交谈时双方的空间距离也有一定讲究。和朋友谈话、和陌生人谈话、和异性谈话、招呼长者和上级,都需要有一个合适的距离。如果上级故意“缩减”与下级人员通常谈话时的距离,那是表示对下级的关切。说话的时候需要一面想,一面说,为了控制说话的主动权,免得被别人插人、打断,人们可以使用“唔”“啊”之类的音节,表示“话还没有说完,你别着急”之类的意思。空白也表示意思,在说唱艺术中,什么时候停顿,停多久,都有讲究,以便使交际更有成效。这就是说,空间和时间的因素也在交际中得到了适当的运用。所以,各种伴随动作也是交际的工具。它们一般都是在语言的基础上产生的。即使像“察颜观色”这一类特定的交际方式,也必须有语言的交际为基础,预先有了一定的了解,对方才能领会。总之,在上述的种种交际工具当中,身势等伴随动作是非语言的交际工具;旗语之类是建立在语言、文字基础之上的辅助性交际工具;文字是建立在语言基础之上的一种最重要的辅助交际工具;
1.悬念法悬念法又称关子。它是作者为了激发那种“紧张与期待的心理活动”,在行文中有意采取的一种积极而有效的手段。这种手段包括“设悬”和“解悬”两方面。所谓 “设悬”就是设置悬念,即在情节发生发展的关键时刻或人物命运攸关的重要关头,叙述戛然而止,转叙他事。从而引起读者强烈的寻根问底的兴趣。所谓“解悬” 也叫“释悬”,就是指在情节发展的特定阶段,通过矛盾的解决,揭示事情原委和人物命运的结局,使读者的期待心理得以满足。如《驿路梨花》,当人们正为露宿而发愁时出现了一间神秘的小屋,小屋的主人是谁呢?猜想间,有人来了,但也不是屋子主人,那小屋子的主人是谁呢?终于知道了小屋是解放军盖的,但为什么要盖这间小屋呢?这样“设悬——释悬——带出新悬念”,环环相扣、层层递进,使文章韵味无穷。
天上有明月,年年照相思。她夜夜沉醉在梦中。梦把空间缩短了,梦把时间凝固了,梦把世界净化了。梦中没有污秽,没有嘈杂,没有邪恶;梦中没有分离,没有创伤,没有痛苦;梦中只有柔和的月色,只有温馨的爱;梦使她永远年轻,使她不原醒来。…………啊,那个世界,是为天下最真最善最美的心灵准备的,艺术家怀着虔诚的情感,用充满魔力的琴弦,在人们的心中筑起了一座不朽的天堂,它像天地一样长久,日月一样永恒!新月微微地闭着眼睛,她清清楚楚地看到了那座天堂,真真切切地触到了那座天堂,冰凌砌成墙壁,白云铺成房顶,雾霭织成纱幔,星星串成明灯;在那里,她的头发像沐浴之后那样清爽柔软,随风飘拂,她的肌肤像披着月光那样清凉润滑,她的那颗心啊,像浸润着蒙蒙细雨的花蕾,挂着晶莹的露珠,自由地呼吸……她沉醉在那个一尘不染的美好的境界,如歌如诗,如梦如幻,如云如月,如水如烟……
(学生展开畅叙所谈,言之有理即可。)归纳:以上因素在人物语言表达中是综合体现的,所以在写作时必须周密思考,使人物语言体现的人物性格更丰富,更有立体感。(3)行动描写矛盾先生曾说:“人物性格必须通过行动来表现。”我们在写作文时,应当注意描写最能揭示人物本身的独特性格的,最合乎人物地位,身份的动作,从而使人物形象更生动。行动描写要注意哪些方面?A、选择具有代表性,最能表现人物性格的行动来写。如《守财奴》中的老葛朗台的性格特点。B、要善于选择具有表现力的动词,把人物的行动准确传神地描写出来。(4)侧面描写写作不仅可以从正面对人物加以刻画,也可以通过周围各种不同人物的眼看,嘴讲等方式,从侧面起到烘托某个特定人物的作用。(请学生欣赏片段《茶花女》,《红楼梦》,教师归纳。)
