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人教版新课标小学数学五年级上册小数乘法教案
教学内容：整数乘法运算定律推广到小数乘法 (P.12页例8和“做一做”，练习二第2题。)教学要求： 使学生理解整数乘法的运算定律对于小数同样适用，并会运用乘法的运算定律进行一些小数的简便计算。教学重点： 乘法运算定律中数(包括整数和小数)的适用范围。教学难点： 运用乘法的运算定律进行小数乘法的的简便运算。教学用具：投影片若干张。教学过程：一、激发：1、计算：25×95×4 25×32 4×48+6×48 102×562、在整数乘法中我们已学过哪些运算定律？请用字母表示出来。根据学生的回答，板书：乘法交换律 ab=ba乘法结合律 a(bc)＝(ab)c乘法分配律 a(b+c)=ab+ac2、让学生举例说明怎样应用这些定律使计算简便。(注意学生举例时所用的数。)3、出示教材P.9页的3组算式:下面每组算式左右两边的结果相等吗？
人教版新课标PEP小学英语三年级下册Welcome back to school教案
教学过程：1．热身/复习（Warm-up/Revision）（1）教师用肢体语言表示出字母，让学生猜出字母，并大声读出。（2）出示字母卡，学生认读，并提问学生回忆以它开头的单词。（3）放A部分Let’s chant的录音，学生有节奏地跟唱歌谣。2．新课展示（Presentation）（1）出示字母卡学习Dd,再单独呈现大写或小写，反复教读。用同样方法教读Ee。（2）出示以这两个字母为首字母的单词图片,问学生：What’s this ？回答：It’s a duck .教读duck,dog,egg,elephant。注意egg是an egg，不是“a egg”.（3）放Let’s say部分的录音，学生跟读。3．趣味操练（Practice）（1）呈现大写或小写字母的趣味图片，让学生认读。（2）让学生发挥想象，说出这些字母 像什么。（3）教师按笔顺书写字母，让学生观察后按笔顺书写字母。（4）游戏：找朋友游戏：看谁站得快学生手执卡片，听教师发令后，产成一排，下面的学生边读边检查。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语四年级下册How Much Is It教案
一 教材分析本课时的主要语言项目是能够听说认读本课主要单词：colourful pretty cheap expensive并能运用句子：Its cheap/pretty/expensive/colourful.来描述价格和颜色。教材在Lets learn部分设计了一个小姑娘和妈妈谈论衣服的价格和款式的故事情景。在故事情境中自然的呈现了colourful pretty cheap expensive等词。通过小姑娘的话直观的引出了本课时的重点句型。Lets chant部分是给孩子提供了一个说一说的机会，让孩子在说一说中体会和巩固本单元的主要句型。二 教法建议1、本课时的语言项目可以和第三单元谈论衣物及第四单元描述天气两个话题话题很好的结合起来，教师在教学中可以从已学过的入手，在复习的过程总引入本课时的新知识，使孩子能把学过的语言结合起来进行运用。 2、学习Lets learn部分形容词colourful pretty cheap expensive时，教师让孩子看挂图或是尽量给孩子提供直观教具，让孩子对词汇有一个形象直观的感受。然后在教师和交流中自然的引出本课时的主句型Its cheap/pretty/expensive/colourful.来
人教版新课标PEP小学英语四年级下册What Time Is It教案
2. 看图片或课件，回答理解性问题，并通过情景、动作等帮助学生理解hurry, ready 和oops的意义，可适当进行造句练习加以巩固，并注意对两个句型：“It’s time for ...”和“It’s time to ...”加以比较。听录音，然后跟读、模仿。分角色朗读和分角色表演。（三）趣味操练 （Practice）1．调查：设计一个调查表，然后调查五名学生或教师的作息时间，在四人小组中进行交流。鼓励学生用新句型“It’s time to ...”来表述。2．Let’s check教师连续播放三次录音。第一遍让学生先听录音，第二遍勾出与录音内容相符的一项，第三遍检查并核对答案。教师引导学生自我评价。（四）扩展性活动（Add-activities）1．做本单元B部分Let’s talk的活动手册配套练习。2．将本课时对话读给同伴、朋友或家长听。3．用英语向好朋友介绍自己的作息时间表。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语四年级下册Is This Your Skirt教案
【教学过程】热身／复习（Warm-up/Revision）free talkWhat color do you like?What color is your /…?Let’s chantB部分的Let’s chant.的歌谣，边说边出示单词。（二）呈现新课 （Presentation）观看Let’s learn部分录像，理解情景。教师带读生词，让孩子认读。小组比赛拼读，抽查孩子的拼读。两人一小组，一个拼，一个写。单词的抄写练习。出示句子的句卡，让孩子试读，教师提示学生注意第一个单词第一个字母大写，提示孩子注意标点和占格。模仿课文内容，学生自己设计对话，进行表演。（三）趣味操练 （Practice）拼一拼，猜一猜教师拼一个单词，让孩子迅速说出词孩子小组做游戏听一听，拼一拼每个小组一套字母卡片，请一个孩子说词，小组拼，比比谁最快。Pass the message教师分别给每个小组一张句卡，“What color is it? ”各小组抄写传到最后一名同学，写出答案。(四) 扩展性活动（Add-activities）设计你心目中的时装：每个孩子设计一套衣服，给自己的娃娃穿上，然后运用本单元学过的句子进行介绍。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语四年级下册It’s Warm Today教案
