陆王心学与程朱理学相比有何异同?生 不同点:在理的内涵上不同,程朱理学认为“理”是贯通于宇宙、人伦的客观存在,是一种普遍的规律准则;陆王心学认为心即理,是“良知”,认为人心便是世界万物的本原。方法上也有不同:前者向外追究,“格物致知”;后者向内探求,“发明本心”以求理,克服私欲、回复良知。生 相同点:都提出了一个宇宙、社会、人生遵循的“理”。师 对。程朱理学是客观唯心主义,阳明心学是主观唯心主义。这两者的分歧是理学范围内的分歧,其基本思想是一致的。师 宋明理学与汉唐以前的儒学比较,最大的特点在于批判地吸收了佛教哲学的思辨结构和道教的宇宙生成论,将儒家的伦理学说概括升华为哲学基本问题。其实质是把佛、道“养性”“修身”引向儒家的“齐家”“治国”“平天下”,对儒家的纲常道德给予哲学论证,使之神圣化、绝对化、普遍化,以便深入人心,做到人人遵而行之。
Step 2 Pre-listeningAfter students finish their discussion, I will show a picture of Newton and ask them: Who is him? What is he famous for? Could you find out some words to describe him? Maybe students will answer that he is genius for his finding of theGravitation, making a great contribution to the progress of human being. At that time I will show another two pictures of Einstein and Hawking, letting students guess who they are and write down their idea about the Gravitation. For I have arranged them to search more information about the gravity before this class, Students have beenfamiliar with the topic and will not be afraid about this abstract conception, which is helpful for their listening.Step 3 While-listeningIn this step, students will be required to listen the material for three times. The first and listening is extensive listening and the second and third listening is intensive listening. In the first time, They are required to listen a material including Part 1 and Part 2 and choose the best summary of the listening text. After they choose the right answer, They also need work in group to explain what is wrong with the others. Then I will make a conclusion that we should pay attention to the first paragraph and last paragraph and some keys to get the main idea. By doing this, their capacity of generalization will have a great improvement.Before the second listening, I will ask students to scan the blank on the power point quickly and ask them to note down some key words .Then ask them to listen to the Part 1again and fill the first column of the chart. Maybe some students just show the ideas of these three scientists an still can’t catch their development of gravity. Therefore, I will ask them to listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest. After finish the listening, I will give them ten minutes to discuss with their partner. I will also guidethem to improve their answers when they discuss with others.
Teaching plan for Unit 1 book3Good morning, teachers. It’s my great pleasure to be here because I can share my lesson with you and I can learn a lot from it. I’ll begin my lesson from the following four parts, the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods and the teaching procedure.Firstly, let me talk about the teaching material. The content of my lesson is the reading passage festivals and celebrations of Unit 1 Festivals around the world. This passage is about festivals and celebrations. By studying this passage, we’ll enable the students to know that festivals exit everywhere, and many of festivals in different countries celebrate similar ideas. As we all know, the reading passage is the center of each unit. