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XX年小学国旗下讲话演讲稿
尊敬的老师、亲爱的同学：你们好!蓝天下，迎着初升的晨曦，我们在这里举行庄严而隆重的升国旗仪式。再过几天就是10月1日，中华人民共和国成立xx周年纪念日。我们祖国走过了58个年头的辉煌道路，回顾历史，每一个中国人都会为此感到骄傲与自豪。滔滔的长江,滚滚的黄河,连绵不断的山脉,都属于我们伟大的祖国。祖国的山川雄奇,祖国的河水秀逸,祖国的胸怀无比广阔。曾经，当侵略者的铁蹄践踏我们美丽山河的时候,每一个有良知的中国人脸上流着泪,心中淌着血。为了心中神圣不可侵犯的祖国,他们在黑暗中摸索,在屈辱中抗争。
XX年小学国旗下讲话稿大全
XX小学国旗下讲话稿大全： 敬爱的老师，亲爱的同学们：大家早上好!同学们肯定知道这句话：播种思想，收获行为;播种行为，收获习惯;播种习惯，收获性格;播种性格，收获命运。这32个字，告诉我们的是，思想决定行为，行为决定习惯，习惯决定性格，性格决定命运。而性格的形成，就在生活的点点滴滴。同学们现在正处于长身体，长知识的黄金期，这也是你们性格形成的黄金期，毫不夸张地说，现在养成的一些好的行为习惯可使你们受益终生。某公司招聘一职员，最后一位其貌不扬的应聘者被公司选中。很多人不服，就去问老板。老板说，他之所以被选中，因为他带来了很多“介绍信”。老板说的介绍信是指：他捡起了老板故意放在地板上的一本旧书，表明他细心敬业;他为进房间的一位残疾人起身让座，表明他懂礼貌;他注视着老板回答提出的问题，表明他尊重他人。如果你是老板，把工作交给这样的人，还有什么不放心的呢?很多同学很重视学习，可效果总不好，原因何在呢?就是忽视了细微之处。所以说，道理简单，听着容易，实践起来就不那么容易了。
XX年元旦国旗下讲话稿小学
小学元旦国旗下讲话稿XX学校今天再一次举行隆重的升国旗仪式。严寒的冬季中，光辉灿烂的XX年将要过去,充满希望和挑战的XX1年即将来临。 回首往事，XX年，我们勤奋学习，努力拼搏、开拓创新。 XX年即将过去，XX年将要到来，虽然我们无法阻拦时间的流逝，但是我们可以主宰自己的未来。展望未来前景灿烂，我们豪情满怀。 XX年，我们将用微笑共同敞开一扇心灵之窗，放飞希望，去寻觅我们的理想。XX年，让我们用行动共同挽起友爱的臂膀，让明天来倾听我们爱心旋律的唱响。 走进新年，走进蓬勃的希望，每一颗青春的心都焕发出缤纷的色彩 。走进新年，走进时尚的动感地带，世界在我们眼前灿烂地舒展开来。 阳光灿烂，那是新年绚丽的色彩。 歌声悠扬，这歌声是我们对伟大祖国的深情祝福，舞姿优美，这舞蹈是我们对家乡、对学校繁荣的衷心祝愿。
XX年12月份小学国旗下讲话
XX年12月份小学国旗下讲话 老师们，同学们，大家好：今天我国旗下讲话的主题是“纪念“一二九”运动，弘扬爱国精神”。 环顾我们美丽的校园，沐浴着学校领导、老师给予我们的关爱，你是否知道79年前，全国人民，特别是风华正茂的学生们，还都在为中国的解放而斗争着!今天是12月8号，再过一天就是12月9号，也就是“一二九”运动79周年纪念日。半个多世纪过去了，但这段历史从来就没有被忘却。今天，站在国旗下，让我们怀着景仰的心情，共同回顾79年前那个不平凡的日子，缅怀那些投身民族救亡运动的爱国青年。一二九运动是由北平的青年学生在1935年12月9日发起的一场反帝爱国运动。 “一二九”运动虽然已经过去七十多年了，但这场运动中所折射出来的那种伟大的爱国主义精神，将永远激励着后来人为祖国的发展，民族的兴亡奋勇前进。 我知道，我们每一位同学的心中都有一份火热的爱国情，可是，你们是否知道怎样做才算是真正的爱国者?傅雷先生在他的家书中曾告诫他的儿子傅聪说，“热爱祖国就要对祖国尽自己的责任。”作为21世纪的青少年，爱国最基本的前提就是了解祖国的悠久历史、壮丽山河和灿烂文化，进而热爱家乡、美化校园、关心身边的每一个人。这样，你才能用行动去证明自己是爱国的。著名教育家陶行知说过：“今天多做一份学问，多养一份元气，将来就能为国家多做一份事业，多尽一份责任”。
小学各科教学奖励制度
一、课时津贴 （一）、课时计算方法： 、语文：一、二年级每上一节课按1.6课时计算，三、四年级按1.7课时计算，五、六年级按1.8课时；数学：一、二年级每上一节课按1.5课时计算，三、四年级按1.6课时计算，五、六年级按1.7课时计算课时。 2、三年级及时以上的思品、自然、社会、体育、英语、信息技术，每上一节课按1.1计算课时。1——6年级的音乐、美术、班队及一、二年级体育、思品、自然均按每上上1节为1课时计算课时。 3、课时计算公式：课节×系数×周数=总课时 （二）、根据学校经济承受力每期给予适当的超课时津贴，（个人课时-全校总课时/任课教师人数=超课时） 二、教学成绩奖 、及格率奖： （1）、受奖标准：一、二年级及格率达95%及以上（含95%）；三、四年级及格率达90%及以上；五、六年级及格率达85%及以上才能受奖。 （2）、奖励办法：凡达到标准要求者，根据所教班学生数，按每生1元计算，奖单科教师。 2、优生率奖： （1）、优生标准：一、二年级95分以上者；三、四年级90及以上者；五、六年级90分及以上者为优生。 （2）、奖励方法：按每科计算，优生每生奖1元。语文、数学双科优生，每生奖2元。 3、特优生奖：10元/生。 4、平均分奖：以区平均比较，每超一个百分点，按每生0.1元计奖。
小学教学常规管理制度
一、教学常规与课程标准 、学期开始各年级各学科都要制定好学期教学计划，并努力做到教学目的明确，课时划分科学，教学进度清楚，时间分配合理，各人教研计划，于开学第一周上交办公室。 2、掌握本学科课程标准，做到学科教学目的清楚，教材结构清楚，学科特点清楚，重点难点清楚，学生的能力发展要求清楚。 二、备课 1、个人备课要做到备课程标准，备教材，备教学内容，备学生实际，备教学方法，备教学手段及教具，备教学练习，备能力培养措施，备德育美育的熏陶。 2、上课前必须写好教案，教案一般包括：课题、教学目标、重点难点、教学用具、教学过程、实验操作、作业布置、板书设计、课后小结。学期中应超前一周备课、教案字清楚整洁。 3、不得使用旧教案或以参考资料代替教案。
小学校本教研制度
一、校本教研理念 ：围绕全面提高教育教学质量这一中心，以新课程实施过程中教师所面临的各种具体问题为对象，以教师为研究主体，研究和解决教学实践中的问题，总结和提升教学经验，形成民主、开放、高效的教研机制。 二、校本教研原则： 1、针对性原则，校本教研活动的开展要针对课改中面临的现实问题进行探讨研究，实施“面对面”的研讨。有的放矢地解决教师课改中的疑虑和困惑。 2、实效性原则，以“问题”为中心，采用行动研究的方法，注重实效，力求把先进的教育理念转化为教师的教育教学行为和现实的教学效益。 3、实践性原则，遵循认识——实践——再认识——再实践的原则，注重给教师反复实践的机会，使理念学习与教研活动紧密结合。
小学德育教育管理制度
2、建立校德育领导小组。建立校长、德育处、班级的三级责任教育网。校长根据情况的不断变化，负责德育目标的制订与督导；德育处负责日常德育工作的监督、管理与协调；班级负责逐日的检查、评比、协助处理偶发事件,班主任负责本班学生的教育、管理、家访和后进生的跟踪转化及工作档案的整理。做到分工明确，职责落实。 3、德育主任全面负责学生的德育工作。制定每学期德育工作计划。定期检查。组织各种针对性活动，抓好班主任队伍建设，加强对学生的管理。 4、认真实施《德育工程》等政策法规，在学生中深入开展爱国主义教育，利用德育基地、歌曲、影视、宣传栏等对学生进行教育。严格执行每周一升国旗制度。 5、中队要根据各自的特点和任务变化，发挥少先队的德育功能，参与学校管理活动。组织学生参加各类活动，定期召开会议，开展丰富多彩的活动