1、Read and Write部分的课件及录音。 2、Pronunciation部部分的录音。 3、单词卡片：sunny，warm，cold，snowy，cool，cold, cloudy, hot, rainy, windy。 【教学过程 】 （一）热身、复习 (Warm-up/Revision) 出示单词卡：warm，hot，cool，cold，rainy，snowy，windy，sunny，cloudy，学生集体朗读。 请学生打开书P52，看记录回答教师问题： 教师提问：What’s the weather like in Beijing? What’s the weather like in Shanghai? 请4位学生分别提问Harbin，Lhasa，Urumqi，Hongkong的天气，大家回答。 请学生朗读P51对话后的句子：It’s cool. 在本上认真书写句子It’s cool. 教师要巡视检查。 （二）呈现新课 （Presentation） A. Lead-in 请学生继续看记录，教师提问： Is it warm in Beijing？ Is it snowy in Harbin？ Is it cool in Shanghai？ Is it windy in Lhasa？ Is it cold in Urumqi？ Is it hot in Hong Kong？ 引导学生根据记录用Yes, it is. 或No, it isn’t. 回答。 请学生用Is it…?分别猜一猜London，Sydney，Singapore，Moscow的天气，教师前一天根据天气预报情况用Yes, it is. 或No, it isn’t. 回答学生的提问。 请学生朗读P51对话后的句子：Is it cold？并说出意思。 学生在本上规范书写句子Is it cold？教师提示学生注意标点是？。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级上册In a Nature Park教案
（３） 听录音，跟读。（４） 同桌之间，进行对话替换操练，然后先几组在班上说一说。（５） 听Let’s check.教师放录音。录音原文如下：Is there a lake in the nature Park?No, there is a river. The water is very clean.Are there any tall buildings in your village?No, there aren’t. There are only small houses.Is there a forest near your village? Yes, there is. There are many beautiful trees. Are there any bridges over the river? Yes, there are two bridges.巩固延伸：做配套练习；做“你猜我答”游戏；做Task time任务第六课时教学设计教学目标与要求：１、 能够听说读写本课句型及单词。２、 能用“There be…”句型介绍山村并描述其特征。教学重、难点：重点掌握句型的书写难点：单词的复数。课前准备：词卡、录音机、录音带教学过程：１、 热身（１） 日常口语练习。（２） 放录音，让学生跟着录音说唱。２、 预习做“拼单词”游戏。３、 新授Read and write（１） 看图，说：There are two pictures. What’s in the pictures? Listen.教师放录音，学生边听边阅读。（２） 学生就不懂的地方提问，教师解答。（３） 放录音，然后指导学生完成练习。（４） 指导学生书写四会句子。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级上册My Days of the Week教案
１、 热身日常口语练习。２、 预习引导学生使用第四课时学过的单词和句型：What do you do on Saturdays? I often do my homework .并结合周末活动的照片复习四会单词和词组，为本课时对话的学习做好准备。３、 新课呈现Let’s try （１）在预习部分操练新词组之后，教师可询问学生的周末安排，然后出示本课时Let’s try部分的挂图，让学生根据挂图说一说这些人物的周末活动，将听与说相结合，适当减缓Let’s try 听力练习的难度。听录音，完成听音圈图的练习。Let’s talk （１）在部分听觉感知新句型的基础上，教师让学生看挂图听录音。（２）跟读对话。Pair work 朗读对话之后，让学生结合自己的实际情况在同桌之间结对交流。Let’s check 播放录音，让学生按照录音内容做练习。第六课时教学设计教学内容：B Read and write Group work C Task time教学目标：能听懂、会说：并能在情景中运用。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级下册Look at the Monkeys教案
教学参考时间：5分钟（1）教师课前在教室里藏好一些动物和人物的图片。（2）给全班学生一分钟时间寻找。（3）请找到图片的学生根据图片上的人物或动物正在做的动作表演对话。活动七：猜一猜教学参考时间：5分钟（1）教师一只手拿一张图片，另一只手用白纸遮住图片，一边慢慢抽动白纸，一边问：What are the…s doing? 学生用They are…猜图片中的内容。（2）猜对的学生上台主持游戏。（3）教师也可以在白纸上剪几个圆洞盖在图片上，慢慢移动白纸的位置让学生猜白纸下面图片的内容。（4）也可以分组利用词卡做该游戏。4、Consolidation and extension （巩固与扩展）活动八：练一练教学参考时间：5分钟（1）活动手册Ask and write. 让学生看一看两个表格，找规律做问答，然后再把表格中所缺单词写出来。（2）活动手册Let’s find out.让学生仔细观察两幅图找出不同的地方，并用英语表达出来。活动九：小结教学参考时间：1分钟本课我们学习了如何询问他、她、它们正在做什么What are they doing? 及回答：They are…5、板书
