
2016年,我国农业部发布《关于推进马铃薯产业开发的指导意见》,推进马铃薯主粮化战略。阅读材料,回答问题。(1)根据如图,写出马铃薯传入欧洲所经过的大洋,并指出马铃薯走向世界最初源于哪一历史事件。(2)他山之石,可以攻玉。根据相关链接,说说美国的做法对我国推进马铃薯产业开发有哪些启发。【相关链接】1939年美国出台《市场推广法案》,依据法案成立了国家马铃薯委员会,进行贸易立法和纠纷的解决;各州根据不同的气候和土壤条件,选择种植不同用途的马铃薯;专门成立研究中心,进行新品种培育、深加工处理、化肥农药使用量、节水等研究。

26.材料一 经过一番辛苦打造,由王室宗亲建立的诸侯国对周王室的向心力大大加强,同时也建立起一种类似后来的中央与地方的关系.----《细讲中国历史丛书.西周史》材料二 秦兼天下,建皇帝号,立百官之职.汉因循而不革,明简易,随时宜也.----《汉书》卷十九《百官宫卿表》中国君主专制就本质而言非常原始,却与一个受过教育的“现代”官僚队伍(文官)并存.----费尔南.布罗代尔《文明史》 材料三 秦汉时期,城乡地位极为崇高.拜相时,皇帝要施大礼,因此才有“拜相”一说,然而到了明太祖朱元璋,竟把丞相给废除了,从此丞相在中国就成了一个历史名词.----《古老中国的发展传奇》阅读材料,回答问题:(1)据材料一指出西周在政治上推行什么制度?这种制度有什么积极作用?(2)据材料二并结合所学知识指出秦的“百官之职”中负责检察的官职名称.材料中“受过教育的‘现代’官僚队伍”是通过考试而产生的,这种考试应开始于何时?(3)据材料三并结合所学知识分析朱元璋废除丞相的主要目的.(4)综合上述材料我们可以看出:中国古代政治制度的发展呈现出专制主义统治逐步加强的趋势,你认为专制主义统治不断加强的后果是什么?

栏目三:旭日东升 陈独秀1902年赴日本东京高等师范学校留学 1907年赴法国考察研究蔡元培1902年赴日本考察 1907年赴德国访问 1912年赴德国菜比锡大学留学胡适1910年赴美国留学李大钊1913年入日本早稻田大学攻读政治经济学鲁迅1902年留学日本(3)根据栏目三的材料,表格中人物为什么会成为新文化运动的领袖?概括他们在中国近代化进程中的作用.

材料一:“中国代表团是求团结而不是来吵架的,……全世界愿意和平的国家和人民期待着我们的会议能为扩大和平区域和建立集体和平有所贡献。”--周恩来在万隆会议上的演说 材料二:美国前总统尼克松在一份对外报告中说:“如果没有(中国)这个拥有七亿多人民的国家出力量,要建立稳定和持久的国际秩序是不可设想的。”美国孤立中国政策的失败,以及美国与苏联争霸的需要,都使美国不得不考虑改善与中国的关系。--人教版《高中历史必修》 材料三:“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区,在特别行政区内实行的制度按照具体情况由全国人民代表大会以法律规定。”--1982年《中华人民共和国宪法》第三十一条

材料一 中国代表在和会上要求收回大战期间被日本侵占的德国在山东的一切权益,和会竟不顾中国的反对和抗议,决定把德国在山东的一切非法权益移交给日本,这激起了中国人民的无比愤怒。﹣﹣岳麓版(九下)历史教科书(1)材料一中“和会”指的是哪次国际会议?“这激起了中国人民的无比愤怒”引发的爱国运动是什么?

材料一 卫鞅曰,“治世不一道,便国不法古。”孝公曰,“善。”以卫鞅为左庶长,卒定变法之令。……内容包括:1、承认土地私有、准许自由买卖。2、奖励耕织、按军功大小封爵、授田、踢宅。3、推行县制,全国设31县,由国君直接派官吏治理。——七年级历史救学参考岳麓版(1)材料一反映的是我国古代哪一次变法?(1分)从推动社会发展进步的角度考虑,其变法内容中那一条最重要?(答案填数字序号即可,不必照抄内容)(1分)材料二 1898年6月,光绪帝颁布《定国是诏》和一系列诏令,实施变法。变法涉及政治、经济、文化、军事等各方面,但“改科举、废八股”的诏令引发各地士人“民情汹汹,群起反对”,而军事上的措施既少又空洞无法实施。……各省督抚大多持观望态度,这些诏令始终停留在纸面上。梁启超在《变法通议》中记载“西后待皇上疾声厉色,呵斥之声不绝。皇上见西后如对狮虎,战战兢兢。……诸臣之敢履次抗拂上(皇上)意者,皆以恃西后为护符,欺皇上之无权也。……上(皇上、所倚者,唯军机四章京而已。”——八年级历史教学参考岳麓版(2)材料二反映的是我国近代史上的哪次变法?(l分)变法中遇到的阻力和困难有哪些?(不得照抄原文)(2分)

