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北师大初中数学九年级上册几何问题及数字问题与一元二次方程1教案

  • 人音版小学音乐一年级下可爱的小象说课稿

    人音版小学音乐一年级下可爱的小象说课稿

    师:现在请同学们跟着老师一起朗读歌词。师:我要请两位同学上来,一位同学扮演小朋友,另一位小朋友扮演小象,为我们朗读一次歌词,谁愿意来?学生扮演角色朗读歌词师:你们觉得他们演得好吗?能得多少分?请学生评价,教师总结。(三)编创动作表现歌曲师:如果能加上动作就更好了,现在我们一起来开动脑筋,为这首歌编创动作。在教师的引导下,一句句为歌曲编创动作(四)听唱法学唱歌曲师:我们学会了歌词,还编了动作,当更要学会唱,请同学们跟着老师的琴声学唱歌曲。学生学唱,然后由学生跟着音乐表演歌曲(五)对唱法表演歌曲师:现在我们请1、2组同学扮演小象,3、4组的同学来问小象,我们分角色来表演歌曲。 学生先在原位上演练一遍,然后全体起立,相对而立,表演歌曲。教师作出评价和肯定。三、总结师:今天我们学到了什么学生回答师:今天,我们学习了小象的知识,知道了要与小象成为好朋友,要保护小象和其它动物,学会了表演歌曲《可爱的小象》。

  • 人音版小学音乐一年级下牧童短笛说课稿

    人音版小学音乐一年级下牧童短笛说课稿

    该作品是一首带再现的单三部曲式结构,我通过分别播放两段乐曲旋律,引导学生进行对比欣赏,感受两个乐段的旋律的相似之处,充分了解带再现乐曲的主要结构及乐曲情感上的变化特征。第四环节:培养学生创造能力通过分小组合作的形式,为第一乐段的旋律编配合适的舞蹈动作,引导学生充分的感受音乐、欣赏音乐,并且培养学生独立的创造思维与团队的合作意识。第五环节:自评、互评的评价方法该课的教学评价以鼓励和赞赏为主,引导学生在教师的鼓舞下,发挥独立的思维创造能力、培养积极乐观的生活态度与表现能力,主要是通过能否主动的参与小组合作、能否充分表达自己对乐曲的理解,能否主动表达自己对于乐曲的强烈感受等方面来进行评价。以上就是对本课内容的具体阐述,谢谢各位评委老师。以上就是教师招聘《牧童短笛》说课稿,希望能对考生有所帮助。

  • 高中历史人教版必修一《第22课祖国统一大业(简案)》说课稿

    高中历史人教版必修一《第22课祖国统一大业(简案)》说课稿

    情景导入:......运用情景营造气氛,激发学生的求知欲望,帮助学生联系现实问题,学习历史,拉近历史与现实的距离,引导学生关注时政热点,关心国家大事。自主学习:组织学生阅读课文,老师参与学生阅读活动并板书知识结构。通过学生自主学习,培养学生自学能力,为进一步好好学习打下基础。交流学习:学生自学以后,老师引导学生相互交流自学成果,学生自主提出问题,相互解答,从而达到生生互动、师生互动,在互动中学习,共同提高

  • 高中历史人教版必修一《第22课祖国统一大业》说课稿

    高中历史人教版必修一《第22课祖国统一大业》说课稿

    1、教材分析 本课选自普通高中课程标准实验教材,人民教育出版社历史必修(1),第六单元:现代中国的政治建设与祖国统一,第22课——祖国统一大业。祖国统一始终是中国人民的共同夙愿。本课内容主要叙述了“一国两制”的伟大构想,为完成祖国统一大业提出了一个创造性的指导方针。香港、澳门的回归,是“一国两制” 伟大构想的成功实践。在“一国两制”方针指导下,海峡两岸实现了一次历史性的突破。揭示了“一国两制” 的构想,对推动完成祖国完全统一大业,实现中华民族伟大复兴具有现实指导意义。 2、学情分析通过调查知道,学生对本节的基本史实有一定了解。但是,高一新生习惯于知识的记忆和教师的讲解,不能深入分析历史现象的内涵和外延;不能进一步探究事物的因果关系和理解事物的本质;并且需要进一步拓展思维的广度和深度,实现从一维目标到三维目标的飞跃。

  • 半年个人工作总结如何写出“花”

    半年个人工作总结如何写出“花”

