
【总结讲解】地球为生命物质的存在提供了三个最优越的条件,这也是其它行星不具备的条件——(1)日地距离适中(1.496亿km),使地表平均气温为15℃,有利于生命过程的发生和发展;地球上的温度,还有利于水的液态存在。适合生物呼吸的大气: (2) 地球的体积、质量适中,吸引大量气体聚集在地球周围,又经过漫长的演化,形成了以氮、氧为主的适合生物呼吸的大气。(3)海洋的形成: 由于地球内部放射性元素衰变致热和原始地球重力收缩及地球内部的物质运动等形成了原始大洋,地球最初的单细胞生命就出现在大洋中。(备注:此部分可以模拟演示或讲解地球存在生命的温度、大气、水等条件;假设地球温度过高或过低对地球生命的影响;引导学生分析地球大气、温度与地球水的关系)【板书】1、日地距离适中2、地球的体积、质量适中3、液态水的存在【启发提问】 宇宙中是否只有地球上存在有生命物质?

知识与技能1、指导学生初步掌握称谓语、禁忌语、委婉语等交际语言;2、指导学生根据具体的语境条件运用不同的交际语言,达到交际目的。过程与方法1、通过故事或习题分析,掌握有关交际语言的一些知识;2、讲练结合,有所积累。情感、态度与价值观点燃学生继承中华传统文化的热情,以得体的交际语言营造良好的人际环境。教学重点根据交际中运用语言的要求,引导学生根据不同的语境条件恰当地表情达意。教学难点通过课内探索延伸至课外,积累关于交际中的语言运用的一些知识。教学课时:一课时教学过程一、导入利用一道口语交际训练题引入本节课要探究的内容。例1:下面的场合,如果班长既想达到批评的目的,又想把话说得委婉些,表达恰当的一项是(C)小李和小杨,为了一点小事,两人自习课上大声地争吵起来。这时,班长说:A、你们这样大声争吵,影响很坏。B、你们这样大声争吵,难道不感到羞耻吧?

(1)巨额的赔款,是列强对中国空前的大规模勒索;为支付这笔巨额赔款,清政府加紧搜刮人民,使人民生活更加贫困,社会经济更加凋敝。(2)在北京设立的“使馆界”,实际上是“国中之国”,是帝国主义策划侵略中国的大本营。外国侵略者控制京津地区,使清政府完全处于外国军队的控制之下,便于侵略者直接派兵镇压中国人民的反帝斗争。(3)按照条约规定,清朝官吏严厉镇压中国人民的反帝斗争,进一步成为帝国主义的帮凶。(4)改设外务部的规定,便于清政府能够按照外国侵略者的意旨实行卖国的外交政策。《辛丑条约》是帝国主义强加给中国的一个严重的不平等条约,列强除了穷凶极恶地对中国敲诈勒索外,还重新确立了以慈禧太后为首的清政府继续充当它们在华的代理人。

①阐发话题式:就是用简练的语言对所给话题材料加以概括和浓缩,并找到一个最佳切入点加以深层次阐述。吉林一考生的满分作文《漫谈“感情”“认知”》的题记是:“同是对‘修墙’‘防盗’的预见,却产生‘聪明’或‘被怀疑’的结果。‘感情’竟能如此地左右着‘认知’,心的小舟啊,在文化的河流中求索。”这个题记通过对材料的简单解释,将“感情”与“认知”二者的关系诠释得非常明白,也点明了作者的态度和议论的中心。②诠释题目式:所拟题目一般都具有深刻性特点,运用题记形式对题目进行巧妙而又全面的诠释。云南一考生的满分作文《与你同行》的题记是:“他们一路同行,一个汲着水,一个负着火,形影相随。在他们携手共进时,就产生了智慧。”这个题记形象而深刻地对“与你同行”这个题目进行了解释,言简意赅,表明了考生对感情和理智关系的认识。

三、宗教改革:1、背景:(1)文艺复兴的影响。文艺复兴中,人文主义学者尽管对宗教保持较为温和的态度,但其以人为中心的思想极大地冲击了天主教的精神独裁,天主教的权威日益受到人们的怀疑。(2)天主教会对欧洲尤其是德意志的压榨。中世纪的天主教会对人民进行严密的精神统治,基督教信仰的核心是“原罪”和“灵魂救赎”,即人生下来就有罪,只有信仰上帝,跟随耶稣才能得救。就“灵魂救赎”而言,最初强调的是个人信仰的作用,后来,神学家们又加上了种种繁杂的宗教礼仪,而且必须得到神职人员的帮助,灵魂才能得救。在经济上,天主教会还是最大的封建主,占有大量的土地,并征收什一税,对各国人民大肆搜刮。罗马教廷每年从德意志搜刮的财富达30万古尔登(货币单位),相当于“神圣罗马帝国”皇帝每年税收额的20倍。德意志也成了被教会榨取最严重的地区,素有“教皇的乳牛”之称。

