在人物方面,刘慈欣的小说继承了古典科幻小说中的人物塑造规律,即无论是技术专家还是普通人,他们一定要在社会的变革中被推向改变世界的精英舞台。在情感线索方面,刘慈欣与其他新生代作家的主要区别是,他很少将男女关系置于情感的中心位置(虽然他的男女情感写得细腻而成熟)……在他的作品中,科学的诗意永远是一种基本情调。疑难探究如何理解小说中的“我”和小姑娘这两个人物形象?小说的主要人物是“我”与“她”(小姑娘)。“我”是小说的叙事者,也是小说中“行动着”的人,起着串联情节的作用。“我”的性格既有开朗热情的一面,也有灰色伤感的另一面,内心深处的悲悯情怀,使“我”这个形象更加丰满。小姑娘作为地航飞船的领航员,身处险境而不惊恐,不慌乱,还不告诉“我”自己所处的位置,不倾诉自己的郁闷,以大无畏的精神继续坚守岗位,不仅表现出勇敢、乐观、坚韧的品质,更带有一种悲壮的英雄主义色彩。
文帝之后六年,匈奴大入边。乃以宗正刘礼为将军,军霸上;祝兹侯徐厉为将军,军棘门;以河内守亚夫为将军,军细柳:以备胡。这一段主要围绕“大入边”之“大”来构建段落。整段文字看似与“大”无关,实则处处围绕“大”字做文章。写汉文帝三封将军“以备胡”,这是从内容上写胡人“入边”之“大”:边关吃紧,战势严峻。为了达到内容与形式的珠联璧合,司马迁在言语上连用三个“以……为……”的排比句式,以排山倒海的“声”势从言语上体现了“大”,以此增强文章的气势,形成一种“山雨欲来风满楼”的危急感。不仅如此,司马迁甚是在意言语细节。在连用三个“以……为……”时,打破言语的惯性,突然在第二个“以……为……”中省略了“以”字,这看似唐突,实则其心可鉴,省略第二个“以”字后,“以宗正刘礼为将军,军霸上;祝兹侯徐厉为将军,军棘门”不仅在视觉上间隔缩短,而且在朗读时彼此节奏加紧,联系更加紧密,军情更显危急,胡人“入边”之形势就显得更“大”了。而且,三个“以……为……”;“……为……”;“以……为……”之间张弛有度,一紧一松,营造了语势上的跌宕起伏,极具音韵之美。
设问2:第3段和第4段都写繁华,两段的区别是什么?预设 第3段是概括总写繁华景象,第4段则是具体描绘繁华景象。两段之间是从概括到具体的逻辑关系。【设计意图】通过细读课文,让学生在把握生字词的基础上对课文有初步的感知,可以用简单的词语概括作者所感知画面的整体特点,而且能够用文中具体的语句加以印证。以此训练学生自主把握文章重要信息的能力。三、自主探究寻繁华1.浏览课文,理清全文的说明顺序设问1:作者介绍了这幅画哪些方面的信息?在文中进行勾画批注,并说说文章可分为哪几个部分,概括主要意思。(生浏览勾画,批注交流)预设 文章分为三个部分:第1段:介绍这幅画作的创作背景,引出本文的说明对象——《清明上河图》。第2段:介绍了这幅画作的作者张择端及其创作动机。
预设 清政府派遣这些留学生去国外留学,目的是学习国外先进的科学技术,回来报效国家,然而实际上他们在国外不学无术,忘记了自身使命和肩上的责任。作者在描写完留学生的这些丑态之后,采用了反语的手法,用一句话进行了总结——“实在标致极了”,仿佛是压抑不住的火山爆发,极尽讽刺之能事,酣发鄙夷、憎恶之胸臆。师:作者在这里采用了反语的手法,暗讽“清国留学生”们的丑态,除此之外,文中还有哪些地方运用了这种手法?预设 作者称日俄战争时的日本学生为“爱国青年”,说自己国内的论敌为“正人君子”,都是运用反语进行嘲讽。又如说日本对医学的翻译“并不比中国早”,说日本青年虽抗议托尔斯泰引用《新约》中的话,但他们“暗地里却早受了他的影响了”,都是话里有话,含义无穷的。【设计意图】此环节通过“咬文嚼字”,让学生学会从字里行间来品析文章深意,同时使学生进一步揣摩鲁迅先生“幽默讽刺、含蓄深蕴”的语言风格。
