
孔子认为教育是“兴于诗”“立于礼”“成于乐”,其中就包含着对美育的重视。今天,我们用“中国梦”来激励人心,一定意义上说就是全民族的“兴于诗”;加强制度建设、强调制度自信,一定意义上说也就是新时代的“立于礼”;“成于乐”的“乐”不仅是音乐之“乐”,快乐之“乐”,而且是在道德的普遍高尚,活力的竞相迸发,精神的昂扬向上,人民对美好生活的追求中不断实现的“天下尽欢颜”之“乐”。从古至今,先贤们对于美育的思考从未止步,这些思想结晶在今天仍具有现实意义,社会主义文化大发展大繁荣来自民间、来自大变革的时代,我们正在大踏步迈向现代化,尤其需要加强美育。

早在隋末唐初,金沙江上建成的塔城铁桥,连通了云南与西藏之间的茶马古道。可惜,这座被称为“万里长江上最早的桥梁”现仅存遗址。而长江现存最古老的铁链桥,是位于丽江至永胜间的金龙桥。在《徐霞客游记》中,寻甸的七星桥、安宁的永安桥、宾川的南薰桥等都被着力描写或赞誉过。这些古桥,有的至今仍在使用,有的则只留在记载中了。

嗟夫!予尝求古仁人之心,或异二者之为,何哉?不以物喜,不以己悲,居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧,退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶?其必曰“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”乎!噫!微斯人,吾谁与归?

(二)(4分)阅读下面诗歌,完成下面小题。瀑布联句李忱千岩万壑不辞劳,远看方知出处高。溪涧焉能留得住,终归大海作波涛。14. 首句运用了什么手法?有什么表达效果?15. 请简要分析最后两句寄寓了作者怎样的情怀?

倘若意犹未尽,试看杨万里的《郡中送春盘》:“饼如茧纸不可风,菜如缥茸劣可缝。韭芽卷黄苣舒紫,芦服削冰寒脱齿。”白如茧纸的是春饼,吃的时候,从春盘里夹取菜蔬各一小箸,卷为细简状,这便是咬春饼。

家在农村的朋友一定不会对小鸡小鸭破壳而出的场景陌生,它们在叽叽喳喳坠地时,往往会追随在世间第一个看到的物体,无论这个物体是不是它们亲妈,甚至不管是否跟它们一个物种,它们都会将其当成自己的妈妈去依恋,这在生物学上被称为“烙印现象”。

2021年5月15日,“天问一号”探测器圆满着陆火星。“天问一号”探测器主要由环绕器和着陆巡视器(含“祝融号”火星车)两部分组成。前期,环绕器是搭载“祝融号”火星车的星际专车。在将“祝融号”火星车安全送达火星后,环绕器上升至中继轨道,此后数月它将变身为通信器,建立起“祝融号”火星车与地球之间的中继通信。

北山愚公者,年且九十,面山而居。惩山北之塞,出入之迂也,聚室而谋曰:“吾与汝毕力平险,指通豫南,达于汉阴,可乎?”杂然相许。其妻献疑曰:“以君之力,曾不能损魁父之丘,如太行、王屋何?且焉置土石?”杂曰:“投诸渤海之尾,隐土之北。”遂率子孙荷担者三夫,叩石垦壤,箕畚运于渤海之尾。邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男,始龀,跳往助之。寒暑易节,始一反焉。

老妇人走到园子边,隔着灌木枝和我聊起来。她身材微胖,蓝底红花的旧棉袄沾着泥土,黑里透红的脸上挂着饱满的笑容。清瘦结实的老汉也放下手里的白菜,直起腰身听我们闲聊。他微笑的脸上波纹起伏,颜色也是黑里透红。

阅读下面的宋词,完成下面小题。菩萨蛮黄庭坚半烟半雨溪桥畔,渔翁醉着无人唤。疏懒意何长,春风花草香。江山如有待,此意陶潜解。问我去何之,君行到自知。(选自《全宋词》)

在厨房蒸馒头的母亲,揭开锅盖高兴地说到:“馒头笑了。”我没看出来,就问她怎么笑的。母亲说:“就是馒头开口了,过年了,讨个吉利,所以要说笑了才行。”

海上有一座冰山,阳光下,光芒四射,像一颗巨大的钻石。大鸟被迷住了,迅速飞了下去。其他大鸟纷纷向它呼唤,催它赶路,可它还是一个劲地飞向了冰山。

这一天,阳光明亮,大鸟忽然觉得它的双脚可以抬起了。它十分激动地对冰山说:“我能飞了,我能飞了,我可以回家啦!”它扇动翅膀,飞了起来。可是,大鸟很快掉进了海水里。它好几天没吃东西,已经没有一丝力气。

Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.

YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.

In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.

As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).

During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.

Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.

When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
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