【参考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑体部分在句中作表语。2. 句1、2、3中的that在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
当孩子们由父母陪同时,他们才被允许进入这个运动场。3.过去分词(短语)作状语时的几种特殊情况(1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时,相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.从山顶上看,整个城市看起来更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多给十分钟,我们会完美地完成这项工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的话深深地感动,她满眼泪花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.尽管被警告了风暴的到来,但农民们仍在农场干活。(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时,可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟着两个学生,老师走进了房间。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母亲陪着度过了一整个下午。
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention,the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys: 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.报纸报道说有一百多人在暴风雨中丧生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时,以及by、before后面接过去的时间时,主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10岁前就已经被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生产了好几吨大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成被动关系时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一点得到他的指示,我早就完成这项任务了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快点的话,我就不会误了火车。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚会,你就会见到他的。
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
You have no excuse for not going.你没有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。2.动词ing形式复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”构成。动词ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词ing形式的复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动词ing②名词所有格+动词ing③代词宾格+动词ing④名词+动词ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗?无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克现在离开吗?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我没能按时来。His father's being ill made him worried.他父亲病了,他很担心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我们盼望着这位歌手来给我们举办一场演唱会。
下面是对以高技术产业为主的新工业区的内容进行讲解,教材以美国“硅谷”为例,首先谈的是高技术工业的特点,然后讲述的是“硅谷”的发展条件,由于教学模式与意大利新工业区的内容基本一致,这里就不再赘述了。接下来教材中提到的与之对照的案例同样是以高技术产业而闻名的中关村,由于中关村在国内的知名度较高,一般学生都有所了解,因此不妨让学生谈谈自己的看法:对于高新技术产业的发展有何建议,相对于发展较为成功的“硅谷”我们需要学习的方面又是哪些?案例中最后一个问题很值得深省,我国的新工业区到底怎样做才能够获得成功,简单的模仿下我们缺少的又是什么?这个问题可以作为拓展,让学生写一篇简短的论文作为课后作业。最后做以简单的课堂小结。本节内容的教学可能会相对繁杂,而案例之间的分析过程又过于雷同,所以难免枯燥。在处理这个问题上,我将尽量做到详略得当,主要培养学生的自主学习能力。
材料四:印度提倡“只生一个好”——鼓励三人小家庭 生男生女都一样材料五:印度尼西亚《人口发展与幸福家庭法》材料六:我国基本国策 计划生育(小结)通过对以上材料的分析我们可以得出这样的结论,不同的国家应该采取不同的人口政策,对与发达国家来说人口增长缓慢,应采取鼓励生育,吸引移民的措施;发展中国家人口增长较快,实行控制人口的政策已经迫在眉睫。不论是发达国家还是发展中国家共同的目标就是实现环境人口和社会经济的协调发展。【课堂小结】这节课我们主要学习了人口的自然增长,影响人口自然增长的因素有哪些?(人口的自然增长率和人口的基数)世界人口的数量在不同的历史时期表现出不同的特征,同一历史时期的不同地区,人口数量的增长又有不同的特点。面对不同的人口形势,各国应采取不同的人口政策。
