提供各类精美PPT模板下载
当前位置:首页 > Word文档 >

人教版新课标小学数学四年级下册四则运算(第一课时)说课稿

  • 幼儿园小班数学教案 认识图形

    幼儿园小班数学教案 认识图形

    [活动准备] 1、图片一幅、纸制小路(上面镂刻不同形状、不同大小的图形) 2、小白兔头饰一个,内装有形状不同的几何图形多个的“魔术箱”一个 [教学过程] 一、以故事形式引出主题 1、讲故事引起幼儿的兴趣 师:小朋友,昨天小白兔打电话给老师,它对老师说:“昨天,森林里刮起了大风,把我的房子都给吹破了(呜…)你能不能帮我造一间新房子呢?”于是,老师就连夜给小白兔造了一间新房子。小朋友,你们看,这新房子漂亮吗? 2 、出示图片,提问: 师:你们看,老师把房顶盖成什么形状的? 小:三角形 师:房身呢? 小:正方形 师:门又是什么形状呢? 小:圆形 引导幼儿说出三角形、正方形和圆形

  • 幼儿园小班数学教案  鞋子配对

    幼儿园小班数学教案 鞋子配对

    2、初步培养观察力和动手能力,萌发对科学活动的兴趣。   3、养成自己整理鞋子的良好习惯。  重点:按鞋子的大小、颜色、款式等特点进行配对。   难点:寻找鞋底的秘密,特别是形状:两头大中间向里凹,但两只鞋子的朝向是相反的。  二、活动准备:  1、与幼儿人数相近的大小、颜色、款式各异的鞋子散落放在鞋架上,用布先遮起来,人手一张白纸。   2 、欢快的音乐一段。   3、半圆形的座位安排,中间留有空地,便于活动。  三、活动过程   (一)奇怪的鞋子  1、教师以故事的形式引出:娃娃家里的宝宝呀,特别爱漂亮,她每天都要换一双新鞋子,所以她的鞋子特别多,最后,连她自己都分不清哪两只是一双了,有一天他穿了一双很特别的鞋子,一只是大的红鞋子,一只是小一点儿的花鞋子(教师边讲边出示两只鞋子),可是这一天,她非常不开心,你们知道她为什么不开心吗?(幼儿猜测,引导幼儿发现两只鞋子的不同)   2、教师小结:两只大小不同、形状不同、颜色也不一样的鞋子不是一双,所以穿的人当然就不舒服了。

  • 幼儿园小班数学教案  认识三角形

    幼儿园小班数学教案 认识三角形

    【活动目标】 1、知道三角形的主要特征,即三角形由三条边,三个角组成。 2、能找出生活中和三角形相似的物体。 3、乐意动手操作,提高观察力和空间想象力。 【活动准备】  1、小白兔、萝卜、蘑菇图片各一个, 2、图形组成的实物图片4张。 3、孩子人手3个三角形。 【活动过程】 一、故事:小白兔过生日 今天是小白兔的生日,早晨小白兔高高兴兴的从家里出来,它要去采蘑菇,走着走着它看到一个大萝卜,小白兔捡起大萝卜继续往前走,走到蘑菇地里采了一个大蘑菇高兴的回家了。

  • 2024年上半年工作总结及下半年工作打算汇编(3篇)

    2024年上半年工作总结及下半年工作打算汇编(3篇)

    二、下半年工作打算国际国内形势复杂多变,上半年工信工作虽然取得了一定的成效,但还面临着要素资源约束愈发趋紧,综合评价结果运用范围有待拓宽,企业转型升级动力还需增强等问题。下半年,我们将继续全面贯彻落实市委、市政府各项决策部署,锚定目标任务,全力攻坚工业经济品质,力争在省制造业高质量发展示范区建设工作中取得新成效。(一)全面深化D建引领进一步优化组织设置。分链分层优化D的组织设置,完善产业链D组织架构图谱,畅通行业、条线、板块、部门联系,实现市、镇(区)联动和支撑单位协同配合的组织体系,不断提升组织覆盖和工作覆盖质量。进一步加强理论学习。紧密结合工信工作实际,扎实开展新一轮主题教育。通过工信讲坛、金点子、各类沙龙活动,形成学思践悟的浓厚氛围,推动理论学习走深向实。进一步打造D建阵地。落实基本制度,强化基本保障,建强基本队伍。高标准打造链上企业D建阵地,选派D建指导员到骨干企业开展指导工作,推动D建“齿轮”转起来、工作动起来,管理严起来、效果实起来。

