二项式定理形式上的特点(1)二项展开式有n+1项,而不是n项.(2)二项式系数都是C_n^k(k=0,1,2,…,n),它与二项展开式中某一项的系数不一定相等.(3)二项展开式中的二项式系数的和等于2n,即C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.(4)在排列方式上,按照字母a的降幂排列,从第一项起,次数由n次逐项减少1次直到0次,同时字母b按升幂排列,次数由0次逐项增加1次直到n次.1.判断(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)(a+b)n展开式中共有n项. ( )(2)在公式中,交换a,b的顺序对各项没有影响. ( )(3)Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展开式中的第k项. ( )(4)(a-b)n与(a+b)n的二项式展开式的二项式系数相同. ( )[解析] (1)× 因为(a+b)n展开式中共有n+1项.(2)× 因为二项式的第k+1项Cknan-kbk和(b+a)n的展开式的第k+1项Cknbn-kak是不同的,其中的a,b是不能随便交换的.(3)× 因为Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展开式中的第k+1项.(4)√ 因为(a-b)n与(a+b)n的二项式展开式的二项式系数都是Crn.[答案] (1)× (2)× (3)× (4)√
2.某小组有20名射手,其中1,2,3,4级射手分别为2,6,9,3名.又若选1,2,3,4级射手参加比赛,则在比赛中射中目标的概率分别为0.85,0.64,0.45,0.32,今随机选一人参加比赛,则该小组比赛中射中目标的概率为________. 【解析】设B表示“该小组比赛中射中目标”,Ai(i=1,2,3,4)表示“选i级射手参加比赛”,则P(B)= P(Ai)P(B|Ai)= 2/20×0.85+ 6/20 ×0.64+ 9/20×0.45+ 3/20×0.32=0.527 5.答案:0.527 53.两批相同的产品各有12件和10件,每批产品中各有1件废品,现在先从第1批产品中任取1件放入第2批中,然后从第2批中任取1件,则取到废品的概率为________. 【解析】设A表示“取到废品”,B表示“从第1批中取到废品”,有P(B)= 112,P(A|B)= 2/11 ,P(A| )= 1/11所以P(A)=P(B)P(A|B)+P( )P(A| )4.有一批同一型号的产品,已知其中由一厂生产的占 30%, 二厂生产的占 50% , 三厂生产的占 20%, 又知这三个厂的产品次品率分别为2% , 1%, 1%,问从这批产品中任取一件是次品的概率是多少?
(2)方法一:第一次取到一件不合格品,还剩下99件产品,其中有4件不合格品,95件合格品,于是第二次又取到不合格品的概率为4/99,由于这是一个条件概率,所以P(B|A)=4/99.方法二:根据条件概率的定义,先求出事件A,B同时发生的概率P(AB)=(C_5^2)/(C_100^2 )=1/495,所以P(B|A)=(P"(" AB")" )/(P"(" A")" )=(1/495)/(5/100)=4/99.6.在某次考试中,要从20道题中随机地抽出6道题,若考生至少答对其中的4道题即可通过;若至少答对其中5道题就获得优秀.已知某考生能答对其中10道题,并且知道他在这次考试中已经通过,求他获得优秀成绩的概率.解:设事件A为“该考生6道题全答对”,事件B为“该考生答对了其中5道题而另一道答错”,事件C为“该考生答对了其中4道题而另2道题答错”,事件D为“该考生在这次考试中通过”,事件E为“该考生在这次考试中获得优秀”,则A,B,C两两互斥,且D=A∪B∪C,E=A∪B,由古典概型的概率公式及加法公式可知P(D)=P(A∪B∪C)=P(A)+P(B)+P(C)=(C_10^6)/(C_20^6 )+(C_10^5 C_10^1)/(C_20^6 )+(C_10^4 C_10^2)/(C_20^6 )=(12" " 180)/(C_20^6 ),P(E|D)=P(A∪B|D)=P(A|D)+P(B|D)=(P"(" A")" )/(P"(" D")" )+(P"(" B")" )/(P"(" D")" )=(210/(C_20^6 ))/((12" " 180)/(C_20^6 ))+((2" " 520)/(C_20^6 ))/((12" " 180)/(C_20^6 ))=13/58,即所求概率为13/58.
