 判断原则:能表达成—宾语 是…/做…注:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:He considers himself an expert on the subject.他认为自己是这门学科的专家。We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室清洁。I had my bike stolen.我的自行车被偷了。We invited him to come to our school.我们邀请他来我们学校。I beg you to keep secret what we talked here.我求你对这里所谈的话保密。用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.
教学目标知识目标:让学生更好理解如何恰当地写一个人的信息介绍,并能让学生熟练地使用一些写作技能。能力目标:培养学生的写作能力和团队协作能力。情感目标:提升学生对写作的兴趣。教学重难点 教学重点:如何能让学生更好地理解个人信息介绍。教学难点:如何能让学生通过适当地使用一些写作技能来写一篇较好的个人信息介绍。教学准备 多媒体、黑板、粉笔一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本节语法思考:定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么? 关系词有哪些?定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词。他们在先行词和定语从句之间起到联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分。被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.