  • 四川省绵阳市2016年中考历史与社会(历史部分)真题试题(含答案)

    四川省绵阳市2016年中考历史与社会(历史部分)真题试题(含答案)

    材料二: 二战后,为实现欧洲复兴,并增大在美苏两极格局中的发言权。欧洲各国摒弃前嫌,走上联合之路。法德两国共同推动的欧洲联合,一直到现在对整个欧洲都有强大的吸引力。(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识概括说明欧洲走上联合之路的原因。(2分)欧洲国家建立的联合组织是什么?(1分)材料三: 2001年“九一一事件”发生后,全球反恐斗争面临严峻的形势。在此形势下,美国不得不顺应多极化的发展趋势,主动寻求与联合国和国际社会的合作,特别是与中国和俄罗斯的合作,从而在国际反恐问题上达成了一定共识,有力的打击了国际恐怖势力。——川教版《世界历史》九年级(下)(3)根据材料三并结合所学知识指出当今世界人类面临的共同问题。(2分)请你为解决这些问题献计献策。(1分)

  • 四川省达州市2016年中考文综(历史部分)真题试题(含解析)

    四川省达州市2016年中考文综(历史部分)真题试题(含解析)

    17.纵观中外历史,民族解放、国家独立、社会制度的变更、民生问题的解决等都是国家得以发展的主要因素,同时也是历史发展的重要主题.结合所学历史知识,回答下列相关问题.(1)17-19世纪,美国、英国、法国、俄国、日本,这五个国家实现民族解放或变更社会制度的重大历史事件各是什么?上述五国伙同其他国家曾对中国发动了什么战争,使中国完全陷入了半殖民地半封建社会的深渊?(2)20世纪上半叶,中国人民为了推翻剥削压迫,实现民族解放和国家独立进行了诸多实践.其中哪次革命推翻了封建君主专制制度?实现民族解放和国家独立的历史事件是什么?(3)19世纪60年代,俄国和日本在改革中对于土地问题分别采取了什么具体措施?(4)20世纪50年代,中国为解放农民土地问题,消灭封建剥削制度,采取了什么措施?(5)我们青少年为了中国的发展应该怎样做?

  • 四川省达州市2016年中考文综(历史部分)真题试题(含答案)

    四川省达州市2016年中考文综(历史部分)真题试题(含答案)

    38.各国经济发展并非一帆风顺。阅读下列材料,结合所学知识,回答下列相关问题。材料一:1992年,一位创立了中国特色社会主义理论的世纪伟人,针对当时有些人担心实行改革开放会使中国“走上资本主义道路”的困惑,发表了重要谈话。谈话中他强调,“发展才是硬道理”、“改革开放的胆子要大一些”、“市场经济不等于资本主义,社会主义也有市场”,明确提出了判断是非的标准。——川教版八年级下册材料二:在某种意义上,有人说,他挽救了市场经济。市场经济不是说没有毛病,出了一些毛病。在20世纪30年代的时候,他引进了一些新政,然后使市场经济又回到一个比较健康发展的轨道……开创了市场经济的新模式。在这种模式中,市场的作用和政府的作用同时得以发挥。——《大国崛起》解说词(1)材料一中,“世纪伟人”发表的“重要谈话”被称作什么?(1分)“中国特色社会主义理论”在祖国统一大业方面出现了什么创新制度?(1分)哪次会议揭开了“改革开放”的序幕?(1分)(2)材料二中的“他”是谁?(1分)“他”开创的“市场经济新模式”为资本主义国家的发展提供了怎样的范例?(1分)