高教版中职数学基础模块下册：8.4《圆》教学设计
教 学 过 程教师 行为学生 行为教学 意图时间 *揭示课题 8．4 圆（二） *创设情境 兴趣导入 【知识回顾】 我们知道，平面内直线与圆的位置关系有三种（如图8-21）： （1）相离：无交点； （2）相切：仅有一个交点； （3）相交：有两个交点． 并且知道，直线与圆的位置关系，可以由圆心到直线的距离d与半径r的关系来判别（如图8-22）： （1）：直线与圆相离； （2）：直线与圆相切； （3）：直线与圆相交. 介绍 讲解 说明 质疑 引导 分析 了解 思考 思考 带领 学生 分析 启发 学生思考 0 15*动脑思考 探索新知 【新知识】 设圆的标准方程为 ， 则圆心C(a，b)到直线的距离为 ． 比较d与r的大小，就可以判断直线与圆的位置关系． 讲解 说明 引领 分析 思考 理解 带领 学生 分析 30*巩固知识 典型例题 【知识巩固】 例6 判断下列各直线与圆的位置关系： ⑴直线, 圆； ⑵直线,圆． 解 ⑴ 由方程知，圆C的半径，圆心为． 圆心C到直线的距离为 , 由于，故直线与圆相交． ⑵ 将方程化成圆的标准方程，得 ． 因此，圆心为，半径．圆心C到直线的距离为 , 即由于，所以直线与圆相交． 【想一想】 你是否可以找到判断直线与圆的位置关系的其他方法？ *例7 过点作圆的切线，试求切线方程． 分析 求切线方程的关键是求出切线的斜率．可以利用原点到切线的距离等于半径的条件来确定． 解 设所求切线的斜率为，则切线方程为 ， 即 ． 圆的标准方程为 ， 所以圆心，半径． 图8－23 圆心到切线的距离为 ， 由于圆心到切线的距离与半径相等，所以 ， 解得 ． 故所求切线方程（如图8-23）为 ， 即 或． 说明 例题7中所使用的方法是待定系数法，在利用代数方法研究几何问题中有着广泛的应用． 【想一想】 能否利用“切线垂直于过切点的半径”的几何性质求出切线方程？ 说明 强调 引领 讲解 说明 引领 讲解 说明 观察 思考 主动 求解 思考 主动 求解 通过例题进一步领会 注意 观察 学生 是否 理解 知识 点 50
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading for Writing教案二
This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Discovering Useful Structure教案一
The activity topic of this section is "report an ongoing event", and the structure is the passive voice of present continuous tense. Rare wild animals are suffering from large-scale poaching, and species are on the brink of danger. Rescue operations are underway. "Being" and "suffering" are the meanings of the present progressive passive voice.The usage of present progressive passive voice is of great importance in writing a good discourse and appreciating some difficult language items, so it is vital to master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Motivate Ss to deepen the understanding of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a fixed context.2. Enable Ss to master the usage of present progressive passive voice and use it flexibly in a context.3. Lead Ss to construct sentences or appreciate sentences used master it and use it flexibly in a context.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the usage of present progressive passive voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper usage of present progressive passive voice.Look at the picture and tell me what are workers doing? What is the house being done?
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教案
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.” Due to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, a large number of wild animals are always facing the threat of endangered or extinction. Listening and speaking period enables students to understand the fact and reason why wild species are disappearing from the earth at an amazing speed, and realize that human beings ought to enhance the awareness of protecting wild species as soon as possible.