材料三在清朝的辽阔的领土上,生活着汉、满、蒙、回、藏等五十个少数名族。清朝在边疆地区分社机构,进行有效的管辖……使我国统一多民族国家得到了进一步巩固。﹣节选自人教版《中国历史》七下教材材料四香港回归祖国二十周年,是件值得全体炎黄子孙热烈庆祝的大事,它是迈向祖国全面统一的重要步骤,又是用新思维以和平方式圆满解决领土问题的一个范例。﹣节选自紫荆网(1)材料一中的“封建领主制”是我国古代什么政治制度?“在六国的废墟上建立的封建专制主义国家”指哪一政权?(2)材料二反映了汉武帝巩固“大一统”的什么措施?

材料二第二次世界大战期间,宾西法尼亚大学奉命为陆军计算弹道数据,并于1943年6月军方签订合同,开始工作。1945年,第一台电子计算机制成。从1953年起,IBM公司开始批量生产IBM701机,这标志这第一代电子计算机的工业化生产。后来不断更新换代的计算机,逐渐成为普通的办公用品,同时也促进了“网上交易”、“远程医疗”等的产生和发展。﹣﹣摘编自王鸿生《世界科学技术史》等

材料一十八世纪,封建王朝统治下的法国是个农业国,但资本主义工商业已经有了很大的发展,资本主义的发展,要求冲破封建制度的束缚。1789年7月,法国大革命爆发。……十九世纪上半期,俄国资本主义已经有所发展。在欧洲工业革命的影响下,还出现了手工劳动逐步被机器生产取代的趋势。但俄国落后的农奴制限制了自由劳动力的供应和国内市场的开拓……1861年,沙皇亚历山大二世批准了废除农奴制的法令。﹣﹣摘编自《世界历史》九年级上册教材

When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).

Once upona time, two brothers lived in a village. They were both famers and grew corn.The elder brother had many children to feed. The younger brother also had a bigfamily to look after. Although the brothers were poor, they lived happily.

B: It’s about theexperiments three astronauts are doing on the space station.A: That’s great. I’minterested in space, so I want to be an astronaut like them.

Each ofthem has their own experience- two people with synesthesia may both “feel”music, but they almost never feel the music in the same way. For example, onemay feel the music of the violin lightly brushing his face; the other may feelit on her ankle (脚踝). And one’s experience of synesthesia is alwaysthe same. If they see the number 5 in the color blue, then 5 is blue every timethey see it.

FIFA World Cup is one of the biggest sportsevents in the world. It ___11___ every 4 years. The first World Cup wasin 1930. It has a history of over 90 years. During the World Cup, ___12___fans watch the games and cheer for their favorite teams or players. We haveknown some famous football players from the football competitions, such asBeckham, Messi, and Figo. They have excited football fans for many years.

In ourdaily lives, we are often given some boring or tiring tasks. What’s in yourmind when your mom tells you to clean the floor? Have you ever wanted tocomplain(抱怨)? I think most people have.

___14___, I think an interest in Englishis very important. When I was in Grade Three, we had a new ___15___ — English,it was new for me. I was interested in it. I worked hard at it. Soon we had anEnglish exam and I got a very good mark. How ___16___ I was! After that,I learned English harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs,and ___17___ sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!

“We thankall the Chinese people for their support and encouragement. Our thanks also goto our workmates who took part in the mission (任务) and worked with us allthe time,” Zhai said to the reporter after he landed on the ground. “It is thepower and strength of our country that built the high-flying space station. Iam proud of our great motherland.”

Fiveyears ago, Jennifer, a girl from Australia, came to Xiangtan University tostudy Chinese. There she fell in love with Chinese culture and met her husband,who is a local (当地的) young man. They got married after she finishedher study. Since then, she has started her new life in Xiangtan City.

The boy named Li Banghua is from Hefei. AnhuiProvince. He made the plane completely by himself. The plane is 0.6 meterswide, has a wingspan (翼展) of 4.4 meters and weighs about 40 kilograms.According to a local report, Li just finished his high-school entrance exam ayear ago and got good grades.

Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across NorthAmerica on the third Friday of May. It was started by the League ofAmerican Bicyclists in 1956. Its aim is to promote (促进) the bicycle as a seriouschoice of getting to and from work. In today’s world where global warming is aserious issue, the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon (碳) footprint.
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