  • 高一新生国旗下讲话稿

    高一新生国旗下讲话稿

    新的学期蕴含新的机遇,新的学期面临新的挑战。高中不是初中的终点,而是迈向大学,走向人生的新起点。下面是小编给大家整理的高一新生国旗下讲话稿,仅供参考。高一新生国旗下讲话稿(一):  尊敬的领导、老师,亲爱的同学们:大家好!我是来自高一(5)班的蒋xx。迎着九月的微风,我们又一次相聚在国旗下,享受这精神的洗礼。能代表高一新生在此发言我感到无比的激动!首先,请允许我代表高一新生向辛勤培育我们的全体老师表示深深的敬意,向高年级的学长们表示亲切的问候。昨天,我们怀着对高中的无比向往与憧憬,抱着必胜的信念,在激烈的中考竞争中脱颖而出;今天,我们走进四中这块成长的沃土,在这块沃土上播种理想,放飞希望。新学期的前三天为我们拉开了高中生活的序幕,呈现在眼前的是丰富多彩的校园文化,紧张有序的学习气氛,以及学校严格的管理秩序。在这里,我们将学习文化知识,在交流与合作中结识新的朋友,在竞争与比拼中产生新的动力。高一的同学们,面对陌生的环境与竞争的压力,或许我们会产生种种的不适应,甚至是失落与迷茫。但,请坚信,困难是生活的教科书,经过化蛹成蝶的蜕变,我们将会变得更加坚韧与成熟。生活给予了我们新的更严峻的挑战,我们就应该在挑战中激流勇进、愈战愈勇!新学期,我们一定要把握开始。遵守学校的各项规章制度,尽快适应高中的学习节奏,端正自我,从零做起。我们要在四中的大舞台上展现我们拼搏的风采,再接再厉,再创佳绩!

  • 新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Listening&Speaking&Talking教案

    新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Listening&Speaking&Talking教案

    Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading for Writing教案二

    新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading for Writing教案二

    This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading For Writing教案

    新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 1 Cultural Heritage-Reading For Writing教案

    This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.

  • 新人教版高中英语选修4Unit 1 Science Fiction教案

    新人教版高中英语选修4Unit 1 Science Fiction教案

    本活动旨在落实课时教学目标2。 1.Think, discuss and share. Students form groups of 4, discuss about the given ending make comments. Q1: Do you like the ending? Q2: Was it a logical ending? Why so or why not? [设计意图]通过引导学生思考、讨论、评价,比较个人、同伴所预测的结局和听力文本所给定的结局的异同点,深化对文本的认知,发展学生的评判性思维能力。 Activity 4: Exploring Asimov’s three laws of robotics and the purpose of the writing 本活动旨在落实课时教学目标3。 1. Get to know Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The teacher shares Isaac Asimov’s three laws of robotics. The three laws state that: ①A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. ②A robot must obey any orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. ③A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. Q: How does Tony’s story relate to the laws? 2. Figure out Isaac Asimov’s purpose of writing Satisfaction Guaranteed. The students express their opinions about the author’s writing purpose. Q: Why did Isaac Asimov write such a story? S: To explore the relationship between robots and humans. [设计意图]通过了解艾萨克·阿西莫夫所制定的机器人三大定律,加深学生对文本的理解,深入探究文本的主题意义。推理作者的写作目的,联系生活实际,思考人类与机器人的关系。

  • 人教版高中历史必修2开辟新航路教案

    人教版高中历史必修2开辟新航路教案

    材料五航路开辟后,东方香料输入欧洲的总量较中古之时猛增30倍,而胡椒、丁香等在印度购入和在英国卖出的差价亦高达10至29倍,其他货物的获利同样惊人。这一时期,新的商品不断涌现,特别值得注意的是美洲的特产——玉米、马铃薯、烟草、可可等——被传播到欧亚大陆。这时,世界性的对外贸易主要通过大西洋,地中海与意大利皆告衰落,而沿大洋的英、荷等渐居中心。到17世纪时,英国的伦敦与荷兰的阿姆斯特丹成为世界贸易中心。问题4:材料五表明,新航路开辟后对世界贸易产生了哪些重大影响?答案4:结束了世界相对孤立状态;各地文明开始会合交流,日益连成一个整体;欧洲商人直接同世界各地建立商业联系;促进不同国家和贸易的发展,促进世界市场雏形开始出现。