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of " how to help wildlife in Ss’ neighborhood.". Now there are many volunteers who spontaneously protect wild animals, carry out various activities according to local conditions, and contribute their own strength to local animal protection with practical actions. Middle school students are also enthusiastic participants. They organize activities in their spare time, and take this opportunity to make friends, broaden their horizons, cultivate team spirit and communication skills. This section describes a bird watching activity organized by several middle school students of Bird watching Club. It aims to stimulate students' interest, improve their understanding of bird watching activities, and use the language structure of “being used for; in order to, so as to, to, so that, in order that ” to express the purpose for communication and discussion.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of using visuals to predict content.2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I am concerned about…” “what do you know about the endangered animals in…" and so on to talk about one of the endangered animals.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Listening and Speaking教案
This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading and Thinking教案二
The theme of this unit is human and nature, focusing on the theme of wildlife protection. Nature is a complex ecosystem, in which there are delicate balance between animals and plants. Because of the role of the food chain, the extinction of one species will produce influence, causing a series of chain reaction. Large scale extinction of species will have a serious and even irreversible impact on the ecosystem, resulting in immeasurable losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect wild species. To protect wild species is to protect human beings themselves. The motto of this unit is "when the buying stops, the killing can too,” which is a public service advertising slogan to protect wildlife. It tells people that every rhinoceros horn, every fur, every bowl of shark fin soup, every Ivory product, and every tiger bone product, etc. consumed by human beings, are innocent wild animals slaughtered behind them. The mission of wild aid is to ban illegal trade in endangered wildlife and mitigate climate change. It aims to educate the public to reduce the consumption demand for endangered wildlife products through public publicity and improve the awareness of environmental protection.1. Improve the awareness of wildlife protection by acquiring the knowledge of wildlife protection.2. Focus on environmental protection and protection of all lives.3. Analysis of the living environment of wild animals with appropriate thinking mode.4. Skillfully use the vocabulary and grammar knowledge of this unit to cultivate self-study ability according to the unit content5. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion and other ways1. Enable the Ss to talk about the current situation of wild animals.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Discovering Useful Structure教案二
