1.判断正误(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)(1)函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,则函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减. ( )(2)函数在某一点的导数越大,函数在该点处的切线越“陡峭”. ( )(3)函数在某个区间上变化越快,函数在这个区间上导数的绝对值越大.( )(4)判断函数单调性时,在区间内的个别点f ′(x)=0,不影响函数在此区间的单调性.( )[解析] (1)√ 函数f (x)在区间(a,b)上都有f ′(x)<0,所以函数f (x)在这个区间上单调递减,故正确.(2)× 切线的“陡峭”程度与|f ′(x)|的大小有关,故错误.(3)√ 函数在某个区间上变化的快慢,和函数导数的绝对值大小一致.(4)√ 若f ′(x)≥0(≤0),则函数f (x)在区间内单调递增(减),故f ′(x)=0不影响函数单调性.[答案] (1)√ (2)× (3)√ (4)√例1. 利用导数判断下列函数的单调性:(1)f(x)=x^3+3x; (2) f(x)=sinx-x,x∈(0,π); (3)f(x)=(x-1)/x解: (1) 因为f(x)=x^3+3x, 所以f^' (x)=〖3x〗^2+3=3(x^2+1)>0所以f(x)=x^3+3x ,函数在R上单调递增,如图(1)所示
(一)说教材 《虞美人》选自高中语文统编版必修上册·古诗词诵读。《虞美人》是词中的代表作品,是李煜生命中最为重要的一首词作,极具艺术魅力,对于陶冶学生的情操,丰富和积淀学生的人文素养意义非凡。(二)说学情总体来说,所教班级的学生基础不强,学习意识略有偏差,在学习过程中需要教师深入浅出,不断创造动口、动手、动脑的机会,他们才能更好地达成教学目标。(三)说教学目标根据教学内容和学情分析,确定如下教学目标(1)探究这首词的内涵,了解李煜及其创作风格。(2)通过对本词的品析,提高词的鉴赏能力。(3)通过对比阅读,体会李煜词 “赤子之心” 、“以血书者”的特色,体味其深沉的亡国之恨和故国之思。
教师活动:(1)组织学生回答相关结论,小组之间互相补充评价完善。教师进一步概括总结。(2)对学生的结论予以肯定并表扬优秀的小组,对不理想的小组予以鼓励。(3)多媒体投放板书二:超重现象:物体对支持物的压力(或对悬挂物的拉力)大于物体所受到的重力的情况称为超重现象。实质:加速度方向向上。失重现象:物体对支持物的压力(或对悬挂物的拉力)小于物体所受到的重力的情况称为失重现象。实质:加速度方向向下。(4)运用多媒体展示电梯中的现象,引导学生在感性认识的基础上进一步领会基本概念。4.实例应用,结论拓展:教师活动:展示太空舱中宇航员的真实生活,引导学生应用本节所学知识予以解答。学生活动:小组讨论后形成共识。教师活动:(1)引导学生分小组回答相关问题,小组间互相完善补充,教师加以规范。(2)指定学生完成导学案中“思考与讨论二”的两个问题。
【设计思路】新课程十分强调科学探究在科学课程中的作用,应该说科学探究是这次课程改革的核心。我觉得:科学探究不一定是要让学生纯粹地通过实验进行探究,应该说科学探究是一种科学精神,学生只要通过自己的探索和体验,变未知为已知,这样的教学活动也是科学探究。本节课是概念教学课,让学生纯粹地通过实验进行探究是不太合适的。但通过学生自己的探索和体验,变未知为已知还比较合适。本节课的设计就是基于这样的出发点,在引出加速度的概念时低台阶,步步深入,充分激活学生的思维,是学生思维上的探究。通过复习前边速度时间图像,从而得到从图像上得到加速度的方法,为加深加速度概念和相关知识的理解有配套了相应练习题目,做到强化练习的目的。【教学目标】知识与技能1.理解加速度的意义,知道加速度是表示速度变化快慢的物理量.知道它的定义、公式、符号和单位,能用公式a=△v/△t进行定量计算.2.知道加速度与速度的区别和联系,会根据加速度与速度的方向关系判断物体是加速运动还是减速运动.3.能从匀变速直线运动的v—t图象理解加速度的意义.