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.After studying the teaching material, I think the teaching aims are as the followings:1. Knowledge aims:(1) The Ss can master the usage of the important words andexpressions.(2)The Ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.Make students know about the festivals all over the world and the detail of the festivals, such as origin, content, and the date of the holiday festivals.2. Ability aims:(1) Students can talk about festivals and celebrations in English(2) To improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.3. Emotion aims:Make the Ss know about the foreign festivals, and respect other countries’ custom.Next, let’s come to the important points and the difficult points.The important point is how to make the Ss understand the text better and the difficult point is how can they talk about it. secondly, Teaching Methods:1. task-based Language Teaching2. Computer assisted language teaching.3. question-and–answer methodThirdly, Studying Methods:
在接下来的细读环节,我套用了高考对阅读理解的考查方式设置了5个问题,分别为三个推理判断题,一个细节题和一个主旨大意题。学生需要对文章的内容进行分析、归纳、推理、猜测等高级思维活动才能做出正确的回答。【设计意图】这一过程是对学生进行细读的训练,培养学生获取特定信息和挖掘文章深层次信息的能力。第三环节:Intensive-reading (精读) 15′第三个环节精读,既是最重要的环节,也是突破本课重难点的关键。首先,让学生思考剧本中人物看到百万英镑前后的态度发生了怎样的变化。其次,让学生仔细阅读文章,找出可以表现人物态度变化的具体的语言和动作。最后,让学生总结人物的态度发生变化的根本原因是什么,从而引出Money Talks, 供学生思考。【设计意图】通过一系列的活动培养学生学习从人物的语言和动作探究人物的心理,使学生进一步体会戏剧语言的魅力,从而对文章背后所反映的社会问题进行思考,也为下一步的讨论环节做好铺垫。
(一)社会安全教育 1.了解在公共场所活动时的安全常识,遵守公共规则,避免扰乱公共秩序行为的发生。 2.认识与陌生人交往中应当注意的问题,逐步形成基本的自我保护意识。 3.了解社会安全类突发事故的危险和危害,提高自我保护能力。引导学生形成基本的自我保护意识。
一是切实加强对家庭教育工作的领导。市妇联作为家庭教育工作牵头单位,每年召开一次家庭教育工作会议,对全市家庭教育工作进行总结部署;每年召开一次家庭教育讲师团会议,对家庭教育工作存在的问题进行分析梳理;每年开展各类家庭教育道德实践活动,今年,我们开展了一场以智慧应对逆反为主题的家庭教育知识专题讲座、“关注女童安全保护儿童权益创建平安家庭”为主题的儿童安全知识进校园活动等,对家庭教育知识进行宣传和普及。
1.说教材《记念刘和珍君》是鲁迅先生用饱醮着热泪,用悲愤的笔调写下的一篇感人至深的散文,既有对爱国青年沉痛的悼念,又有对反动派愤怒的控诉,也有对觉醒的国民的呐喊。《记念刘和珍君》是高中语文必修1第三单元第一课的讲读课文。文中描摹人物的音容笑貌,叙述人物的行为事迹,都融入了作者真挚的情感和深刻的感悟。对学生明辨是非,领悟时代精神和人生意义,有着重要的作用。新课标强调了要全面提升高中学生的语文素养,初步形成正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,并学会收集、判断、处理信息,具有人文素养、创新精神与实践能力。同时,《记念刘和珍君》感情真挚,感悟深刻,具有典型人文性。结合本单元教学目标,确立教学目标如下。
4、学习全词:(1)背景介绍,让学生看课文中的年代,然后让学生回忆1925年的毛泽东的情况,老师适当提示,让学生了解其背景。(出示幻灯片)(2)学生自由朗读,结合注释和背景理解诗词。(3)师生共同理解全词①先让学生齐读前三句,思考正确的语序,并用正常的语序解释。②品味第三到第十句,这里是教学的一个重点,要让学生先读,再理解,在此基础上训练学生的想象能力。③分析上阙中的最后三句。④小结上阙。提出了一个问题“谁主沉浮”让学生在文中找内容回答,然后转入下阙内容的分析。⑤分析下阙内容,回答“谁主沉浮”的问题,突出本文主旨5、描绘诗词形象:学生用自己的语言把上阙的内容生动地描绘出来。6、欣赏学生优秀作品。(根据时间具体而定,也可以作为课后作业)