3.某县农民月均收入服从N(500,202)的正态分布,则此县农民月均收入在500元到520元间人数的百分比约为 . 解析:因为月收入服从正态分布N(500,202),所以μ=500,σ=20,μ-σ=480,μ+σ=520.所以月均收入在[480,520]范围内的概率为0.683.由图像的对称性可知,此县农民月均收入在500到520元间人数的百分比约为34.15%.答案:34.15%4.某种零件的尺寸ξ(单位:cm)服从正态分布N(3,12),则不属于区间[1,5]这个尺寸范围的零件数约占总数的 . 解析:零件尺寸属于区间[μ-2σ,μ+2σ],即零件尺寸在[1,5]内取值的概率约为95.4%,故零件尺寸不属于区间[1,5]内的概率为1-95.4%=4.6%.答案:4.6%5. 设在一次数学考试中,某班学生的分数X~N(110,202),且知试卷满分150分,这个班的学生共54人,求这个班在这次数学考试中及格(即90分及90分以上)的人数和130分以上的人数.解:μ=110,σ=20,P(X≥90)=P(X-110≥-20)=P(X-μ≥-σ),∵P(X-μσ)≈2P(X-μ130)=P(X-110>20)=P(X-μ>σ),∴P(X-μσ)≈0.683+2P(X-μ>σ)=1,∴P(X-μ>σ)=0.158 5,即P(X>130)=0.158 5.∴54×0.158 5≈9(人),即130分以上的人数约为9人.
解析:因为减法和除法运算中交换两个数的位置对计算结果有影响,所以属于组合的有2个.答案:B2.若A_n^2=3C_(n"-" 1)^2,则n的值为( )A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7 解析:因为A_n^2=3C_(n"-" 1)^2,所以n(n-1)=(3"(" n"-" 1")(" n"-" 2")" )/2,解得n=6.故选C.答案:C 3.若集合A={a1,a2,a3,a4,a5},则集合A的子集中含有4个元素的子集共有 个. 解析:满足要求的子集中含有4个元素,由集合中元素的无序性,知其子集个数为C_5^4=5.答案:54.平面内有12个点,其中有4个点共线,此外再无任何3点共线,以这些点为顶点,可得多少个不同的三角形?解:(方法一)我们把从共线的4个点中取点的多少作为分类的标准:第1类,共线的4个点中有2个点作为三角形的顶点,共有C_4^2·C_8^1=48(个)不同的三角形;第2类,共线的4个点中有1个点作为三角形的顶点,共有C_4^1·C_8^2=112(个)不同的三角形;第3类,共线的4个点中没有点作为三角形的顶点,共有C_8^3=56(个)不同的三角形.由分类加法计数原理,不同的三角形共有48+112+56=216(个).(方法二 间接法)C_12^3-C_4^3=220-4=216(个).
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
师:在科学发展过程中,前一个理论体系的不完善之处,往往是新的研究和新的发现的突破口。开普勒之后,意大利天文学家伽利略创制了天文望远镜,用更加精确的观察继续发展和验证哥白尼创立的新天文学理论。除了用望远镜进行天文观察以外,伽利略还开始进行自然科学的实验研究,哪位同学能给大家讲一讲伽利略在比萨斜塔上所作的关于物体自由下落的实验?生:(讲述这一实验)师:所以,伽利略在科学方面更加重要的贡献是奠定了近代实验科学的基础。(2)实验科学和唯物主义师:伽利略从实践上开辟了实验科学的方法,而英国唯物主义哲学家培根则从理论上阐述了实验科学的方法——归纳法。培根和伽利略同被称为实验科学之父,培根还有一句影响深刻的名言:“知识就是力量”,表明了他注重知识,尊崇科学的精神。我们再来概括一下意大利哲学家布鲁诺的唯物主义思想,是否有同学可以简述布鲁诺的生平事迹?