    其实,半年工作总结没那么难写,写出“花”也没那么高不可攀。如果工作真的很出色,不用过多“装饰”,直接摆出成绩,就可以亮瞎别人眼。比如上半年工作得到上级领导肯定性批示,在中央级媒体刊发介绍经验,在全国荣获先进,得到群众高度认可等等。当然,大多单位不可能有那么多荣誉,怎么办?这就要用心找。比如分析一下半年数据,是不是比去年同期有大幅提升。看看获得的荣誉,看有没有中央、省等荣誉。看特色,有没有工作得到领导高度认可等,群众高度称赞。只要用“心”挖,一定会写出一篇有特点的半年工作总结。3.半年工作总结想写出“花,需要你有“才”。工作有了“料”,用“心”发现了“亮点”,可是没有“才”,最终还是不能写出一篇有“花”的半年工作总结。这里“才”简单来说,就是要有“写作”能力,有亮点能概括,有想法能写得出来等等。总之,想要写好半年工作总结需要“料、心、才”具备才行。

  • 诚信话题学生发言材料

    诚信话题学生发言材料

    诚信不仅仅局限于诚实,它上升到一定高度便是正义、忠直的化身了。  姜焕文只是一个每月仅领700元的企业退休金的普通人,但他以举报为业,从1996年至今的12年间,他一共举报了3000多起案件,得罪了不少人。为逃避报复追杀,他长年累月四处漂泊。但由于他对正义的坚持,为国家挽回经济损失数千万元,被称为“中国第一职业举报人”!

  • 主题教育开展情况阶段性工作总结经验汇报报告汇编含第二批12篇

    主题教育开展情况阶段性工作总结经验汇报报告汇编含第二批12篇

    市政协D组坚持用好“第一议题”制度,学深悟透新时代D的创新理论,学出忠诚信仰、学出使命担当、学出本领素养,坚定不移把“两个确立”真正转化为坚决做到“两个维护”的思想自觉、政治自觉、行动自觉。机关干部坚持每天自学x个小时,D组坚持每周开展x次“集中学习+研讨交流”,以《著作选读》等为重点,常态化开展“书香政协——委员邀您共读书”活动,以真学真懂真信真用推动主题教育往深里走、实里走、心里走。xx示范区D工委针对不同层级、不同领域、不同对象,强化分类指导、突出精准施策,将辖区xxx个基层D组织xxxx名D员全部纳入清单化、表格化管理。立足机关、村社区、中小学校、公立医院、国有企业、非公经济组织和社会组织实际,制定工作计划,精心组织分类指导。成立联络组,按照“县级领导联片、科级领导联村、驻村干部负责”机制,层层压实责任,层层传导压力,确保主题教育走深走实。

  • XX-XX学年第1学期第14周国旗下讲话稿:“八礼四仪”教育

    XX-XX学年第1学期第14周国旗下讲话稿:“八礼四仪”教育

    老师们,同学们,大家上午好!今天我国旗下讲话的主题是:学“八礼四仪”,让文明传承。全国都在开展文明礼仪养成教育,强调要突出抓好未成年人的“八礼四仪”,具体包括仪表之礼、餐饮之礼、言谈之礼、待人之礼、行走之礼、观赏之礼、游览之礼、仪式之礼这八个方面的礼仪教育。四仪是指7岁入学仪式;10岁成长仪式;14岁青春仪式;18岁成人仪式。这套“八礼四仪”融入了“爱、善、诚、勤、俭、美”六种理念和价值取向,注重从生活细节入手,未成年人易懂易学易做。“八礼四仪”是传承文明的需要。古老的中华民族自古以来就享有“礼仪之邦”的美称。在五千年悠久的历史长河中,不但创造了灿烂的文化,而且形成了古老民族的传统美德,很多优良的、传统的礼仪规范,直至今天仍然有很强大的生命力,它是中华民族的宝贵的精神财富。

  • 大班音乐《识字》说课稿

    大班音乐《识字》说课稿

    一、音乐入场。师:Hi,小朋友们好,我是焦老师,焦老师呀今天早上发现了一处可好玩的地方了,想邀请小朋友们一起去,你们想去吗?走,我们出发啦!(音乐入场)师;哇!小朋友的表演真棒!咦!小朋友们瞧,这个好玩的地方到了。是什么地方呀?(CO Co俱乐部)今天呀!CO Co俱乐部可热闹了,哦!原来呀,今天是CO Co俱乐部开张大吉的日子。那让我们一起为他庆祝庆祝吧!师:小朋友看,这是COCo俱乐部的宣传弹,让我们来看看CO Co俱乐部今天准备了什么节目好吗?(好)“1、2、3、翻,”师:“喔,原来是朗诵古寺?不知道是什么古寺呢?让我们一起来瞧瞧吧。(黑板挂古寺)哗,这里面有这么多的字,你们认识吗?(认识)那你们来告诉我吧。小朋友的声音真好听,让我们一起来表扬表扬自己吧!焦老师呀还告诉你们一个好消息,今天我们来到CO Co俱乐部,刚好是它开张大吉的好日子,所以呀,今天不光有许多的礼物派送,而且还有精彩的节目,小朋友们想参加吗?(想)好,那我们赶紧找个位置坐好吧。

