【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教学过程】Step1: 语法自主探究一、基本组成方法1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你经常打羽毛球,是吗?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是吗?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去过上海,是吗?2.否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花,是吗?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰,是吗?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他们不能在星期五之前完成,是吗?
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
气候变化对健康的影响 气候变化对人体健康的不良影响是不难发现的:热浪冲击频繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特别是心脏呼吸系统疾病发病率增加;对气候变化敏感的传染性疾病如疟疾和登革热的传播范围可能增加。极端气候事件, 如干旱、水灾、暴风雨等, 使死亡率、伤残率及传染病疾病率上升, 并增加社会心理压力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能与气候变化有间接的关系, 如疟疾是通过蚊子传播的疾病,气候变化可能使某些变暖地区的蚊子数目增加, 从而加重了疟疾的发生。我国1994年疟疾的发病率为5.3408/10万, 居全国法定传染病的第六位。血吸虫病的发展与高温及灌溉系统的扩增有关。我国1994年南方12省市血吸虫病患者的检出率高达3.67%,不能忽视气候变化对此的可能影响。还有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革热、黑热病等也有与气候关系的报道。另外, CO2、一些空气污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加过敏疾患及心脏呼吸系统疾病和死亡。
我们将三球仪中的月球放在地球和太阳之间时,对照“月相成因图”,它的暗面完全对着地球,而被太阳照亮的一面正对着太阳,我们看不到月亮,这时正是农历初一,被称为“新月”。又称为“朔”。 过了新月,月亮被照亮的部分慢慢地转向地球。当它从太阳的光辉中出现时,便出现了一丝蛾眉的弯月,此时为农历的初三、初四,因其形似蛾眉,被称为“蛾眉月”。此后,被太阳光照亮的部分越来越多地转向地球,当有一半亮面和一半暗面都对着地球时,明亮部分和黑暗部分的界线似乎像一张弓中没有拉动的弦。此时是夏历初七、初八,称为“上弦月”。这时月亮很明亮,有时在白天也能看见。在往后,月亮明亮部分越来越增大,当它转到与新月正好相反时,被太阳照亮的部分全都对着地球,看起来月亮就似一轮圆月,此时正是 农历十五、十六、十七,称为“满月”,又称为“望”。
教学过程【导入新课】在太阳系中,九大行星就好像一个家庭中的九个兄弟,有许多共性,今天,我们就一起来了解九大行星在运动特征和结构特征上的共同之处。【板书】3.九大行星的运动特征和结构特征【启发引导】请同学们一起阅读地图册上的“太阳系模式图”,读图分析:(1)九大行星在公转的方向、轨道等方面有什么共性?(2)图中符号“i”、“e”代表什么意思?这两组数字能说明什么问题?九大行星公转的方向相同,均为自西向东转,我们称为同向性。符号“i”表示轨道倾角。(简介黄道、黄道面、轨道倾角)各大 行星的轨道倾角都很小,只有水星和冥王星的大一些,最大也不过17°,说明九大行星的公转轨道近似在同一个平面上,我们称之为共面性。符号“e”代表公转轨道椭圆的偏心率,即焦点到椭圆中心的距离与椭圆半长轴之比,它决定椭圆的形状。偏心率越小,越趋向于圆,当偏心率为0时,轨道就是圆。
创设情境、激发兴趣(5分钟)教师:(锁住屏幕)月相变化与我们人类关系十 分密切。美国著名总统林肯在年轻时担任律师期间曾利用月相变化规律,为当事人进行了成功的辩护,赢得了人们的尊重。月相变化是怎样变化的?月相变化有什么规律,这就是我们今天学习内容。(边演示 学习软件边介绍)我们今天学习主要有三个任务,其中学习任务一要注意在空格中填写农历日期,不认识有关月相的请参照下面的相关学习软件。 完成学习任务二时要注意运用学习软件,首先点击月相,观察日地与月地连线的关系,再观察月亮出没时间现太阳的关系。如满月时,日地与月地连线成1800夹角,当太阳从东方升起时,月亮从西方落下(6时);当太阳从西方落下时,月亮从东方升起 (18时)。满月可见时间是18时到第二天6时。学习任务三请你先判 断图中月相是否正确,如果不正确,请把你认为正确的月相拖到图中适当位置。下面请你们开始学习。
【概括】天体是在不断的运动着的。运动着的天体互相吸引和互相绕转,从而形成天体系统。【板书】四、天体系统【启发】天体系统有大有小,大的天体系统又可包含许多小的天体系统。刚才同学们提到的三个天体系统之间是如何包含的呢?(银河系含太阳系,太阳系含地月系)【挂图讲解】地月系只有两个天体,地球和月球,它们之间的平均距离为384401千米;太阳系则包括太阳、九大行星、数十颗卫星及其它天体,整个太阳系的直径至少100亿千米以上;而银河系则拥有2000多亿颗太阳恒星及恒星系统,包括了我 们用肉眼能看到的所有恒星,其主体部分的直径达7万光年,太阳就处于距银河系中心2.3万光年的位置上。【讲解】银河系已如此庞大,是否 就是最大的天体系统呢?是否就是我们的宇宙呢?还远远不是。利用天文望远镜,我们可以观测到在银河系之外,还有约10亿个类似的天体系统,它们被统称为河外星系。
4.写出下列随机变量可能取的值,并说明随机变量所取的值表示的随机试验的结果.(1)一个袋中装有8个红球,3个白球,从中任取5个球,其中所含白球的个数为X.(2)一个袋中有5个同样大小的黑球,编号为1,2,3,4,5,从中任取3个球,取出的球的最大号码记为X.(3). 在本例(1)条件下,规定取出一个红球赢2元,而每取出一个白球输1元,以ξ表示赢得的钱数,结果如何?[解] (1)X可取0,1,2,3.X=0表示取5个球全是红球;X=1表示取1个白球,4个红球;X=2表示取2个白球,3个红球;X=3表示取3个白球,2个红球.(2)X可取3,4,5.X=3表示取出的球编号为1,2,3;X=4表示取出的球编号为1,2,4;1,3,4或2,3,4.X=5表示取出的球编号为1,2,5;1,3,5;1,4,5;2,3,5;2,4,5或3,4,5.(3) ξ=10表示取5个球全是红球;ξ=7表示取1个白球,4个红球;ξ=4表示取2个白球,3个红球;ξ=1表示取3个白球,2个红球.