【活动准备】1、准备蚂蚁、蟋蟀、蜜蜂、孔雀等动物的图片。2、《小动物之间的联系方式》的录相。3、活动前,请幼儿找相关资料,简单了解小动物传递信息的方式及幼儿查找的小动物联络图文表。【活动过程】一、随音乐〈〈大家一起来〉〉进入活动场地 教师用拥抱、握手、拉幼儿舞蹈、动作、图画、语言等方式,让幼儿感受人类传递信息的方式方法(有动作、图文、声音、表情、新闻媒体等方式)从而印发幼儿了解动物之间的联络方式。
2、运用目测数群再接着数完全部的方法,正确判断7以内的数量。 3、能学习别人的好方法,乐意使用新的方法数数。活动准备: 1、经验准备:幼儿已经认识了数字1——7。 2、物质准备: 教具:房屋形分类底版,7以内的动物卡片若干。 学具:房屋形分类底版,7以内的动物卡人手一套,数字卡片1——7人手一套。 环境:在黑板上创设动物园的环境,并在每个区域贴上数字。 活动过程: 1、游戏:参观动物园。复习认识数字1——7。 师:今天,老师带你们到动物园去玩,好吗?(出示黑板)看,动物园里有几个房间呀?这是几号房间呢?(引导幼儿复习认读数字。) 2、游戏:和动物做朋友。学习运用目测数群再接着数完全部的方法,正确感知7以内的数量。
2、了解小树的生长过程,有初步的逻辑判断能力。 活动准备: 1、幼儿认识数字1—4,有初步目测4以内数的经验。 2、学具:相册模板16个,相应图片16套;教具:相册、照片范例。 活动过程: 1、导入,引起幼儿兴趣。 (1)师:树妈妈给树宝宝拍了许多照片,你们想看吗? 师:我们来看看,它都给小树拍了哪些照片。 (2)出示小树相片,幼儿感受照片上小树的不同数量和不同的生长阶段。 ①出示“小芽”的照片。 师:这是树宝宝的照片吗?是树宝宝什么时候的照片? 师:小的时候它叫什么呢? (引导幼儿说出小芽) 师:这是小树在小芽时候的照片,是几个小芽?(目测小芽的数量)
活动准备:1、地球仪、手电筒各一个。2、白色和黑色卡纸制成的“白天先生”和“黑夜小姐”人手一个。3、 32K大小的黑卡纸每人一张、笔。 活动环节: 一、念诗歌《我喜欢长长的夜》。(1)教师引导语:前几天诸老师和我们一起学习了一首好听的诗歌,叫什么呢?你们觉得这首诗歌听起来怎么样?(2)幼儿用温馨好听的声音来把诗歌念一遍。
2、教幼儿学习把相同颜色的不同物体放在一起。 3、激发幼儿参与活动的兴趣,培养幼儿讲述操作过程的习惯。 活动准备: 1、红、黄、绿色的小房子(纸盒做的)各一个,幼儿每人一篮(3—6片)红、黄、绿色雪花片。 2、红、黄、绿色花一朵,红、黄、绿色蝴蝶卡片各一个。 活动过程: 1、蝴蝶找花(把相同颜色的物体放在一起)。 教师出示红、黄、绿色花卡片和红、黄、绿色蝴蝶卡片各一个,讲述小故事,“花园里住着三只美丽的蝴蝶,一只是红色的(舞动红蝴蝶),一只是黄色的(舞动黄蝴蝶),还有一只是绿色的(舞动绿蝴蝶)。它们天天在花园里唱歌、跳舞、做游戏,非常快乐。有一天,三只蝴蝶正在花园里玩‘捉迷藏’的游戏,忽然‘哗啦拉’下起雨来,三只蝴蝶想在花姐姐的叶子下面避雨,花姐姐说:‘和我颜色一样的蝴蝶请进来吧!’谁愿意帮助三只蝴蝶找到相同颜色的花?” 2、游戏“蝴蝶找花”
