同学们,今天我们一起来认识一位文化名人。他因长期的贬谪生活,使他的内心十分郁闷,因此,他寄情山水,写下了著名的山水游记《永州八记》。他就是——柳宗元。余秋雨先生曾这样评价柳宗元,他说:“灾难也给了他一份宁静,使他有了足够的时间与自然相晤,与自我对话!”今天,就让我们一同走进柳宗元,走进他的《小石潭记》。(因为这段导语不仅提示了写作背景、文章内容,暗示了作者情感,能为学生学课文作背景、情感铺垫,而且语言很有吸引力,余秋雨的深情评述,易感染学生。导入语亲切,像导游一样引领学生饶有兴趣地进入文本。)(二)朗读、感知、品悟古人云:“三分诗文七分读”。文言文教学应重视积累、感悟和熏陶。要达到这一目的,最有效的手段是诵读。所以这节课我设计了四个朗读环节。(设计意图:在多重对话中理解文本:学生通过四个层次的朗读、品味语言和文本进行对话;通过体味柳宗元情怀与作者进行对话;通过有创见性地探究与生活进行对话;通过合作、交流、分享实现师生、生生之间的对话,在多重对话中达成教学目标。)
从作文批改的情况来看,较多学生作文的字数不足,文章的段落少,语句不够通顺,中心不明确,有的同学作文只是从阅读短文中抄些内容,甚至个别同学一个字也不写,写作态度极差。针对上述情况,我认为,作为教者要强化基础知识、阅读和作文教学,使本年级的学生的语文成绩有所提高。改变态度,关爱学生。放下架子,蹲下身子,走进学生的心灵,学生才会亲其师,信其道。情感的交流是我们工作的突破口,用情感到学生,激发学生的学习热情和潜能。我们的策略是:扶特---促中---培优,通过个别辅导和分散培优的形式对学生进行扶特培优,具体做好四个字:细,从细节、小事入手。盯,盯紧特殊学生,矫正他们的不良行为。帮,建立帮扶制度,建立课后辅导机制。活,开展竞赛,开展活动。因材施教,分层要求。在教学过程中,不仅要关注优秀生和特殊生,也要关注中等生和下等生,努力提高整体成绩。
一、新课导入 同学们,谁看见过时间?“逝者如斯夫,不舍昼夜”,孔子把时间比作一去不复返的流水;“光阴似箭,日月如梭”,在这里人们把时间比作为飞速的“箭”和“梭”…… 其实时间把它的脚印留在了许许多多我们不曾看到、不曾了解的地方。在那里,隐藏着的不仅仅是时间的脚印,而且还有无数的宝藏。例如,那千万年来躺在山野里的岩石,便是一部历史的教科书…… 今天,我们就来共同学习我国著名科普学家陶世龙的科普小品《时间的脚印》,和陶老先生一起走进大自然。二、关于岩石岩石分为三大类:火成岩、沉积岩、变质岩。沉积岩分为沙石岩和泥石岩,砾岩是沙石岩的一种。我们日常生活中见到的鹅卵石,和今天我们见到的雨花石,都是砾岩的一种。砾岩体积较大,内部有原始形态的鹅卵石和雨花石,质地较硬,称为“砾”;在“砾”和“砾”之间,有质地较细较软的岩石。它们紧挨在一起,形态有点像公园里的鹅卵石小道。当砾岩中较细较软的部分松动,原始形态的鹅卵石和雨花石就脱离开来,经过长期的水流搬运、冲击,被不断地磨圆,最后沉积在河床的底部。
一.说教材1.教材的地位及作用《壶口瀑布》是人民教育出版社《语文》(基础模块)下册第5单元的第一篇课文,也是大纲要求基础模块下册“阅读与欣赏”的第一篇课文。本单元主题是“人与自然”,教学目的是使学生正确理解人类和大自然的关系,直面如何善待自然,善待每一个生命等问题,从而获得新的感悟。课文通过对壶口瀑布,对黄河的赞美,联想到人勇往直前的精神;对大自然的赞美和对人性精神的赞美,正是落实本单元学习目的的载体。2.教学目标根据大纲要求,我从教材和学生实际出发,确定了知识、能力、情感三个教学目标。知识目标是:感受壶口瀑布雄伟壮阔的气势,了解壶口瀑布的特点。能力目标是:领会课文运用多种手法描写壶口瀑布的妙处,学习多种描写手法的运用。情感目标是:领悟作者借自然景观所表达的对于人生的思考和对于民族精神的歌颂。
一:说教材1.说教材的地位。《社戏》是初中语文八年级下册第1单元的一篇课文,就体裁而言,它属于小说。就内容而言,它是以“社戏”这一江南水乡文化活动为线索,表现了作者的一段童年生活经历。课文通过“我”和少年伙伴们夏夜行船、船上看戏、月下归航等情节的描写,展示了“我”的一段天真烂漫、童趣盎然的生活经历,表现了作者对童年生活的美好回忆和对故乡的眷恋之情。所以本文定位在“文化生活”上,体现了语文同文化生活的密切关系。因此教学本文除教会学生使用语文工具外,还有就是培育学生对课外生活的关注。课文《社戏》以“社戏”这一江南水乡文化活动为线索,表现了“我”的一段童年生活经历。课文通过“我”和少年伙伴们夏夜行船、船上看戏、月下归航等情节的描写,展示了“我”的一段天真烂漫、童趣盎然的江南水乡文化生活经历。
一、说教材1、教材简析:《桃花源记》是人教版初中语文八年级下册第3单元第一课,第三单元是文言文单元,《桃花源记》《小石潭记》《核舟记》等几篇文章从不同的角度表现了古人的“理想”。《桃花源记》作为本单元的开篇之作,在艺术创作上也堪称经典。文章虽篇幅短小,但其文笔简洁至极而文采飞扬。陶渊明在归隐田园的第16年写作此文。陶渊明生活在晋宋易代之际,连年混战,赋役繁重,这些状况激起陶渊明思想的波澜,产生了对当权者的不满,加深了对当时社会的憎恨。但他无力改变,也不愿与统治者同流合污,只好借助创作来抒发情怀。 2、教学目标:《语文课程标准》(实验稿)对7~9年级学生的阅读能力提出这样的要求“阅读浅显的文言文,能借助注释和工具书理解基本内容,并积累一些常用的文言词。初步领悟作品内涵,从中获得对自然、社会、人生的有益启示。对作品的思想感情倾向,能联系文化背景作出自己的评价。”初一年级的学生基本能够借助课下注释和工具书能读懂课文的意思。根据三维教学理念,结合文体特征,我将本课教学目标设定为:
◇探究提示:传统文化对现实生活是财富还是包袱,要具体问题具体分析,不可一概而论。例如,“忠”是我国古代伦理道德的最高原则,《左传》中的“临患不忘国,忠也”,要人们尽自己最大努力,为维护国家利益而献身,是积极的,对现实生活来说就是财富,应该提倡;而宋代的“君要臣死,臣不得不死”的封建忠君思想对现实生活来说是包袱,应该抛弃。2.继承传统文化的正确态度如何继承传统文化,发挥传统文化的积极作用呢?正确的态度是:“取其精华,去其糟粕”,批判继承,古为今用。面对传统文化,要辩证地认识它们在现实生活屯的作用,分辨其中的精华和糟粕。对于传统文化中符合社会发展要求的、积极向上的内容,应该继续保持和发扬。对于传统文化中不符合社会发展要求的、落后的、腐朽的东西,必须“移风易俗”,自觉地加以改造或剔除。