三、作出速度-时间图像(v-t图像)1、确定运动规律最好办法是作v-t图像,这样能更好地显现物体的运动规律。2、x y x1 x2 y2 y1 0讨论如何在本次实验中描点、连线。(以时间t为横轴,速度v为纵轴,建立坐标系,选择合适的标度,把刚才所填表格中的各点在速度-时间坐标系中描出。注意观察和思考你所描画的这些点的分布规律,你会发现这些点大致落在同一条直线上,所以不能用折线连接,而用一根直线连接,还要注意连线两侧的点数要大致相同。)3、若出现了个别明显偏离绝大部分点所在直线的点,该如何处理?(对于个别明显偏离绝大部分点所在直线的点,我们可以认为是测量误差过大、是测量中出现差错所致,将它视为无效点,但是在图像当中仍应该保留,因为我们要尊重实验事实,这毕竟是我们的第一手资料,是原始数据。)4、怎样根据所画的v-t图像求加速度?(从所画的图像中取两个点,找到它们的纵、横坐标(t1,v1)、(t2,v2),然后代入公式,求得加速度,也就是直线的斜率。在平面直角坐标系中,直线的斜率
【设计思路】新课程十分强调科学探究在科学课程中的作用,应该说科学探究是这次课程改革的核心。我觉得:科学探究不一定是要让学生纯粹地通过实验进行探究,应该说科学探究是一种科学精神,学生只要通过自己的探索和体验,变未知为已知,这样的教学活动也是科学探究。本节课是概念教学课,让学生纯粹地通过实验进行探究是不太合适的。但通过学生自己的探索和体验,变未知为已知还比较合适。本节课的设计就是基于这样的出发点,在引出加速度的概念时低台阶,步步深入,充分激活学生的思维,是学生思维上的探究。通过复习前边速度时间图像,从而得到从图像上得到加速度的方法,为加深加速度概念和相关知识的理解有配套了相应练习题目,做到强化练习的目的。【教学目标】知识与技能1.理解加速度的意义,知道加速度是表示速度变化快慢的物理量.知道它的定义、公式、符号和单位,能用公式a=△v/△t进行定量计算.2.知道加速度与速度的区别和联系,会根据加速度与速度的方向关系判断物体是加速运动还是减速运动.
3、若出现了个别明显偏离绝大部分点所在直线的点,该如何处理?(对于个别明显偏离绝大部分点所在直线的点,我们可以认为是测量误差过大、是测量中出现差错所致,将它视为无效点,但是在图像当中仍应该保留,因为我们要尊重实验事实,这毕竟是我们的第一手资料,是原始数据。)4、怎样根据所画的v-t图像求加速度?(从所画的图像中取两个点,找到它们的纵、横坐标(t1,v1)、(t2,v2),然后代入公式,求得加速度,也就是直线的斜率。在平面直角坐标系中,直线的斜率四、实践与拓展例1、在探究小车速度随时间变化规律的实验中,得到一条记录小车运动情况的纸带,如图所示。图中A、B、C、D、E为相邻的计数点,相邻计数点的时间间隔为T=0.1s。⑴根据纸带上的数据,计算B、C、D各点的数据,填入表中。
学生已经学习了指数运算性质,有了这些知识作储备,教科书通过利用指数运算性质,推导对数的运算性质,再学习利用对数的运算性质化简求值。课程目标1、通过具体实例引入,推导对数的运算性质;2、熟练掌握对数的运算性质,学会化简,计算.数学学科素养1.数学抽象:对数的运算性质;2.逻辑推理:换底公式的推导;3.数学运算:对数运算性质的应用;4.数学建模:在熟悉的实际情景中,模仿学过的数学建模过程解决问题.重点:对数的运算性质,换底公式,对数恒等式及其应用;难点:正确使用对数的运算性质和换底公式.教学方法:以学生为主体,采用诱思探究式教学,精讲多练。教学工具:多媒体。一、 情景导入回顾指数性质:(1)aras=ar+s(a>0,r,s∈Q).(2)(ar)s= (a>0,r,s∈Q).(3)(ab)r= (a>0,b>0,r∈Q).那么对数有哪些性质?如 要求:让学生自由发言,教师不做判断。而是引导学生进一步观察.研探.