《普通高中语文课程标准》关于“表达与交流”方面学生应达到的目标有如下的表述:“学会多角度地观察生活,丰富生活经历和情感体验,对自然、社会和人生有自己的感受和思考”,“进一步提高记叙述、说明、描写、议论、抒情等基本表达能力”。观察、感受、思考是写好作文的必要的积累与条件,而用最恰当的语言与形式传达自己的所得则属于“技巧”方面的范畴。教材“表达与交流”的编选采用的“话题探讨—写法借鉴—写作练习”的体例,其优点是就某一话题训练某一方面的写作能力,能使教与学具有较强的操作性,目标更具体,也就是“既讲‘写什么’,又讲‘怎么写’”,能克服“纯技术性训练”;不足在于容易造成教与学上的“只见树木、不见森林”现象。要让学生确实形成能力,举一反三,老师的备课量非常之大,好在现在网络发达,必修1和必修2还配了教案(不知为什么必修3和必修4没有),总算应对过来,因此,我在此所讲的教学设计之类的,有许多不是我个人的,是别人的成果,特此声明。
3.作者为什么不直接描写人们看见东西呢?请同学们找出其中的细节描写,并说明有什么表达效果。答:侧面烘托,正是作者高明之处,这也是许多佳作常用之法。细节描写往往会成为事情的切入点和突破口,一篇佳作往往离不开一些细节描写,本文也不例外,有些细节描写耐人寻味,如:“德国人撤退时炸毁的布热金卡毒气室和焚尸炉废墟上,雏菊花在怒放。”“这是一个二十多岁的姑娘,长得丰满,可爱,皮肤细白,金发碧眼。她在温和地微笑着,似乎是为着一个美好而又隐秘的梦想而微笑。”4.句子赏析:“对另外一些人来说,这样一个事实使他们终生难忘:在德国人撤退时炸毁的布热金卡毒气室和焚尸炉废墟上,雏菊花在怒放。”明确:一边是戕害生命的毒气室和焚尸炉,一边是生机勃勃的生命,两种反差极大的事物摆在一起。表达了作者对纳粹的讽刺:纳粹的残暴终归阻止不了生命的进程。同时也表达了作者的控诉:生命的绽放是人世间最美好的事情,对生命的戕害是最恶劣的罪行。
一、教学目标1.指导学生以一颗真挚的童心、爱心面对大自然,促使学生的心灵与大自然亲切交流。2.使学生明确写景文章的写作范围、写作重点、构思技巧。二、教学重难点明确话题,写景抓住特征,注重感情。三、教学方法多重对话法四、教学过程1.导入语:自然是人类生活的环境,是人类赖以生存的基础。人类不仅在物质上需要大地母亲的哺育,而且在精神上也需要向自然寻求依托。当知时节的春雨飘落大地时,当秋风吹来诱人的果香时,感到喜悦、幸福的决不仅是农民;过去的政治家、文学家,每当失意的时候,就会寄情山林;就是我们中学生,当不堪学习重负,感到身心疲惫的时候,去野外踏青,不也能愉悦身心吗?可以说人对自然的情怀是与生俱来的。但不同的人,对自然的感悟有深浅不同,情趣有高下之分。“万类霜天竞自由”的感悟,“大漠孤烟直”的审美不是人人都能有的。2.面对大自然,通过什么样的手段来促使我们的感悟、审美向高深方向发展呢?哪位同学说说。
“千载琵琶作胡语,分明怨恨曲中论。”“怨恨”两字点明全篇主旨。千百年来,琵琶所演奏的总是从匈奴传来的撩人愁思的胡乐,正是昭君在诉说着她的怨恨!这两句从侧面烘托昭君的形象,既有对她的赞扬,又有对她的同情。读到这里,我们的耳边好像又响起了那深沉、幽怨的琵琶声!5、这首诗写的是昭君的怨恨,但首联一开始并没有写她的怨恨,写的是什么?这样写的目的又是什么?明确:群山万壑赴荆门山是群山起伏,连绵不绝;水是万壑争流,奔腾不息,直赴荆门山。其中的“赴”字用了拟人的手法,把迤逦不绝的千山万壑陡然间写活了,既有飞动之势,又有变幻之姿。从侧面烘托昭君的形象。两千多年前,一个青年女子远离父母之邦,嫁到异域,并在那里度过一生,确实需要巨大的勇气和毅力,而这雄伟的山川简直就是她那坚强的性格的象征。6、佳句鉴赏(这首诗歌当中,我认为有两句诗写得非常美,我自己很喜欢,不知道有没有同道中人?)