思考:在我们今天的生活中,应该如何认识“孝”道?(“孝”为中华民族传统道德之本。在封建社会,“孝”被异化为封建统治阶级统治人民、维系政权的一个最重要的工具;一切听命于“一家之长”的观念,使人们往往屈从于独断的权威或传统的家庭礼教,失去了独立的人格。另一方面,“孝”从它本身意义出发,所包含的尊老、敬老、养老,以及亲亲、爱人、爱国,正是中华民族的一大传统美德,是中华民族家庭和睦、邻里相亲、社会稳定的重要内在因素。因此,孝道已被列为中华传统道德教育的重要内容。)所以我们要辩证地认识传统文化在现实生活中的作用,做到“取其精华,去其糟粕;批判继承,古为今用”。对于传统文化中符合社会发展要求的、积极的、向上的内容,应该继续保持和发扬。对于传统文化中不符合社会发展要求的、落后的、腐朽的东西,必须“移风易俗”,自觉地加以改造或剔除。2、正确对待传统文化的意义
【点津】 1.不定式的复合结构作目的状语 ,当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构?即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for +名词或宾格代词?作状语。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他开门让孩子们进来。目的状语从句与不定式的转换 英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况: 1?当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作定语和表语的功能和意义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否在理解文段内容的基础上,根据上下文语境和表达逻辑,能正确运用动词-ing形式描述节日庆典。3、通过本节内容学习,学生是否归纳和积累用于表达情绪的相关词汇。
Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点总结林巧稚的人生原则和人格品质特征;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否针对人生抉择发表自己的看法;能否全面地、客观地、理性地看待问题,进而对道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点快速而准确地找到主题句;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否理清论说文的语篇结构和文本逻辑,了解节日风俗发展与变迁,感悟节日的内涵与意义。
The joke set her crying.这个玩笑使她哭起来。Step 5 ReadingActivity 31. Students read the small text in activity 3. The teacher provides several small questions to check whether students understand the content of the text and the ideographic function of the -ing form in the text.*Where are those people?*Why did Dr Bethune come to China?*How did he help the Chinese people during the war?*What did Chairman Mao Zedong say about him?2. Ss try to rewrite some sentences using the -ing form. Then check the answers. When checking the answers, the teacher can ask different students to read the rewritten sentences and give comments.Answers:1. he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor.2. …after hearing that many people were dying in the war.3. Helping to organise hospitals, he taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid./ He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid.4. …praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China.Step 6 PracticeActivity 4Students complete grammar activities 2 and 3 on page 69 of the workbook.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握动词-ing形式作宾语补足语语和状语语的功能和意义;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否正确使用动词-ing形式描述人物的行为、动作及其经历;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
3.Teachers ask different groups to report the answers to the questions and ask them to try different sentence patterns.The teacher added some sentence patterns for students to refer to when writing.Step 4 Writing taskActivity 51.Write the first draft.Students first review the evaluation criteria in activity 5, and then independently complete the draft according to the outline of activity 4, the answers to the questions listed in the group discussion and report, and the reference