探究点三:列一元一次方程解应用题某单位计划“五一”期间组织职工到东湖旅游,如果单独租用40座的客车若干辆则刚好坐满;如果租用50座的客车则可以少租一辆,并且有40个剩余座位.(1)该单位参加旅游的职工有多少人?(2)如同时租用这两种客车若干辆,问有无可能使每辆车刚好坐满?如有可能,两种车各租多少辆?(此问可只写结果,不写分析过程)解析:(1)先设该单位参加旅游的职工有x人,利用人数不变,车的辆数相差1,可列出一元一次方程求解;(2)可根据租用两种汽车时,利用假设一种车的数量,进而得出另一种车的数量求出即可.解:(1)设该单位参加旅游的职工有x人,由题意得方程x40-x+4050=1,解得x=360,答:该单位参加旅游的职工有360人;(2)有可能,因为租用4辆40座的客车、4辆50座的客车刚好可以坐360人,正好坐满.方法总结:解题关键是要读懂题目的意思,根据题目给出的条件,找出合适的等量关系,列出方程再求解.
判断下面抽样调查选取样本的方法是否合适:(1)检查某啤酒厂即将出厂的啤酒质量情况,先随机抽取若干箱(捆),再在抽取的每箱(捆)中,随机抽取1~2瓶检查;(2)通过网上问卷调查方式,了解百姓对央视春节晚会的评价;(3)调查某市中小学生学习负担的状况,在该市每所小学的每个班级选取一名学生,进行问卷调查;(4)教育部为了调查中小学乱收费情况,调查了某市所有中小学生.解析:本题应看样本是否为简单随机样本,是否具有代表性.解:(1)合适,这是一种随机抽样的方法,样本为简单随机样本.(2)不合适,我国农村人口众多,多数农民是不上网的,所以调查的对象在总体中不具有代表性.(3)不合适,选取的样本中个体太少.(4)不合适,样本虽然足够大,但遗漏了其他城市里的这些群体,应在全国范围内分层选取样本,除了上述原因外,每班的学生全部作为样本是没有必要的.
解析:当截面与轴截面平行时,得到的截面的形状为长方形;当截面与轴截面斜交时,得到的截面的形状是椭圆;当截面与轴截面垂直时,得到的截面的形状是圆,所以截面的形状不可能是三角形.故选A.方法总结:用平面去截圆柱时,常见的截面有圆、椭圆、长方形、类似于梯形、类似于拱形等.探究点三:截圆锥问题一竖直平面经过圆锥的顶点截圆锥,所得到的截面形状与下图中相同的是()解析:经过圆锥顶点的平面与圆锥的侧面和底面截得的都是一条线.如图,由图可知得到的截面是一个等腰三角形.故选B.方法总结:用平面去截圆锥,截面的形状可能是三角形、圆、椭圆等.三、板书设计教学过程中,强调学生自主探索和合作交流,经历操作、抽象、归纳、积累等思维过程,从中获得数学知识与技能,发展空间观念和动手操作能力,同时升华学生的情感态度和价值观.
解:设每张300元的门票买了x张,则每张400元的门票买了(8-x)张,由题意得300x+400×(8-x)=2700,解得x=5,∴买400元每张的门票张数为8-5=3(张).答:每张300元的门票买了5张,每张400元的门票买了3张.方法总结:解题的关键是熟练掌握列方程解应用题的一般步骤:①根据题意找出等量关系;②列出方程;③解方程;④作答.三、板书设计本节课的教学先让学生回顾上一节所学的知识,复习巩固方程的解法,让学生进一步明白解方程的步骤是逐渐发展的,后面的步骤是在前面步骤的基础上发展而成的.然后通过一个实际问题,列出一个有括号的方程,大胆放手让学生去探索、猜想各种解法,去尝试各种解题的途径,启发学生在化归思想影响下想到要去括号.
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