《岳阳楼记》选段予观夫巴陵胜状,在洞庭一湖。衔远山,吞长江,浩浩汤汤,横无际涯,朝晖夕阴,气象万千,此则岳阳楼之大观也,前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡,南极潇湘,迁客骚人,多会于此,览物之情,得无异乎?
臣本布衣,躬耕于南阳,苟全性命于乱世,不求闻达于诸侯。先帝不以臣卑鄙,猥自枉屈,三顾臣于草庐之中,咨臣以当世之事,由是感激,遂许先帝以驱驰。后值倾覆,受任于败军之际,奉命于危难之间,尔来二十有一年矣。
1981年巴塞罗那俱乐部就想引进他,但被阿根廷政府阻止,直到1982年世界杯后才得以成行。不过,草根出身的马拉多纳很难适应豪门巴塞罗那。尽管如此,在效力巴塞罗那的两年里,马拉多纳仍留下了58场进38球的成绩单。
TheChinese knot, a folk art, has a long history. People first made them to recordinformation and send messages before they started to use words. The knots wereused for decoration (装饰) and to express thoughts and feelings in theTang Dynasty. They were later popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. But thisart wasn’t really accepted by the common people until the Qing Dynasty.
Melatonin(褪黑素) is produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and whenyou wake up. As night falls, the levels of melatonin rise, telling the bodythat it’s time for bed. And the levels naturally fall as daylight comes near,getting you ready to greet the day.
Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made ofwood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijingkite, Tianjin kite, and Weifang kite. And they are quite different from eachother. For example, the swallow-shaped kite is a well-known Beijing style.
Once upona time, two brothers lived in a village. They were both famers and grew corn.The elder brother had many children to feed. The younger brother also had a bigfamily to look after. Although the brothers were poor, they lived happily.
Antarctica is a continent (大陆) of ice. There is hardlyany rain in Antarctica, so the Antarctic Desert becomes the driest desert inthe world. It is also the world’s largest desert by area.
Lu Junling, a security guard from Hebei University, became popularon the Internet. As an ordinary (平凡) person, though Lu Junling is more than 50 years old, hememorizes English vocabulary for CET 6 under the street lights every day justto improve himself. When he is free, he also writes novels and sings operas.That’s not all! Painting, music, kongfu, ancient poems, etc. are all hishobbies. So a number of people call him “treasure security guard (宝藏保安)”. Lu Junling said, “If I want to become an artist, I will alwayswork hard for my dream!” Mr. Lu’s words live in many people’s memory.
Ibelieved that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrongand he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us alesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side ofher desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and roundobject. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what colorthe object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the objectwas white! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony andme, this time about the color of the object.
Ibelieved that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrongand he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us alesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side ofher desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and roundobject. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what colorthe object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the objectwas white! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony andme, this time about the color of the object.
Ibelieved that I was right and he was wrong, and Tony believed that I was wrongand he was right. Our teacher, a kind and smart lady, decided to teach us alesson. She brought us to the front of the class and placed him on one side ofher desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large and roundobject. I could clearly see that it was black. The teacher asked us what colorthe object was. “White,” Tony answered. I couldn’t believe he said the object waswhite! “Clearly, it was black!” Another argument started between Tony and me,this time about the color of the object.
By usingthis method, the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods tothe environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane(甲烷)that keeps 30 times more heat than CO2. As well asmaking the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the riskof a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.