四、教学方法和学法。课前学生搜集有关《诗经》的资料必不可少。另外,时隔数千年,年代久远,文字的障碍很大,然而,过分纠缠于文字的疏通会破坏诗歌的“气”,丧失诗歌的“神”,所以在学习时,应舍去条分缕析的理论评价,指导学生结合注释疏通文字,然后引领他们经由文字再现形象和事件,经由形象和事件领略情感,感受其中浓浓的诗情。诵读的环节是重要的,配以二胡独奏《长相思》,营造意境,学生沉浸在音乐营造的意境中反复吟咏,读出节奏,读出音调,读出感情,细细体味,让或优或喜的情愫萦绕心间,我们就触到了先民的灵魂。比兴手法为《诗经》独创,重章叠句同样别致而新鲜,教学过程中结合具体语境让学生自己去发现并进行讨论,不搞枯燥的知识传授。还引入讲故事、改写两种活泼的学习形式,从而达到加深理解的目的。
(二)分析课文,理清思路第1、2段为第一部分,主要是叙事、写景,先叙述集会的时间、地点,然后渲染出兰亭优美的自然环境。在这里足以“游目骋怀”“极视听之娱”,可以自由地观察、思考,满足人们目视耳闻的需求。这里正是与会“畅叙幽情”、尽兴尽欢的绝好处所。这些描写都富有诗情画意,作者的情感是轻松愉快的。第3、4段为第二部分,主要是抒情、议论,作者由美景妙时引发出乐与忧、生与死的感慨。他认为人生的快乐是有极限的,待快乐得到满足时,就会感觉兴味索然。往事转眼间便成为历史,人到了生命的尽头就会死亡。作者由“一死生为虚诞,齐彭殇为妄作”的认识,产生了一种珍惜时间、眷恋生活、热爱文明的思考。虽然文中的寿夭、生死不能自由决定,从而有些伤感,但作者仍然认识到盛衰、生死是必然的。人生无常,时不我待,故著文留传后世,以承袭前人,启示来者。
3、拓展延伸,启迪心智,创设课堂训练营。三、说学法1、纸上得来终觉浅,圈点、勾画、批注法,学好文言基本功。2、自主合作加探究,眼耳口脑手并用,破疑解难在其中。四、说课时安排《鸿门宴》篇幅较长,文言知识较丰富,文章内涵丰厚,因此我设计用五课时教学本文。第一课时:了解作家作品,积累文言知识,感受作者隐忍发愤的著书精神(初读)第二课时:理清故事情节,概括人物形象,学习客观地评论历史人物,(熟读)第三课时:进一步梳理文言知识,精读课文,要求读透。(精读)第四课时:通过对人物、事件的赏析,加深学生对人物的理解,锻炼学生的开放性思维,由学生自主认识到人物的性格,悲剧的原因等问题。(赏读)第五课时:补充课本教学内容:同学生一起阅读古今关于刘邦项羽的一些篇章:让学生投入进来,把握自己眼中的项羽。(展读)在文言文学习的过程中,采取五步学习法:初读-熟读-精读-赏读-展读(板书)
一.教材理解教材地位与作用:本单元“阅读与鉴赏”部分,本单元要求学生能在了解诗歌创作的时代背景的情况下通过反复诵读诗歌,把握其中丰富的意象,领悟诗歌独特的意境和诗人所要表达的情感。《雨巷》是现代派大师戴望舒的成名作和前期的代表作,他曾因此而赢得了“雨巷诗人”的雅号。本单元以《雨巷》为例子给学生展示了象征主义诗歌的特点,《雨巷》运用了象征性的抒情手法。诗中那狭窄阴沉的雨巷,在雨巷中徘徊的独行者,以及那个像丁香一样结着愁怨的姑娘,都是象征性的意象。这些意象又共同构成了一种象征性的意境,含蓄地暗示出作者即迷惘感伤又有期待的情怀,并给人一种朦胧而又幽深的美感。富于音乐性是《雨巷》的另一个突出的艺术特色。诗中运用了复沓、叠句、重唱等手法,造成了回环往复的旋律和宛转悦耳的乐感。因此我把本课的教学重点和难点确定为:教学重点:通过反复诵读,领略诗歌的音乐美以及分析其成因教学难点:分析意象以及其象征意义初步掌握鉴赏诗歌的方法
[教学反思]人教版高中语文必修二第三单元安排了《兰亭集序》《赤壁赋》《游褒禅山记》三篇古代山水游记散文,它们借游赏之事,探索生命的意义、治学的道理。师者,所以传道、授业、解惑也。高中的教材选用的都是历史经典名篇,每一篇都闪烁着儒道释等百家光辉的思想。编者要老师传道的意图很明显。即非如此,看着这些影响历代、影响世界的如日月之耀眼光华的伟大思想就躺在我们的教科书里,又如何能不讲呢?所以,我将本课的教学重难点拟定为:帮助学生建立积极的生死观,掌握多角度看问题的正确的思想方法。当然,也让学生领会了融写景、抒情、说理于一炉的大家手法。整堂课各教学环节,环环相扣,过渡自然,读、思、议、写训练到位,而且全部围绕“生死观”展开,如一篇形散神不散的散文。
请一位朗诵水平较好的学生,有感情的朗读课文12自然段,其他同学完成一项任务:这一段可否去掉?为什么?学生思考、圈画、交流、讨论,然后小组发言,其他小组补充,教师从旁予以点拨,引导学生进一步明确作者的思想情感。明确:作者要创造一种文化氛围,于自然气息之外再添一重文化气息,与“故都”题旨暗合。从行文章法上看,这里是宕开文笔,纵横议论,显出深厚的文化底蕴和开阔的思路。这一段采用议论,通过古今中外的引证,说明感秋处处有,中国文人最突出,而秋“深味”非在中国北方莫属,这其实还是为了突出故都之秋。(设计意图:提高学生探究的能力,充分把握本文的教学内容,深刻体悟作者的情感,了解作者对秋的礼赞情感,从而突破教学难点。)
学法指导:高一学生对文言文阅读已具备了一些基础知识和积累,但对如何学习文言文,还是一个新课题,因此教师应引导学生掌握学习方法,运用已有的知识框架同化新信息,建立新的智能,逐步走向独立学习的境界。一、引导学生利用课文注释,使用工具书自己翻译,必要时教师进行点拨、解难,培养自学能力。二、告诉学生翻译文言文要遵循的原则。三、调动学生思考、讨论、交流的积极性,教师适时点拨,培养学生发现问题、解决问题的能力。四、提示学生反复诵读课文,体会文章所阐述的道理。五、鼓励学生及时归纳学习文言文的方法,注意积累文言文知识。教学程序:教学本课可安排2课时。第一课时:1、导入新课:首先给学生介绍毛泽东的七绝诗《为李进同志题所摄庐山仙人洞照》:“暮色苍茫看劲松,乱云飞渡仍从容。天生一个仙人洞,无限风光在险峰。”学生通过诵读领会了“无限风光在险峰”一句的含义。随后因势利导,引出课题,指出今天我们要学习的王安石的《游褒禅山记》,就含有类似的深邃哲理。
一、说教材《开辟新航路》是高中《历史·必修二》第5课的内容。从三个方面向学生介绍了欧洲人开辟新航路的历史:即新航路开辟的原因和条件、新航路开辟经过以及影响。前4课内容介绍了古代中国经济的基本结构与特点,从第5课开始学习资本主义世界市场的形成和发展。本课内容相当重要,上承古代中国,下启近代世界。新航路的开辟,打破了世界相对隔绝的状态,世界真正开始融合为一个整体。从此,以西欧为中心的世界市场的雏形开始出现。随后的殖民扩张,世界市场拓展;第一次工业革命,世界市场基本形成;第二次工业革命,世界市场发展。二、说目标1、课程标准概述迪亚士、哥伦布开辟新航路的史实,认识地理大发现对世界市场形成的意义。2、三维目标①知识与能力:掌握新航路开辟的原因、经过、影响。②过程与方法:引导学生分析原因及影响,培养学生分析和归纳问题的能力。③情感态度与价值观:A、通过对新航路开辟过程的学习,使学生感受和学习探险家们勇于进取的开拓精神。B、通过学习新航路开辟的影响,使学生认识新航路开辟促进了人类社会的整体发展。
