31.阅读下列材料,回答问题。材料一 农,天下之大本也,民所恃以生也。而民或不务本而事末,故生不遂。——汉文帝材料二 世儒不察,以工商为末。妄议抑之。夫工商圣王之所欲来,商又使其愿出于途者,盖皆本也。——黄宗羲(1)材料一反映了中国古代哪一重要思想?据此,西汉统治者采取了哪些措施?(2)材料二中黄宗羲提出了什么主张?应如何评价这一主张?
20.阅读材料,回答下列问题:材料一 1929年初,美国似乎日趋繁荣……10月,股票市场价格跌到了最低,世界范围的经济萧条随之而来,而且萧条的强烈程度和延续时间的长久都是空前的。(1)根据材料一并结合所知识,说出资本主义世界发生了什么重大事件?针对这一事件,请举出除美国之外其他国家采取了什么应对方式?材料二 1938年,一个叫张伯伦的老人得意地挥舞着一纸协定,向他的人民宣布“我带来了我们时代的和平”。但事实上……协定加快了世界大战的步伐。(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,“一纸协定”是哪一次会议的产物?在这次世界大战中,人类首次使用原子弹,请写出研制原子弹的科学理论依据。
材料一:19世纪中期到20世纪初,英、法等西方列强先后发动了一系列侵略战争,强迫清政府签订了一系列不平等条约,中国逐渐沦为半殖民地半封建社会。材料二:经历了从“师夷长技以制夷”到变法维新的探索,人们发现温和的改良无法从根本上改变旧制度。于是,人们举起义旗,发动革命,推翻旧王朝,建立了共和国,接着,高举民主、科学大旗,吹响了思想解放的号角。(1)材料一中,使中国开始和完全沦为半殖民地半封建社会的两大不平等条约分别是什么?(2)材料二中,“师夷长技以制夷”指的是什么历史事件?在该历史事件中“师夷长技”的根本目的是什么?
材料一 有学者指出,苏联模式具有双重收应。苏联模式对于于苏联迅速实现工业化和国防现代化是有效的,但在使国民经济结构保持平衡、国民经济整体持续增长方面却显得乏力……材料二: 1928~1940年,苏联国防工业总产值增加了1.8倍,年增长率高达39%,1938年与1930年相比,步、机枪的产量增长了8倍,火炮产量增加了12倍。坦克1930年有170辆,两年后增加到3000辆;到1937年底,苏军拥有各类坦克1.5万辆。1936年苏军拥有飞机6672架,是1928年的4倍。——以上材料均摘编自刘宗绪主编《历史学科专题讲座》材料三:在反法西斯战争中,苏军的技术装备全部更新。苏制重型HC-2坦克超过德国“虎式”坦克的威力。火箭炮(“喀秋莎”)、强击机等新型武器都有极大的发展。1949年,苏联成功爆炸了第一颗原子弹。之后,美、苏两国核军备竞赛进一步升级。到70年代初,美、苏战略核力量大体形成均势。——摘编自《20世纪的战争与和平》教师教学用书(1)据材料一,指出苏联国防现代化迅速实现的原因。(2分)
材料一 十一届三中全会以前,邓小平指出:只有思想解放了,我们才能正确地以马克思主义,毛泽东思想为指导,正确地改革同生产力迅速发展不相适应的生产关系和上层--摘自人教版八下《中国历史》(1)马克思义诞生的标志是什么?为十一届三中全会奠定思想理论基础的是哪一场思想解放运动?材料二“改革开放迈不开步子,不敢闯,说来说去就是怕资本主义的东西多了,走了资本主义的道市场经济不等于资本主义,社会主义也有市场。”--邓小平南方视察讲话”摘要(2)1992年初,邓小平视察南方多次发表谈话,当时的国际背景是什么?这些讲话有什么重大历史意义?材料三 中国特色社会主又进入新时代……意味着中国特色社会主义道路、理论、制度、文化不断发展,拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径……为解决人类问题贡献了中国智慧和中国方案。--摘自《十九大报告》(3)改革开放是坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必由之路,在改革开放40年的伟大实践中中国贡献了哪些“中国智慧和中国方案”?
17.纵观中外历史,民族解放、国家独立、社会制度的变更、民生问题的解决等都是国家得以发展的主要因素,同时也是历史发展的重要主题.结合所学历史知识,回答下列相关问题.(1)17-19世纪,美国、英国、法国、俄国、日本,这五个国家实现民族解放或变更社会制度的重大历史事件各是什么?上述五国伙同其他国家曾对中国发动了什么战争,使中国完全陷入了半殖民地半封建社会的深渊?(2)20世纪上半叶,中国人民为了推翻剥削压迫,实现民族解放和国家独立进行了诸多实践.其中哪次革命推翻了封建君主专制制度?实现民族解放和国家独立的历史事件是什么?(3)19世纪60年代,俄国和日本在改革中对于土地问题分别采取了什么具体措施?(4)20世纪50年代,中国为解放农民土地问题,消灭封建剥削制度,采取了什么措施?(5)我们青少年为了中国的发展应该怎样做?
材料:下午,十几个学校的学生近3000人齐集天安门,人人手里拿着一面或两面白旗,上面写着“还我青岛”“取消二十一条”等……(6月3日,上海)出现大规模的工厂罢工和商店罢市……6月28日和会对德和约签字,中国代表团拒绝出席此次全体会议,没有在该项和约上签字!﹣﹣金冲及《二十世纪史纲》(1)说说上述事件发生的背景。(2)从材料中归纳能够反映中国人民坚决反对屈辱外交的具体史实。(3)当代青年应该怎样发扬五四精神?
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly’sfather wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad anddidn’t agree. She moved into the old tree house which was her favourite place in the world.One day, it rained all night.
Tim: _______36_______,Bob.Bob: Good afternoon, Tim. Icalled you just now, but nobody answered. _______37_______?Tim: I went to the cinema.And I watched a movie named The Battle atLake Changjin.Bob: Oh, great. It’s very famous nowadays. _______38_______?
I often use old clothes that people don’t wearany more to make bags. I opened a small shop in my community and set up awebsite to sell the bags online. Many customers think they are fantastic. Now Iplan to write a new book about ways to use old clothes.
My earliest memory ofthese events began when I was around four years old. I was filled with ___12___ at that time. There were lots of ___13___ — crying, shouting, and doors slamming (砰地关上).
My arms were shaking and my heart was beating ____19____when I stood at the starting line. ____20____ the endless runway (跑道), I felt like a boatfighting against the wind and rain.
The fantasticman-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in localflowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get theirenergy from the sun often light up the city.
Studying is not always the most interesting taskwithin your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required,everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying.
“Her daughter passed away a few days ago. Now,she can’t do the same things she used to do with her daughter. She doesn’t knowwhat to do. Even little things like making dinner and cleaning the house areharder for her to do now. Maybe you can think of a way to help her,” her mothersaid.
The December day started like any other. Papacame back with his boat full of fish. Mama made breakfast for the family.Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers ranaround the yard.
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, and asked her father, “Doyou want me to cook?”
Chinese taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping andYe Guangfu carried out the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission (任务) that started on Oct. 15,2021. This mission lasts 6 months, which was also a national record.
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery alongthe way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we racethrough this beautiful land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope(藏羚羊)fromyour window.
Chinese taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping andYe Guangfu carried out the Shenzhou-13 spaceflight mission (任务) that started on Oct. 15,2021. This mission lasts 6 months, which was also a national record. Zhai isthe commander (指令长)who performed China’s first spacewalk in the Shenzhou-7 mission in 2008.