人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级下册How Tall Are You教案
（1）呈现猴子图片,初步接触知识.教师在发指令时,加入 Touch your tail.当学生觉得茫然时,老师趁机出示课件(一只猴子)Look,We have no tails,but the monkey has.Look at the monkey,How long is the tail?在课件上呈现数据38cm.学生回答:Its tail is38cm long.根据教材内容教师提问:How tall is the monkey?学生:It’s 40cm tall.老师自己引出only一词,注意这个词的发音.多媒体再出示两只猴子的图片,一只黄色,一只棕色,让学生加以比较.教师问:Which monkey do you like?The yellow one or the brown one?【设计思路】 学生在回答这些问题时,也同时在复习前两课时所学内容,起到知识循环的作用.（2）猜一猜游戏:它们有多高?让学生猜一猜这两只猴子的身高.注意提示学生用上I think….这一句型,表示自己的猜测.在这里也可安排一个竞赛,看谁能猜中正确数据,教师让一些学生猜后出示数据.【设计思路】 学生对有悬念的东西都特别感兴趣,在此不仅练习了两位数的读法,又满足了学生的好胜心理.
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级下册Recycle1教案（内容详细）
学生搜集中外重要节日及部分中外名人的生日所在的月份。教师准备相关节日及部分中外名人的图片或音像资料片。教师课前准备Let’s find out2的配图画好春、夏、秋、冬四个方框。录音：Listen and number。教学过程：Warm up （热身）活动一复习单词教学参考时间：3分钟（1）教师播放Let’s chant部分的歌谣，学生听一遍后跟唱。（2）出示带有各个月份特征的单词卡片。学生看图说出单词，并一起拼读其缩写形式。帮助学生在有节奏的说唱中巩固记忆单词，为在后面活动中学生能够熟练应用作铺垫。活动二 复习句子教学参考时间：5分钟（1）师生同唱Let’s chant部分歌谣“When Is Your Birthday？”。（2）教师引导学生看歌谣下面的翻滚过山车的动画，师生进行问答，如：When is the rabbit’s birthday？ It’s in May. 等。教师示范后请学生进行Pair work，也可以展开竞赛的形式进行“连锁问答”。巩固有关生日问答的语句，为Let’s find out1的活动做准备。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语五年级下册This Is My Day教案
学生初步了解对话内容，在描述中培养学生的语言运用能力。（2）教师让学生自己阅读本部分对话，不理解的生词和句子可以和同学或老师共同商讨。（3）教师帮助学生理解句子：“The weather report says it’s going to rain tomorrow. I can’t play football in the rain. I can’t go hiking, either. Let’s watch TV together.”出示图片：1） 晴天，Zoom在踢足球，图下显示：today；2）天在下雨，Zoom和Zip在屋里看电视，图下显示：tomorrow。与学生展开对话T：What’s the weather like today? S：It’s fine/ sunny. T：What does the weather report say about tomorrow？S：It’s going to rain.T：The weather report says it’s going to rain tomorrow.(呈现句子)（学生重复句子The weather report says it’s going to rain tomorrow.，并说出意思。）T：Can you play football in the rain？S：No，I can’t.T：Can you go hiking ？S：No，I can’t.T：In the rain, we can’t play football. We can’t go hiking, either. （呈现：either）学生跟读either，感悟单词的用法，教师讲解意思：（不......），也不...启发学生用either说两句话：In the rain, I can’t ... I can’t ..., either，从而在应用中巩固单词的读音和用法。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级上册What Are You Going to Do教案
1．热身(Warm-up) (1)全班一起吟唱Let’s chant的歌谣。 (2)单词拼写竞赛 要拼写的单词包括：this morning／afternoon／evening，next week，newspaper， postcard等。可采取小组合作的“接龙式”拼写形式；也可以选取组内一名学生拼写全部单词。拼出单词最快最多的组获胜。 (3)教师出示简明地图，师生问答如下： r：What shop is it? s：It’s a bookstore． r：What can you buy in the bookstore? s：… 在学生回答各商店所出售的物品时，教师根据其回答贴出物品的小卡片，如： Fruit stand：orange，apple，pear，banana…．Shoe store：sneakers，sandals，boots…．(此时可引导学生说“a pair of sneakers／boots’’等) 2．预习(Preview) Let’s try 教师指着地图中的商店及各商店所出售的物品说：Look!There are so many stores and so many goods．Let’s listen to the tape and find out：①Where is Sarah going? ②What is she going to buy? ③Who is she going with? 教师放三遍Let’s try部分的录音，以上问题可根据学生的实际情况分三次提出，直到多数学生能回答并能将前两项答案填人教师课前画出的表格中。在填表过程中，教师请学生一起拼写其中的四会单词，如：bookstore，comic book。