【课标要求】以某流域为例,分析该流域开发的地理条件。【课标解读】以田纳西河流域为实例,从流域位置、自然环境、自然资源、人口、社会经济基础等方面,分析该流域开发的地理条件。【学习目标】1、读图并结合课文分析田纳西河流域的位置、气候、水文、地貌、自然资源等自然条件。2、阅读课文分析田纳西河流域的人口、社会经济基础等社会经济条件。【教学重点】读图并结合课文分析田纳西河流域的位置、气候、水文、地貌、自然资源等自然条件【教学难点】读图并结合课文分析田纳西河流域的气候、水文条件【教学资源】田纳西河流域的位置图、流域图、 世界气候类型分布图、沿河剖面图、矿产资源分布图

三、教师总结:在那如火如荼的苦难岁月,梁任公的政治主张屡屡因时而变,但为人处世的原则始终未变,他不是冯自由等人所描述的那种变色龙。他重感情,轻名利,严于律己,坦诚待人。无论是做儿子、做丈夫、做学生,还是做父亲、做师长、做同事,他都能营造一个磁场,亮出一道风景。明镜似水,善解人意是他的常态,在某些关键时刻,则以大手笔写实爱的海洋,让海洋为宽容而定格,人间为之增色。我敢断言,在风云际会和星光灿烂的中国近代人才群体中,特别是在遐迩有知的重量级历史人物中,能在做人的问题上与梁启超比试者是不大容易找到的。四、课后作业:找出文中细节及侧面描写的地方,想一想这样写有什么好处,总结本文的写作特点。五、板书设计:梁任公演讲特点:

“千载琵琶作胡语,分明怨恨曲中论。”“怨恨”两字点明全篇主旨。千百年来,琵琶所演奏的总是从匈奴传来的撩人愁思的胡乐,正是昭君在诉说着她的怨恨!这两句从侧面烘托昭君的形象,既有对她的赞扬,又有对她的同情。读到这里,我们的耳边好像又响起了那深沉、幽怨的琵琶声!5、这首诗写的是昭君的怨恨,但首联一开始并没有写她的怨恨,写的是什么?这样写的目的又是什么?明确:群山万壑赴荆门山是群山起伏,连绵不绝;水是万壑争流,奔腾不息,直赴荆门山。其中的“赴”字用了拟人的手法,把迤逦不绝的千山万壑陡然间写活了,既有飞动之势,又有变幻之姿。从侧面烘托昭君的形象。两千多年前,一个青年女子远离父母之邦,嫁到异域,并在那里度过一生,确实需要巨大的勇气和毅力,而这雄伟的山川简直就是她那坚强的性格的象征。6、佳句鉴赏(这首诗歌当中,我认为有两句诗写得非常美,我自己很喜欢,不知道有没有同道中人?)

交谈时双方的空间距离也有一定讲究。和朋友谈话、和陌生人谈话、和异性谈话、招呼长者和上级,都需要有一个合适的距离。如果上级故意“缩减”与下级人员通常谈话时的距离,那是表示对下级的关切。说话的时候需要一面想,一面说,为了控制说话的主动权,免得被别人插人、打断,人们可以使用“唔”“啊”之类的音节,表示“话还没有说完,你别着急”之类的意思。空白也表示意思,在说唱艺术中,什么时候停顿,停多久,都有讲究,以便使交际更有成效。这就是说,空间和时间的因素也在交际中得到了适当的运用。所以,各种伴随动作也是交际的工具。它们一般都是在语言的基础上产生的。即使像“察颜观色”这一类特定的交际方式,也必须有语言的交际为基础,预先有了一定的了解,对方才能领会。总之,在上述的种种交际工具当中,身势等伴随动作是非语言的交际工具;旗语之类是建立在语言、文字基础之上的辅助性交际工具;文字是建立在语言基础之上的一种最重要的辅助交际工具;

乾隆五十五年(公元1790年),在安徽一带很有名气的“三庆”徽戏班,来到北京演出。徽戏在北京经常和其他剧种同台演出,注意吸收和借鉴他们的长处。尤其是与以唱二黄调和西皮调为主的汉戏的合演,逐渐形成了二黄与西皮的合流,形成了“徽汉合流”的局面,后来徽剧又吸收其他民间曲调的唱腔、剧目和表演方式,逐渐形成以“皮黄”为主要声腔的京剧。到1840年左右,京剧的唱腔、念白、剧本和表演已经成熟,尤其是出现了以演“京戏”为主的一批演员,他们不再以徽戏、汉戏为名,而以演“京戏”自居。从此,诞生了一个独立的剧种──京剧。2、京剧的发展早期的京剧以迷人的唱腔、丰富的剧目、精彩的表演和京腔京味吸引了观众,使京城出现了京剧热。同治、光绪年间,京剧已经被京城市民承认,成为人们最喜爱的舞台艺术。并涌现出著名的“同光十三绝”。