对数与指数是相通的,本节在已经学习指数的基础上通过实例总结归纳对数的概念,通过对数的性质和恒等式解决一些与对数有关的问题.课程目标1、理解对数的概念以及对数的基本性质;2、掌握对数式与指数式的相互转化;数学学科素养1.数学抽象:对数的概念;2.逻辑推理:推导对数性质;3.数学运算:用对数的基本性质与对数恒等式求值;4.数学建模:通过与指数式的比较,引出对数定义与性质.重点:对数式与指数式的互化以及对数性质;难点:推导对数性质.教学方法:以学生为主体,采用诱思探究式教学,精讲多练。教学工具:多媒体。一、 情景导入已知中国的人口数y和年头x满足关系 中,若知年头数则能算出相应的人口总数。反之,如果问“哪一年的人口数可达到18亿,20亿,30亿......”,该如何解决?要求:让学生自由发言,教师不做判断。而是引导学生进一步观察.研探.
本节课是新版教材人教A版普通高中课程标准实验教科书数学必修1第四章第4.3.2节《对数的运算》。其核心是弄清楚对数的定义,掌握对数的运算性质,理解它的关键就是通过实例使学生认识对数式与指数式的关系,分析得出对数的概念及对数式与指数式的 互化,通过实例推导对数的运算性质。由于它还与后续很多内容,比如对数函数及其性质,这也是高考必考内容之一,所以在本学科有着很重要的地位。解决重点的关键是抓住对数的概念、并让学生掌握对数式与指数式的互化;通过实例推导对数的运算性质,让学生准确地运用对数运算性质进行运算,学会运用换底公式。培养学生数学运算、数学抽象、逻辑推理和数学建模的核心素养。1、理解对数的概念,能进行指数式与对数式的互化;2、了解常用对数与自然对数的意义,理解对数恒等式并能运用于有关对数计算。
函数在高中数学中占有很重要的比重,因而作为函数的第一节内容,主要从三个实例出发,引出函数的概念.从而就函数概念的分析判断函数,求定义域和函数值,再结合三要素判断函数相等.课程目标1.理解函数的定义、函数的定义域、值域及对应法则。2.掌握判定函数和函数相等的方法。3.学会求函数的定义域与函数值。数学学科素养1.数学抽象:通过教材中四个实例总结函数定义;2.逻辑推理:相等函数的判断;3.数学运算:求函数定义域和求函数值;4.数据分析:运用分离常数法和换元法求值域;5.数学建模:通过从实际问题中抽象概括出函数概念的活动,培养学生从“特殊到一般”的分析问题的能力,提高学生的抽象概括能力。重点:函数的概念,函数的三要素。难点:函数概念及符号y=f(x)的理解。
例7 用描述法表示抛物线y=x2+1上的点构成的集合.【答案】见解析 【解析】 抛物线y=x2+1上的点构成的集合可表示为:{(x,y)|y=x2+1}.变式1.[变条件,变设问]本题中点的集合若改为“{x|y=x2+1}”,则集合中的元素是什么?【答案】见解析 【解析】集合{x|y=x2+1}的代表元素是x,且x∈R,所以{x|y=x2+1}中的元素是全体实数.变式2.[变条件,变设问]本题中点的集合若改为“{y|y=x2+1}”,则集合中的元素是什么?【答案】见解析 【解析】集合{ y| y=x2+1}的代表元素是y,满足条件y=x2+1的y的取值范围是y≥1,所以{ y| y=x2+1}={ y| y≥1},所以集合中的元素是大于等于1的全体实数.解题技巧(认识集合含义的2个步骤)一看代表元素,是数集还是点集,二看元素满足什么条件即有什么公共特性。
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