人,说着就会慢慢儿长大的。坡里移来的小桃树,在菜园里都长满了-握。姐姐出阁了呢。那远远的山庄里,土财主。每次搬回来住娘家,母亲和我们弟弟,总是于夕阳的辉照中,在庄头眺望的。远远听见了銮铃声响,隔着疏疏的杨柳,隐约望见了在马上招手的客人,母亲总禁不住先喜欢得落泪,我们也快活得像几只鸟,叫着跑着迎上去。问着好,从伙计的手中接过马辔来,姐姐总说:“又长高了。”车门口,也是彼此问着好:客人尽管是一-边笑着,偷回首却是满手帕的泪。
材料二 光绪七年(1881年)李鸿章奏称:“该局船不时駛往东南两洋,今且骎骎( qin qin,迅速)开始赴西洋之先路。直、晋、豫等省旱灾之时,该局向承运赈粮,源源接济,救活无安徽灾民。往岁台湾、烟台之役,该局船运送兵勇迅赴机宜,均无贻误,询于时事大局有禆。” ——朱萌贵《朱萌贵论招商局》
材料二 光绪七年(1881年)李鸿章奏称:“该局船不时駛往东南两洋,今且骎骎( qin qin,迅速)开始赴西洋之先路。直、晋、豫等省旱灾之时,该局向承运赈粮,源源接济,救活无安徽灾民。往岁台湾、烟台之役,该局船运送兵勇迅赴机宜,均无贻误,询于时事大局有禆。”——朱萌贵《朱萌贵论招商局》材料三 “抗日战争期间,招商局广大员工深明大义在江阴、上海十里铺、马当等六处沉船塞港,招商局共献出船舶18艘 ……招商局员工冒着敌人的炮火,日夜兼程,抢运人员物资入川,千方百计开展敌后军事运输与商货运输,为争取抗战的最后胜利竭尽了全力。”——张后铨《试论招商局在中国近代化进程中的作用》
材料一:建元年间(前140年﹣﹣前135年),汉武帝从匈奴降者口中得知,大月氏逃向西方后,深怨匈奴而图报复,却找不到盟友共击匈奴。于是下令召募使者出使大月氏,张骞毅然应募;于公元前138年出使西域。他途经匈奴,被匈奴捉住并拘留了十几年,趁匈奴发生内乱时脱逃,于公元前126年回到长安。张骞通西域后,正式开通了从中国通往欧、非大陆的陆路通道。﹣﹣摘编自《中国历史?七年级上册》教师教学用书材料二:1918年,李大钊在《新青年》上,连续发表《庶民的胜利》和《布尔什维主义的胜利》两篇文章,颂扬十月革命,热情宣传:“试看将来的环球,必是赤旗的世界!”﹣﹣摘编自《中国历史?八年级上册》教材
31.(14分)中华文明源远流长,涌现出众多的“时代梦想家”,他们顺应时代潮流,肩负时代使命,推动时代进步。阅读材料,回答问题。材料一:建元年间(前140年—前135年),汉武帝从匈奴降者口中得知,大月氏逃向西方后,深怨匈奴而图报复,却找不到盟友共击匈奴。于是下令召募使者出使大月氏,张骞毅然应募;于公元前138年出使西域。他途经匈奴,被匈奴捉住并拘留了十几年,趁匈奴发生内乱时脱逃,于公元前126年回到长安。张骞通西域后,正式开通了从中国通往欧、非大陆的陆路通道。——摘编自《中国历史?七年级上册》教师教学用书材料二:1918年,李大钊在《新青年》上,连续发表《庶民的胜利》和《布尔什维主义的胜利》两篇文章,颂扬十月革命,热情宣传:“试看将来的环球,必是赤旗的世界!”——摘编自《中国历史?八年级上册》教材
(2)依据材料二,写出唐中后期海路成为中外贸易主通道的原因。(2分)宋朝政府设立专门管理海外贸易的机构是什么?(1分)(3)比较图7和图9,两个时期的对外交通路线有什么变化?(1分)依据所学知识概述丝绸之路的重要作用。(1分)
本试题分第I卷和第II卷两部分。考试时间60分钟。共50分第I卷(选择题题共20分)选择题(下列各题的四个选项中,只有一项符合题意,每小题1分,共20分)1.年代尺有助于我们了解事件的先后顺序,“秦王扫六合,虎视何雄截!”李白诗中的秦王扫六合该出现在下面年代尺的2.钱穆在《中国历史研究法》中说:“至秦汉以后,中国学术大致归宗于儒家,此非各家尽被排斥之谓,实是后起儒家能荟萃先秦各家之重要精义,将之尽行吸收,融会为一。”对此理解正确的是A.汉代儒学取得独尊地位,异己遭到排斥 B.秦汉以后,儒学得到丰富和更新C.汉初儒学融合了佛教、道教思想 D.儒学在汉代成为官方哲学3.认知和探究历史地图,从中提取有效信息,是学习和研究历史的重要方法。右图反映的史实是A.玄奘西行B.鉴真东渡C.文成公主入藏D.王昭君出塞4.我国古代的中医文化辉煌灿烂,惠及后人,是传 统文化的瑰宝,下列属于中医学著作的是①《本草纲目》 ②《天工开物》③《伤寒杂病论》 ④《九章算术》A.①②③ B.①②③④C.①③ D.①③④5.细心研读材料,有助于我们更加深人地挖掘其内在含义。阅读右边材料,从中不能提取到的信息是A.张骞出使西域B.郑和下西洋C.体现了古代的对外开放和友好交往D.体现了我国古代的对外交往既有反抗外来侵略,也有友好往来
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