4、主旨 哪一联明确地点明全诗题旨?表达了作者的什么感情?试做分析 颈联。 菊花开在秋天,所以这 “ 丛菊 ” 回应了诗题中那个 “ 秋 ” 字。 “ 他日 ” 可以指过去也可以指未来,在这里是指过去。“丛菊两开”,指诗人于 765 年离开成都,原打算很快出峡,但这年留居云安,次年又留居夔州,见到丛菊开了两次,还未出峡,故对菊掉泪。秋菊两度盛开,使诗人再次洒下往日流过的眼泪。“开”字双关,一谓菊花开,又言泪眼随之开。此时他仍然滞留在他乡,他始终没有放弃回乡的打算。孤舟可以系住,使其不能泛诸中流,但诗人的心是系不住的。他的心早已越过江河,越过关山,飞到了长安。所以,一叶靠岸系绳的孤舟,始终都牵动着诗人的故园之思。这一联是全篇诗意所在。孤舟本来只能系住自己的行踪,却把诗人的思乡之心也牢牢地系住了,故见舟伤心,引出故园之思,表现出思乡之情的深沉浓烈和欲归不得的无奈与凄伤,为文章的主旨句。
一、教材1、新教材对高中语文阅读教学的要求高中语文新大纲中明确规定,高中语文教学要让学生“掌握语文学习的基本方法,养成自学语文的习惯”,“为继续学习和终身发展打好基础”,提出了“以阅读教学为龙头带动整个语文教育是一个标本兼治的通途”,以多种渠道培养良好的阅读习惯,以阅读带动听说写能力的全面提高。2、教材分析这篇文章是从美国著名的心理学家、社会学家弗罗姆《爱的艺术》中节选出来的,《爱的艺术》这本书阐释了爱并不是一种与人的成熟程度无关的感情,而是一个能力的问题,是一门通过训练自己的纪律、集中和耐心学到手的一门艺术。在这篇文章中,他从儿童成长的过程的角度阐述了父母之爱与孩童情感与心智成熟的关系,从心理学的角度阐述了爱作为一种改变社会的力量的心理基础。全文10个小节,阐述了一个婴儿成长为一个“成熟的人”其心理结构逐步变化的过程,并在最后指出,真正成熟的人应该能够综合母爱与父爱,唯其如此,才能够使自己真正成为一个健康而成熟的灵魂。
一、教材分析《思想道德修养和科学文化修 养》是人教版高中政治必修一《文化生活》第十课第二框题的教学内容。主要学评析文化修养与思想道德修养的关系,说明青少年应该不断地追求更高的思想道德目标。二、教学目标1、知识目标识记:思想道德修养和科学文化修养的含义。理解:思想道德修养和科学文化修养的内在联系。分析:当代中国青年如何追求更高的思想道德目标。2、能力目标通过对“两个修养”的学习,提高学生比较分析问题的能力。3、情感、态度、价值观目标:通过本课的学习,增强当代中学生自觉提高自身全面素质的能力,不断地追求更高的思想道德目标。三、教学重难点教学重点:理解思想道德修养和科学文化修养的内在联系。教学难点:归纳如何追求更高的思想道德目标。四、学情分析通过上一框题的学习,学生从宏观上把握了国家加强思想道德建设的相关内容,,本课将从微观上即从个人的角度重点学习不断提高思想道德修养和科学文化修养的原因及具体要求。本课内容离学生的距离较近,是学 生比较感兴趣的。
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本节语法思考:定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么? 关系词有哪些?定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词。他们在先行词和定语从句之间起到联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分。被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
1. 标题首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。海报中往往把内容作为大标题。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报, 首先要引出话题, 其次列出原因, 最后是总结。对于宣传类的海报, 要写明具体内容, 如: 活动内容, 地点以及参加活动的注意事项, 主持或举办单位等。1. 图片: 要选择引人注目的图片, 与主题要相关, 色彩明亮。话题句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我国的国宝。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上仅现存几千只熊猫。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因为人类的活动, 老虎处于濒危的状态。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生动物面临着灭绝的危险。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃惊, 目前中国仅有不足1 000只江豚。
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑选出来参加运动会。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把车停下来(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(让我们的车充电(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(发现自己对...很惊讶)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神专注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把这幅画的复制品装箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用过去分词对下列句子进行改写。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.
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