导语在必修第一册中,我们研究了函数的单调性,并利用函数单调性等知识,定性的研究了一次函数、指数函数、对数函数增长速度的差异,知道“对数增长” 是越来越慢的,“指数爆炸” 比“直线上升” 快得多,进一步的能否精确定量的刻画变化速度的快慢呢,下面我们就来研究这个问题。新知探究问题1 高台跳水运动员的速度高台跳水运动中,运动员在运动过程中的重心相对于水面的高度h(单位:m)与起跳后的时间t(单位:s)存在函数关系h(t)=-4.9t2+4.8t+11.如何描述用运动员从起跳到入水的过程中运动的快慢程度呢?直觉告诉我们,运动员从起跳到入水的过程中,在上升阶段运动的越来越慢,在下降阶段运动的越来越快,我们可以把整个运动时间段分成许多小段,用运动员在每段时间内的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的运动状态。
气候变化对健康的影响 气候变化对人体健康的不良影响是不难发现的:热浪冲击频繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特别是心脏呼吸系统疾病发病率增加;对气候变化敏感的传染性疾病如疟疾和登革热的传播范围可能增加。极端气候事件, 如干旱、水灾、暴风雨等, 使死亡率、伤残率及传染病疾病率上升, 并增加社会心理压力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能与气候变化有间接的关系, 如疟疾是通过蚊子传播的疾病,气候变化可能使某些变暖地区的蚊子数目增加, 从而加重了疟疾的发生。我国1994年疟疾的发病率为5.3408/10万, 居全国法定传染病的第六位。血吸虫病的发展与高温及灌溉系统的扩增有关。我国1994年南方12省市血吸虫病患者的检出率高达3.67%,不能忽视气候变化对此的可能影响。还有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革热、黑热病等也有与气候关系的报道。另外, CO2、一些空气污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加过敏疾患及心脏呼吸系统疾病和死亡。
战国阴阳五行家邹衍认为,历史中的朝代更替是由于五德运行产生的影响。按照邹衍的学说,每个朝代必须与五德之一相连,因此,这个朝代就应当遵循这五德之一的要求来运转。董仲舒修改了这个理论,认为朝代的更替不是依循五德运行的顺序,而是依循“三统”,即黑统、白统、赤统的顺序。他在《三代改制质文》中说:每个朝代都依循一统,每统又各有其为政的系统。按董仲舒的说法,夏朝代表黑统,商朝代表白统;周朝则是赤统。夏、商、周三朝完成了这一历史循环。之后,历史又开始一次新的循环,新的朝代又应当代表黑统。继承周朝统治的既不是秦朝,也不是汉朝,而是孔子,他承受天命,创立了黑统。孔子所受天命,不是一种“法统”,而是一种“道统”。董仲舒说:“《春秋》大一统者,天地之常经,古今之通谊也。今师异道,人异论,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡以持一统;法制数变,下不知所守。臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科孔子之术者,皆绝其道,勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息,然后统纪可一而法度可明,民知所从矣。”
4、维新思想推动下的变法运动虽然失败了。但这是中国近代真正意义上的一次思想解放潮流,为什么?展开:维新派提倡西学,兴民权,对封建专制制度和传统观念进行了冲击,促进了中国人民的觉醒,为资产阶级民主思想的传播奠定了基础,具有思想解放的启蒙作用。是一次救亡图存的爱国运动,也是一次发展资本主义的改革运动;他们提倡资产阶级新学,批判封建主义旧学,引导人们重新认识世界,他们痛感民族危机的严重,号召人们奋起救国,谋求国家的独立富强;给古老的中国社会注入的活力是不可低估的,站在历史长河的高度看,由传统农耕社会向近代工业社会转变是一股不可抗拒的历史潮流,尽管它在19世纪末的中国遭到了暂时挫折,但对清朝的封建专制统治却是一次巨大的强烈的冲击波,它留下的痕迹是永不磨灭的,是永远鼓舞与启迪后人的。