生:环境承载力是指环境能持续供养的人口数量。师:对了。但是有同学仍然会感到这是一个很抽象的概念。下面我们具体来了解什么是环境承载力。我们可以从两个部分去理解:一、环境,它主要是指环境的单个要素(如:土地、水、气候、植被等。)及其组合方式。二、是承载力,它指在特定的条件下,具体某事物能承受的某种活动的最大值。那环境承载力的科学定义是怎样表达的呢?生:环境承载力是指某一时期,某种状态条件下,某地区环境所能承受的人类活动作用的阈值。师:很对。 我们可以用一个生动的例子来说明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面积固定不变的情况下是由哪块木板来决定?生:最短的那块。师:确实如此。这就是我们平常所讲的 “木桶效应”。那影响环境承载力的大小也是由环境个要素里面最紧缺的那个要素来决定的。下面我们用一个例子来印证一下。
1.促使美国成为一个移民国家的因素是:①美洲属于未开发的新大陆,需要大量的劳动力;②欧洲失业工人和破产农民增加,人们为了追求更好的经济待遇迁往美洲;③新航线的开辟为人们顺利迁移扫除了障碍;④殖民扩张是人口迁移的促进因素,加快了人口迁移的过程。导致美国人口在本土范围内频繁迁移的原因,归纳起来有:第一次人口迁移是战争因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然环境、经济环境的变化;第四次是经济格局的变化,即西部和南部新资源的发现和新兴工业的发展。2.我国古代的人口迁移,深受统治者及其行政力量的束缚。封建帝王为了加强本国的经济和军事实力,对人口迁移严加控制。只有当战乱发生的时候,这种控制才得到削弱,人们为了躲避战乱,寻找安定的生活环境,不得不进行大规模的迁移。我国近几十年的人口迁移主要是由生产资料和劳动力数量上的地区分布不平衡造成的,是经济因素在起主导作用,与古代的人口迁移截然不同。
在经济水平较高、工业地域规模较大的地区,其发展潜力就远不一样,如钢铁工业。钢铁工业的生产过程比较复杂(如课本图5.31),需要有相互接近的工厂,不仅包括从事钢铁生产各道工序的工厂,如烧结厂、焦化厂、炼铁厂、炼钢厂、轧钢厂,还包括与钢铁生产有联系的工厂,如氧气厂、机修厂、发电厂、水泥厂等,总共可达20~30个工厂。这些工厂集 聚,设备大,管线长,占地多。因此,这样形成的工业地域(钢铁工业区)面积广,发育程度高,发展潜力大。这类工业地域 再加上为方便众多工人生活所配置的服务业和其他工业,在发展过程中,往往由于工业地域的扩展而形成工业城市。例如,我国的鞍山(“钢都”)、攀枝花、马鞍山、包头(“草原钢城”)等钢铁工业城市的形成。除此之外,石油化工区、机械制造工业区等属于发育程度高的工业地域,也往往扩展而形成工业城市。例如,我国的石油城大庆、克拉玛依,汽车城十堰等。
1.澳大利亚混合农业地域在生产结构、经营方式、科技应用、农业专业化和地域化等方面有哪些特点?2.在澳大利亚混合农业地 域形成的过程中,有哪些区位因素在起作用?学生发言,教师适当引导、评点并作讲解。[教师提问]:那么,澳大利亚的墨累—达令盆地的区位因素有什么不足之处?知识拓展:课件展示澳大利亚大分水岭的雨影效应的形成原理及东水西调示意图。[教师讲解]:澳大利亚东南部受大分水岭的影响,降水集中于大分水岭的东侧,在其西侧形成山地的雨影效应,降水丰富地区与农业生产地区分布不一致,灌溉成为澳大利亚农牧业发展的限制性条件。因此,澳大利亚对水利工程建设很 重视,东水西调促进了墨累—达令盆地农牧业的发展。[课堂小结]:这节课我们学习了农业区位选择的基本原理。 通过学习我们了解到,农业的区位选择实质上就是对农业土地的合理利用。
[补充]:郑州是特大城市,我们对灯火通明的夜晚都有深刻的体会,我们都体会过光给他们带来的好处,而对过多过亮的光带来的危害则很少认真地思考过,且光污染给都市人们和其他生物和环境带来的不利影响也越来越大,所以,我在这儿给同学们补充光污染,目的是提醒他们要增强环保意识,要理解城市在建设过程中要减少城市各类活动对环境的污染;另外,随着城市的不断发展,还可能会产生新 的污染物。还培养了学生用发展的眼光来看世界。[思考]:如何降低城市化对地理环境产生的影响?[答]:发展生态城市,使人工环境和自然环境和谐统一起来。一方面在城市建设中,要发展低污染的节能建筑和绿色交通,减少城市各类活动对环境的污染;另一方面使城市景观尽可能地与山、河、湖、海、植被等自然景观保持协调,建立一种良性循环。
1.通过对德国鲁尔工业区、我国的辽中南工业区的案例分析和比较,让学生理解传统工业地域形成的主要区位条件和衰落的原因;2.结合鲁尔工业区产生的环境污染等局面,理解工业生产活动对地理环境的影响,并探讨综合整治的措施;3.通过对意大利中部和东北部工业区、美国“硅谷”的案例分析和比较,让学生理解新工业地域形成的主要区位条件和衰落的原因;4.结合新工业地域和地理环境的关系,加深学生对工业生产活动对地理环境的影响的理解。【教学重、难点及解决办法】重点:分析工业区位因素,举例说明工业地域的形成条件与发展特点难点:结合实例说明工业生产活动对地理环境的影响解决方法:比较归纳法 知识迁移应用 案例分析法 自主学习与合作探究 【教学准备】多媒体课件缺勤登记:
③在萨斯索罗地区集聚的相关企业和服务性机构有哪些?④萨斯索罗瓷砖工业小区的生产—销售—服务网络中支撑企业、辅助性企业、服务性企业、服务性机构有哪些?学生回答问题后教师小结:意大利的新工业区,以中小企业集聚的工业小区为独特的发展模式。工业小区的优势是有助于加强专业化,提高生产效率,降低生产成本,增强在市场上的竞争力。完成课本70页活动:1. 比较温州乡镇企业与意大利新工业区的发展有什么异同(相同:有大批廉价劳动力,企业规模小,以轻工业为主,企业生产高度专业化,资本集中程度低。不同:最大的不同是意大利工业小区密切联系协作,共同形成巨型企业,温州虽生产同种产品,但是联系协作不如意,形成多家企业竞争局面,规模效应大减。)2. 温州乡镇企业的发展有哪些些问题?你能为其解决这些问题提出合理化的建议吗?(加大技术投入,企业间联系协作,杜绝恶性竞争等)
1、图12.5“浦东新区的规划图”首先了解浦东新区的位置,浦东新区位于黄浦江东部,东临东海,北濒长江,面积广阔,地形平坦,和上海市繁华的外滩和南京路只有一江之隔;其次要了解城市规划的功能分区。2、图12.6“浦东新区图”图中可见已建成陆家嘴、张江、金桥、外高桥、孙桥等功能分区,理解浦东作为现代化城市新区的格局已基本形成。3、图12.8“浦东新区的产业结构图(1997年)”读此图应该明确,浦东新区国民经济的主要支柱是工业,第二产业占62.1%,比重最小的是第一产业,仅占0.8%,为充分发挥浦东新区的龙头作用,今后该区应继续把第二产业放在首要位置,成为上海市高新技术产业和现代工业的基地。【教学内容】一、浦东新区的开发条件和作用建设城市新区是上海市发展的必然选择,建设新城区首先要选择合适的区域。