4、维新思想推动下的变法运动虽然失败了。但这是中国近代真正意义上的一次思想解放潮流,为什么?展开:维新派提倡西学,兴民权,对封建专制制度和传统观念进行了冲击,促进了中国人民的觉醒,为资产阶级民主思想的传播奠定了基础,具有思想解放的启蒙作用。是一次救亡图存的爱国运动,也是一次发展资本主义的改革运动;他们提倡资产阶级新学,批判封建主义旧学,引导人们重新认识世界,他们痛感民族危机的严重,号召人们奋起救国,谋求国家的独立富强;给古老的中国社会注入的活力是不可低估的,站在历史长河的高度看,由传统农耕社会向近代工业社会转变是一股不可抗拒的历史潮流,尽管它在19世纪末的中国遭到了暂时挫折,但对清朝的封建专制统治却是一次巨大的强烈的冲击波,它留下的痕迹是永不磨灭的,是永远鼓舞与启迪后人的。

思考:1)材料1、2反映了一个什么样的严重问题?(饥饿和粮食问题)2)材料3中,中国农民为什么那样说?(邓小平在全国实行的以家庭联产承包责任制为主要形式的责任制调动了农民生产的积极性,解放了农村生产力,推动了农业的发展;袁隆平的杂交水稻提高了水稻产量,增加了农民的收入,解决了农民的吃饭问题)3)据以上材料指出,袁隆平研究的交水稻有何重大意义?(杂交稻不仅解决了中国人的吃饭问题;而且其在世界范围的推广,也有助于解决世界性的饥饿问题)四、计算机技术与生物技术的发展1、20世纪50年代,我国开始了计算机的研制工作;2、1983年,我国成功研制出巨型计算机“银河-Ⅰ号”,加速了国家信息化的发展;3、1965年,中国首次人工合成结晶牛胰岛素(在世界上第一次用人工方法合成出具有生物活性的蛋白质——结晶牛胰岛素) 。4、积极参与人类基因的研究(唯一的发展中国家)。

②顾炎武也激烈反对君主专制, 主张限制君权,提出亡国与亡天下的区别,认为,保卫一家一姓的国家,是君主及其大臣的事,而保卫天下是所有人的事,这段话后来被后人提炼为“天下兴亡,匹 夫有责”,鼓励人民关心国家大事。③王夫之认为天下的土地不能被君主一人所有,而应当是从事农业的老百姓都有份。2.经济上,重视手工业、商业的发展,强调经世致用。①黄宗羲驳斥轻视工商业的传统思想,指出工商业和农业一样,都是“民生之本”,应该受到保护。②顾炎武、王夫之主张文人多研究一些有关国计民生的现实问题,反对空谈。3.思想上,批判继承传统儒学,构筑具有时代特色的新思想体系。①黄宗羲批判旧儒学的“君为臣纲”的思想,继承先秦儒家的民本思想,提出 “天下为主,君为客”的新思想命题。

局限性:新三民主义在理论上、纲领上仍然没有超出资产阶级民主主义的范畴。且与中共民主革命纲领有着原则的区别。与中共革命纲领相比,新三民主义缺少的内容:八小时工作制、彻底实现人民的权利、社会主义。教学小结:(以问题代小结)(1)本课内容涉及孙中山先生一生两次重要的转变。你知道是哪两次吗?在学生讨论的基础上,教师总结:孙中山先生一生有两次重要的转变,第一次是放弃改良而走向革命道路;第二次是在他领导的一系列资产阶级革命活动失败后,接受苏俄和中共的帮助,把旧三民主义发展成为新三民主义,实行“联俄、联共、扶助农工”三大政策,实现了他一生中最伟大的转变。(2)孙中山先生的这两次转变说明了什么?这一问题可以让学生各抒己见,但教师总结时一定要紧扣孙中山先生与时俱进,为民族革命贡献毕生精力的高贵品质。

Step 2 Listening and Talking1. The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls, do you know some structures to talk about future activities? Talking about future activitiesWe’ll …I plan to …There’ll be …I hope to …We’re going to …2. After their small talk, the teacher can move on by playing the listening and solve the following task.Underline the expressions in the sentences below Cao Jing and Max use to talk about the future.We’ll learn useful skills.I plan to improve my spoken English.There’ll be students from different schools.I hope to make new friends.We’ll talk about teenage life.I’ll learn to make a fire.There’ll be students from different countries at the camp.There’ll be some experts there to show us how to live in the wild.We’re going to learn about wildlife.I’m going to give a speech.I think I’m going to enjoy the activities.I think we’ll have a lot of fun.3. Work in groups. Plan a youth camp.Teacher make the Ss think of ideas for the camp. And they can use the questions below to get started. And have the Ss present their ideas for a youth camp to the class.●What kind of camp is it?●Who will be there?●What will they do?●What will they learn?

Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.

【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教学过程】Step1: 语法自主探究一、基本组成方法1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你经常打羽毛球,是吗?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是吗?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去过上海,是吗?2.否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花,是吗?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰,是吗?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他们不能在星期五之前完成,是吗?

4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing

The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.

Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
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