2．表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(该动作在说话的瞬间未必正在进行)。Many interesting experiments are being carried out these days.(说话时，并不一定正在进行)3．表示一种经常性的被动行为，常和always，constantly 等表示频度的副词连用，这种用法常常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。He is always being praised by the leader.4．表示按计划或安排主语将要承受谓语动词所表示的动作(仅限于少数及物动词)。A party is being held tonight.Step 4 Special cases1.像take care of, look after, talk about, think of等动词与介词构成的短语用于现在进行时的被动语态时, 其中的介词不可省略。The ways to stop illegally hunting are being talked about. 2．可与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的事情的推测。She may be being punished by her mother.3．有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的一个被动动作。A celebration is being held this weekend for his success.4．某些表示“状态、心理活动、存在”等的动词，如have，want，need，love，一般不用现在进行时的被动语态，而常用一般现在时的被动语态。With the population increasing，more land is needed.5．“be＋under/in＋n.”可表示现在进行时的被动意义。My computer is under repair.＝My computer is being repaired.
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading and Thinking教案一
The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted
新人教版高中英语必修2Unit 2 Wildlife Protection-Reading For Writing教案一
1. 标题首先根据海报的特点、格式写明标题。海报中往往把内容作为大标题。例如: Save the earth, Save the birds。2. 正文部分不同的海报其正文部分的侧重点不同。对于介绍性的海报, 首先要引出话题, 其次列出原因, 最后是总结。对于宣传类的海报, 要写明具体内容, 如: 活动内容, 地点以及参加活动的注意事项, 主持或举办单位等。1. 图片: 要选择引人注目的图片, 与主题要相关, 色彩明亮。话题句式 1. It is a treasure of our country. 它是我国的国宝。2. Believe it or not, at present only several thousand pandas exist in the world. 信不信由你, 目前世界上仅现存几千只熊猫。 3.It’s because of human activities that tigers are endangered. 正是因为人类的活动, 老虎处于濒危的状态。4. Many wild animals are in danger of dying out. 很多野生动物面临着灭绝的危险。 5. The government has taken effective measures to protect them. 政府已采取有效的措施来保护它们。6. People should raise the awareness of the protection of wild animals. 人们应该提高保护野生动物的意识。 7. It’s amazing that there are merely less than 1, 000 finless porpoises living in China. 非常令人吃惊, 目前中国仅有不足1 000只江豚。
新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around–Listening and Speaking教案
无论她说什么都不会对我们的安排有影响。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。4. extremely adv 极其，非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:玛丽发现找工作极其困难。给你添了麻烦，我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的红色车厢，结果证明它非常受大众的欢迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking单句写作：1. _______________ (你要说些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我们为这些事情做好了准备), we have nothing to worry about.
新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Reading and Thinking教案
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下来的三天里，您可以在当地导游的陪同下，深入雨林进行探索，欣赏雨林特有的动植物。本句主体结构为spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合，即可稳固墙体。本句为so that引导的结果状语从句。nothing与the perfect fit为并列成分; other than在句中意为“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Reading for Writing教案
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游计划是一种常见的应用文写作。旅游可分为观光游、文化游、美食游及探险游等不同类型，因此旅游计划也要根据不同的旅游目的进行设计。常规的旅游计划需要明确以下几个方面的问题:Travel planWhen will you leave for？ Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 为了提升旅行计划的层级，还需注意以下几个方面的问题:1.每段是否有明确清晰的主题;2.用一般现在时代替一般将来时；3.用更高级的形容词词汇。例如:表达“好”时，不要总用“nice”,我们还可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表达更具有指向性的词汇；4.用更高级的动词词汇。比如:我们可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