人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级下册What’s the Matter, Mike教案
回答：She’s sad. She failed the math test.并板书：fail the math test。准备一张很糟的数学试卷，是学生了解语意。进一步教学其他短语a Chinese test, a English test，并 让学生了解pass the Chinese test, pass the English test, pass the math test. （4）教师请学生扮演Sarah，师生对话如下： T: Hello! Sarah, how are you? You look sad today. Sarah: Yes, I failed the math test. 教师接着说：I’m sorry to hear that.让学生理解意思。并引申出句子：I’m glad to hear that.让学生分角色朗读对话。 （5）Let’s check.让学生看Sarah的表情，并读两篇对话，选出正确的答案。 （6）活动名称：心理医生 活动目的：操练句型“How are you? You look…”.学生间自由组合编排对话.通过对话对学生展开情感教学，让学生理解健康的体魄和愉悦的心情的心情是一个人成功的重要因素，使学生形成良好的心理健康状态。 活动过程：A: How are you? You look bored today. B: Yes. I failed my math test. A: I’m sorry to hear that. Believe yourself. Work hard. You can pass the text next time. （7）活动名称：难忘时刻 活动目的：围绕照片上的表情展开询问和讨论.操练句型 “How do you feel? How does she/he feel?
人教版新课标PEP小学英语六年级上册The Story of Rain教案
(2)教师说：“I am going to plant a flower on the weekend．But I don’t know hoⅥ do that．Can you tell me? Who knows?”教师提示学生可以适当用中文解释。如果有学生举手，教师就问：“OK．How d0 you do that?”引导学生回答。“First，put the seeds in the soil．”然后，教师接着说：“What should I do then? 引导学生回答“Water it． (3)教师说：“Zhang Peng is talking to h is teacher．Now Let’s see what they talking about．”学生翻开学生用书，教师放录音，学生跟读。教师解释In several days的意思是几天以后。”教师板书四会句型：How do you do that? What should you do then?学生仿写。 (4)同桌学生进行对话替换操练，可以谈论西瓜(watermelon)、小麦(wheat)等植物的种植过程。然后选几组在班上表演对话。 (5)教师指导学生运用主句型编对话。以下对话供参考： A：How do you clean the classroom? B：First．sweep the floor． A：What should you do after that? B：Then clean the desks and chairs．wash the windows． 4．巩固和延伸(Consolidation and extension) (1)做本单元B Let’s talk部分的活动手册配套练习。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading for Writing教学设计
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading and Thinking教学设计
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案：1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
人教版高中生物必修1物质跨膜运输的方式说课稿
(4)提出问题:三种运输方式有哪些异同 组织学生分析填表,反馈和纠正.提出问题:影响自由扩散,协助扩散和主动运输速度的主要因素各是什么 画出细胞对某物的自由扩散,协助扩散和主动运输速度随细胞外浓度的改变而变化的曲线图组织学生分组讨论,并作图,展示各组的成果.教学说明:本环节巩固理论知识是对课本知识扩展和对重点,难点内容的深入理解和总结,只有理解了三种运输方式的异同,才能完成本环节教学任务,既突显书本知识,又培养学生的团结协作的精神,提高学生制做图表的能力和抽象化思维能力的形成.2.大分子的运输引导学生回忆分泌蛋白的分泌过程,得出胞吐现象,提出问题:那大家知道白细胞是如何吃掉病菌的吗 显示有关图片.强调:胞吞和胞吐作用都需要能量提出问题:胞吞和胞吐体现了细胞膜结构的特点是什么 与书本前面知识相联系.(四)技能训练指导学生就《技能训练》部分进行讨论五,反馈练习1.教师小结几种运输方式,特别是自由扩散,协助扩散和主动运输的特点