  • 人教版高中历史必修2罗斯福新政教案

    人教版高中历史必修2罗斯福新政教案

    【教学参考】对“新政”作用的评价史学界对“新政”作用的评价是仁者见仁、智者见智,但基本上有三种观点,即“功大于过论”、“过大于功论”和“功过参半论”。持“功大于过论”者认为“新政”在美国历史上基本上是一种进步现象,首先,“新政”挽救了危机,使美国人民摆脱了危机的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足够的宏观经济政策知识的时代,罗斯福所做的努力确实是开创性的;再次,罗斯福“新政”开启了美国以后历届政府实施国家干预政策的大门,成为缓解自由主义经济制度之弊病的一剂良方,并在实质上加强了美国联邦政府的权威;最后,在30年代资本主义世界经济危机的背景下,同日本、德国为转嫁危机而发动战争的策略相比,“新政”无疑代表了一种进步、民主的解救危机方式。持“过大于功论”者认为“新政”未能使美国走出萧条、步入繁荣。

  • 人教版高中政治必修3文化创新的途径教案

    人教版高中政治必修3文化创新的途径教案

    这次大赛我们看到了启发讲授式,合作探究式,情景体验式,信息技术与学科教学整合式等多种教学方法,各有所长,也都发挥了各自不同的教学作用。重庆的李静老师在讲《文化创新的途径》这课中,从一个大家都非常关注的有些争议的张艺谋导演的雅典奥运会闭幕式上8分钟的表演的品评与思辩入手,学生非常兴奋,又到2008年北京奥运会开幕式的点火和文艺演出的创新设计,教学过程中既有学生的现场调查,又有充分发挥学生想象力的小组合作探究,还有小组间彼此的评价。在教学方式的设计上既有体验式,又有合作探究式,还有教师的启发讲授,多种教学方式的整合提高了课堂教学的整体效益。最后还要求学生把他们的设计通过E-mail等方式发给北京奥运会组委会,让学生非常兴奋。”

  • 新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Discovering Useful Structure教案

    新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Discovering Useful Structure教案

    (形容词短语most beautiful的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作定语修饰名词bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。(形容词短语really happy的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作宾语补足语)[即学即练]画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.构成形式: 副词+形容词(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)副词短语:指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式有:(副词)+副词如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在这里工作。(副词短语here yesterday修饰动词did)②Bill did the work very well.比尔做的这份工作很好。副词短语very well修饰动词did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副词短语all entirely, 修饰形容词短语responsible for)

  • 新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Reading and Thinking教案

    新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Reading and Thinking教案

    【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Reading for Writing教案

    新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Reading for Writing教案

    【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with reading for writing a letter of advice. Students are expected to learn the knowledge about how to write a suggestion letter. The teacher is expected to enable students to master some writing skills concerning suggestion letters and learn to write one.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of how to write a suggestion letter properly.2. Enable students to use some writing skills flexibly.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the skills of writing a suggestion letter2.How to enable students to write a good recommendation letter using some writing skills properly.【教学过程】Step 1: Lead in Begin the class with the lead-in questions: how to write a letter for advice? What kinds of aspects should be included? It is strongly recommended that the teacher should ask students to discuss the topic freely with their partners and brainstorm some ideas concerning the topic. In this way, students can come up with more ideas and avoid being nervous at the beginning of the class.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning advice letters’ writing style.The teacher is expected to ask students to read a letter offering some advice on page 18 silently and then request students to discuss the questions below.

  • 新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Discovering Useful Structure教案

    新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Discovering Useful Structure教案

    (5)be to do (可以和具体的时间状语连用)①表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。②用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必须努力工作。(6)be about to do (不与具体的时间状语连用) 表示即将要发生的动作。We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。(7)一般现在时表将来①表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作。常限于表示位置移动的短暂性动词。②在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看时刻表,快点!4026次航班的起飞时间是下午6点20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。

  • 新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around–Listening and Speaking教案

    新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around–Listening and Speaking教案

    无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。4. extremely adv 极其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:玛丽发现找工作极其困难。给你添了麻烦,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的红色车厢,结果证明它非常受大众的欢迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking单句写作:1. _______________ (你要说些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我们为这些事情做好了准备), we have nothing to worry about.

上一页123...283284285286287288289290291292293294下一页
提供各类高质量Word文档下载,PPT模板下载,PPT背景图片下载,免费ppt模板下载,ppt特效动画,PPT模板免费下载,专注素材下载!

PPT全称是PowerPoint,LFPPT为你提供免费PPT模板下载资源。让你10秒轻松搞定幻灯片制作,打造⾼颜值的丰富演示文稿素材模版合集。