sentence pattern.2.Change partners.The teacher guides the students to evaluate their partner's composition according to the checklist of activity 5 and proposes Suggestions for modification.3.Finalize the draft.Based on the peer evaluation, students revise their own compositions and determine the final draft.Finally, through group recommendation, the teacher selects excellent compositions for projection display or reading aloud in class, and gives comments and Suggestions.Step 5 Showing writingActivity 5T call some Ss to share their writing.Step 6 Homework1. Read the passage in this section to better understand the passage.2. Carefully understand the hierarchical structure of the article, and deeply understand the plot of the story according to the causes, process and results;3. Independently complete the relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否通过人物言行的对比分析道德故事的深层内涵;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否根据故事的起因、经过和结果来深入理解故事的情节,从而了解文章的层次结构;4、结合现实生活案例发表自己的见解和看法,写一篇观点明确、层次分明的故事评论。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.价格与战前相同。(4)定语从句中的“关系代词+助动词be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否根据上下文语境或情景恢复句子中省略的成分,体会使用省略的效果;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否独立完成练习册和导学案中的相关练习。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通过本节内容学习,学生是否理解和掌握阅读文本中的新词汇的意义与用法;2、通过本节内容学习,学生能否结合文本特点了解文章的结构和作者的写作逻辑;3、通过本节内容学习,学生能否了解旧金山的城市风貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亚州的历史,体会多元文化对美国的影响。
该板块的活动主题是“介绍一个有显著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。该板块通过介绍中国城继续聚焦中国文化。本单元主题图呈现的是旧金山中国城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中国城,为该板块作铺垫。介绍中国城的目的主要是体现中国文化与美国多元文化的关系,它是美国多元文化的重要组成部分。中国城也是海外华人的精神家园和传播中国文化的重要窗口,外国人在中国城能近距离体验中国文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
一、知识与能力:(1)了解中国古代不同时期的文学特色;(2)了解、诗,词、歌、赋等各种不同的知识内容和形式,知道和掌握一定数量的名家作品;(3)拓宽文化视野,提高赏析和运用古代文学作品的能力。二、过程与方法:(1)通过教科书及教师提供的材料以及自己的日常积累,通过阅读,讨论,分析,评论了解各个不同时期的文学发展特色。(2)通过阅读,观察,练习,欣赏,表演,评论,创作等方式积极参与教学;通过独立思考或合作学习对所学的内容进行比较,概括和阐释;学会合作学习和相互交流。三、情感态度与价值观:通过本课学习,了解中国古代灿烂的文化。通过对文学家、诗人及其文学作品的分析,把学生带进文学艺术的殿堂,感受古人的呼吸,思想,情操。增强文化修养。
苏联文学的沿革,既反映了苏联社会的伟大思想性变革,又反映了苏联文坛活跃与混乱并存的局面,特别是其所具有强烈的意识形态色彩是苏联社会深层次变化的风向标。(2)20世纪的亚、非、拉美文学20世纪亚、非、拉美文学的繁荣伴随着民族民主运动的高涨,其主流都体现了反对殖民压迫、反对社会不公的爱国主义精神。出现了许多颇有影响的作家和作品。泰戈尔是印度近现代文学的光辉代表,为印度现代民族主义奠定了基础。其代表作《戈拉》塑造了爱国的印度民族主义知识分子形象。泰戈尔是首位获诺贝尔文学奖的东方作家。鲁迅是中国文学革命的巨匠,他的《呐喊》集,昭示着中国新文学时代的到来。哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的《百年孤独》,描绘加勒比海沿岸小城百年孤独的原因及打破这种状态的途径。
一、说教材:《军神》是九年义务教育第十册第四单元的一篇精讲课文,这一单元的内容体现了战争年代英雄人物的崇高品质和老一辈革命家的坚强的革命意志,表达了作者强烈的思想感情。本单元重点训练项目是“阅读要有一定的速度”。因此,教学本单元课文的重点,不仅要引导学生理解课文内容,体会作者所表达的思想感情,而且要围绕“阅读要有一定的速度”培养学生阅读能力。《军神》是这一单元的一篇课文,它通过记叙刘伯承在重庆治疗受伤的眼睛时,拒绝使用麻药的事,表现了刘伯承钢铁般的意志,表达了作者对刘伯承的敬佩和赞扬的感情。课文是按事情发展顺序记叙的,以沃克医生的神态、情绪变化为线索,先写沃克医生给刘伯承检查眼睛伤势,发现这个“邮局职员”是个军人;接着写沃克医生给刘伯承做手术,刘伯承拒绝使用麻药;最后写手术后沃克医生对刘伯承的钦佩。