2、巩固按物体的数量匹配相应的点卡。 3、在教师的引导下,理解活动操作过程,能正确地进行操作。 活动准备: 水果实物(苹果1个、橘子2个、梨子3个),单独的动物图片(每种动物数量分别是1、2、3),1—3的点卡,盘子3个,大分类箩筐1个。 活动过程: 一、妈妈买的水果。 1、教师(出示一篮水果):这是妈妈刚才买回来的水果,请你帮助妈妈一起来整理水果好吗? 2、师幼将水果拿出来放在桌子上说一说:有哪些水果? 3、启发幼儿思考:我们怎样整理它们呢?引导幼儿把一样的水果放在一个盘子
2、通过品尝饼干、观察饼干、触摸饼干,感知形状的基本特征,大胆想象其他圆形、正方形、三角形的物体。 3、在活动中愿意大胆的讲述。 活动准备: 1、教具: ——圆形、三角形、正方形的饼干若干,放置托盘中,并用盖布盖住。 ——圆形、三角形、正方形图片各一个。 2、学具 ——幼儿操作材料每人一份,彩色笔若干。 ——各种类似圆形、三角形、正方形的物品,例如:圆盘子、书、三角铁、镜子、积木、三角尺、插花等,散放在活动室的四周。
活动过程: (一)以变魔术的游戏形式导入,激发幼儿兴趣。 1、老师打扮成魔术师的样子对孩子们说:“我是神奇的魔术师,我能变出很多很多的东西,看我变变变”。(边说边转一圈,从袖子里拿出三角形)。 提问:(1)我变出了什么? (2)三角形有几条边?(伸出手点数) (3)你见过什么东西是三角形形状的? 2、用同样方法,从左兜里变出正方形,提问相似问题。 3、用同样方法,从右兜里变出圆形,提问相似问题。 (二)进行游戏:图形娃娃找家 1、以魔术师的身份变出图形娃娃,送给孩子们。 师:我的本领可大了,还能把你们变成图形娃娃,看我变变变(从隐蔽的地方拿出卡通图形娃娃挂饰,让幼儿辨认形状),你喜欢哪一个,就自取一个挂在脖子上,自己摸一摸,看一看你是什么形状的娃娃?
2、爱自己的家,乐于帮助爸爸妈妈招待客人。 3、能独立完成操作活动。 活动准备: 筷子若干双,托盘一个(内装有小包装的糕点若干),碟子3-5个(边上分别贴有一张7以内的数卡);实物展示仪。幼儿用书,幼儿人手一支笔;1-7的数字印章、印泥若干。 活动过程: 一、我帮妈妈夹花生。 教师:今天爸爸妈妈邀请了朋友来做客,你是家里的小主人,可以帮爸爸妈妈做些什么事呢? 鼓励幼儿提出帮助父母整理家里的物品,招待客人。 教师(出示贴有数卡的碟子):客人来了,爸爸妈妈要邀请客人吃点心。你知道客人想吃几个点心呢?你是怎么知道的? 教师(出示装有花生的托盘):谁愿意帮客人拿点心?请个别幼儿示范拿点心,鼓励幼儿看清卡上的数字,边拿边数。 教师将幼儿装有点心的小放在视频展示仪下面,师幼共同检查花生的数量和数卡是否一致。
活动目标 1、尝试分辨爸爸妈妈和宝宝的物品,感知物品的大小及其它特征。 2、学会按爸爸妈妈和宝宝的图片标记匹配相应的物品。 1、有初步地关心爸爸妈妈的情感体验。 活动准备: 教具:爸爸妈妈和宝宝的图片各一张,三个人的袜子、衣服等衣物若干。 学具:《幼儿用书》人手一册。 活动过程: 1、这是谁的衣服。 出示爸爸妈妈和宝宝的图片,向幼儿介绍:这是宝宝的一家。引导幼儿观察并说出谁是爸爸,谁是妈妈,谁是宝宝,你是怎么看出来的。 出示实物衣服、裤子等服装图片,请幼儿说说这些是什么?有什么不同?这是谁的衣服?你是怎么知道的?
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