一. 教材分析1. 本单元的中心话题是“计算机(Computers)”,内容涉及计算机的发展历史,计算机的应用等。本节课是该单元的第一课时,我将Warming up, Pre-reading and Comprehending这四部分整合为一节精读课。其中。Reading部分是题为WHO AM I?的文章,以第一人称的拟人手法介绍了计算机发长演变的历史和计算机在各个领域的应用,其主旨是表达计算机的发展变化之快以及在生活中用途之广。而Warming up部分以图片的形式展现了计算机的发展历程;Pre-reading中的问题和排序分别是为了预测语篇的内容和测试学生对计算机历史了解的情况;Comprehending则通过各项练习训练学生的阅读技能,从而加深对文章的理解。可见这几部分是一个有机的整体。2. 教学目标:1) 语言目标:重点词汇及短语:abacus, calculate, calculator, PC, laptop, PDA, robot, analytical, technological, universal, mathematical, artificial, intelligent, network, explore, in common, as a result.重点句子:a. My real father was Alan Turing, who in 1963 wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work, and build a “universal machine” to solve any mathematical problem.
When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龙)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
The oldest and the most popular park in the worldenjoy the exciting activities thereget close to the life-size cartoon characters like Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck Step 3 Pre-reading1.What do you suppose a theme park is ?2.What do you think you can see in a theme park?(1.It is a kind of amusement park which has a certain theme – that the whole park is based on. 2.buildings, castles, statues, rare animals and birds, and so on.) Step 4 Reading ----- Theme Parks –---- Fun and More Than Fun1.Predict : Read the title and the pictures on P. 34 and PredictWhat is the meaning of the title “Theme Park – Fun and more than fun”?(The title means that theme parks are fun to visit, but that they can also be educational and can offer useful information.)2.Skimming Fast read and answer:What activities can we take in a theme park?Amusement park: Bumper car Merry-go-round slide bungee jumping Free-fall rides Horror films Pirate ship Ferris wheel roller coaster3.Scanning Read again and you will find various theme parks are mentioned in the passage . Then what are they ?Theme parks: Sports theme park History theme park Culture theme park Marine or Ocean theme Park Future park Science theme park Disneyland4.Careful reading and find the main idea of each paragraph:THEME PARKS---- entertaining/ educationalPara.1 Traditional parks are places to go for relaxation and to have time away from our busy lives.Para.2 Theme parks are different They’re large and full of things to do, see and buy.Para.3 Theme parks are built around a single idea or theme. One example is a sports park.Para.4 Another kind of theme park is historical more and cultural and can be educational.Para.5 Disneylandwas the first theme park. It is based on the fantasy life and characters of Disney’s films.Para.6 Some examples of educational theme parks include sea world parks and science parks.