  • 古诗词诵读《桂枝香?金陵怀古》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册

    古诗词诵读《桂枝香?金陵怀古》说课稿(一) 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册

    王安石,字介甫,号半山。北宋著名政治家、思想家、文学家、改革家,唐宋八大家之一。欧阳修称赞王安石:“翰林风月三千首,吏部文章二百年。老去自怜心尚在,后来谁与子争先。”传世文集有《王临川集》、《临川集拾遗》等。其诗文各体兼擅,词虽不多,但亦擅长,世人哄传之诗句莫过于《泊船瓜洲》中的“春风又绿江南岸,明月何时照我还。”且有名作《桂枝香》等。介绍之后设置这样的导入语:今天我们共同走进王安石,一起欣赏名作《桂枝香·金陵怀古》。(板书标题)(二)整体感知整体感知是赏析文章的前提,通过初读,可以使学生初步了解将要学到的基本内容,了解文章大意及思想意图,使学生对课文内容形成整体感知。首先,我会让学生根据课前预习,出声诵读课文,同时注意朗读的快慢、停顿、语调、轻重音等,然后再播放音频,纠正他们的读音与停顿。其次,我会引导学生谈谈他感受。学生通过朗读,能够说出本词雄壮、豪放、有气势,有对景物的赞美和对历史的感喟。

  • 《一个消逝了的山村》说课稿  2021—2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    《一个消逝了的山村》说课稿 2021—2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册

    这几段内容传达出的是“要敬畏生命,尊重生命;更要敬畏大自然,尊重大自然,爱护大自然”的主旨内涵,因此让学生通过自由朗读的方式,再次体会冯至对这个消逝了的山村的细致的美好的描绘,感悟冯至传达出的对生命,对自然的理解和思考。5.最后一个自然段的解读依然是交给学生,先齐读课文,再让学生自主分享自己的体会或疑惑。但在这一环节我也设计了两个我认为必须解答的两个问题,一是怎么理解“在风雨如晦的时刻”;二是“意味不尽的关联”是指什么。我认为这两个问题一个涉及到写作背景,一个涉及到对全文主旨的一个整体把握,能够进一步帮助学生理解散文的深刻内涵和主旨,让学生有意识的在阅读散文过程中通过背景知识进行理解。既尊重学生的个性化解读,又能够让学生有意义学习,完成预设的教学目标。如果学生没有提到这两处,那我就需要做出补充。

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计

    4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教学设计

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教学设计

    The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking&Talking教学设计

    新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking&Talking教学设计

    The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.

  • 新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教学设计

    新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教学设计

    The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition

  • 新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教学设计

    新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教学设计

    Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat

  • 新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教学设计

    新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教学设计

    Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points

  • 新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教学设计

    新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教学设计

    This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!

  • 贵州省黔西南州、黔东南州、黔南州2018年中考文综(历史部分)真题试题(含解析)

    贵州省黔西南州、黔东南州、黔南州2018年中考文综(历史部分)真题试题(含解析)

    材料一 每一(签暑国)政府各自保证对与各政府作战的三国同盟成员国及其附从者使用其全部资源,不论军事的或是经济的,联合起来,共同对敌……--1942年1月《联合国家宣言》材料二1954年,日内瓦国际会议上,美国国务卿杜勒斯严令美国代表团:不准任何人与中国代表握手……1972年2月,美国总统尼克松乘专机抵达北京,周恩来总理前往迎接周恩来对尼克松说:“你的手伸过世界最辽阔的海洋未和我握手一-25年没有交往了啊!”--摘编自尼克松回忆录《领导者》材料三 北京时间2018年3月23日,美国宣布将对600亿美元中国出口商品征收关税,并对中国实行贸易限制--摘编自《中国网》(1)材料一所述《联合国家宣言》的发表,标志着什么组织的建立?美国和中国是否同属于“签署国”?

  • 甘肃省武威市、白银市、定西市、平凉市、酒泉市、临夏州、张掖市2017年中考历史真题试题(含解析)

    甘肃省武威市、白银市、定西市、平凉市、酒泉市、临夏州、张掖市2017年中考历史真题试题(含解析)

    10.(12分)科技发展是大国崛起的重要因素,崛起后的大国影响着世界格局的发展演变。阅读下列材料,回答问题。材料一:宋代是中国古代科学技术发展史上最辉煌的时期,几乎在所有中国传统科学技术领域都留下了新的记录。举世闻名的四大发明中有三项完成于两宋时期……为推动世界历史的进程和世界文明的发展作出了巨大贡献。——杨宁一主编《历史学习新视野新知识》材料二:“如果人们把整个人类社会的演进用12个小时来表示,那么现代工业时代只代表最后5分钟,而不是更多。”英国是最先发生这个5分钟事件的地方,工业革命可能是最初的关健几秒钟。正是这个革命使现代文明降临人间,人类开始从农业文明向工业文明过渡。——马克垚主编《世界文明史》

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