3. 同学们,我们再从表达方式方面去考虑一下。教师指正:写景、抒情、议论相结合。这是一首雄壮的抒情词作。上阕写景,气势磅礴、气象雄浑,而又寓情于景,句句洋溢着热爱祖国河山的豪情。下阕议论,由评论历史人物转到歌颂当代无产阶级英雄,抒发作者的豪情壮志。全词熔写景、议论和抒情于一炉,使主题鲜明突出,表现出强烈的艺术效果。五、 课堂检测,当堂反馈要求学生当堂做完下列题目,师生再共同订正,看看还有哪些知识没有掌握,教师及时要求学生巩固。六、知识迁移,拓展延伸1. 请同学们下面读一下柳宗元的《江雪》,回答后面的问题。教师:唐代著名文学家柳宗元写过的这首《江雪》,言简意深。请同学们思考分析,这首诗与《沁园春·雪》在感情基调上有什么不同?是什么原因造成的? 教师指正:柳宗元因参加革新运动失败而遭贬,他的政治思想和远大抱负不能实现,内心的苦恼与愤懑反映在诗中,就是那个卓尔不群、孤芳自赏、“独钓寒江雪”的“蓑笠翁”。而毛泽东的词作大气磅礴,格调高亢,充满了热爱祖国河山、以天下为己任的豪情壮志。这种差别,主要是由于作者所处的时代、境遇,特别是胸怀的阔狭造成的。
本文是一篇语言优美,充满儿童情趣和文学色彩的文章,仿佛呼唤着我们去寻找春天。我们到校园里找一找,也许能在操场边发现刚探出头的小草;我们到野外去找一找,也许能在天空中发现飘飘摇摇的风筝;打开课本,我们还会在课本插图中发现春天的影子;读着课文,我们会感觉自己就是那几个脱掉棉袄,冲出家门,奔向田野的孩子,我们还能体会到寻找春天的急切心情,感受到发现春天的欣喜。二年级学生具有好奇、爱探索、易受感染的心理特点,容易被新鲜的事物、活动的东西所吸引。在一年半的语文学习后,他们已经能够说一段较完整的话,并能在教师创设的情境中体验、感受,达到情感的共鸣,同时也积累了不少生活素材,这些都是学习本课的有利因素。
一、教材简析 本单元教学内容主要有:除法的初步认识、用2~6的 乘法口诀求商,解决实际问题。除法的初步认识分两个层次:第一,以生活中常见的“每份同样多”的实例合活动情境,让学生建立“平均分”概念。第二,在“平均分”概念的基础上引出除法运算,说明除法算式各部分的名称。用口诀求商遵循由易到难的原则。解决问题是结合除法计算出现的。首先在除法的初步认识教学中 孕伏解决问题的内容。然后在用2~6的乘法口诀求商之后编入了解决有关平均分的实际问题和需要用乘法和除法两步计算解决简单实际问题的内容。
四、品读揣摩诗歌情志1.读出意境画面。师:请同学们以小组为单位,齐声朗读诗歌,然后合作交流,探究下面问题。(1)诗人用了哪些意象来表现晚春景色?诗人用了什么手法来写晚春景物?取得了怎样的艺术效果?(2)诗歌一、二句写出了怎样的晚春景致?请同学们用自己的语言描绘出来。(3)诗的三、四句意蕴深刻,为历代传诵。请从修辞手法的角度对这两句诗进行赏析。(生齐读后,小组交流、讨论问题,师指导明确)预设 (1)诗人用了草树、杨花、榆荚等意象表现晚春景色。一个“斗”字,运用拟人的修辞手法,把花朵人格化,形象生动地写出了晚春时节花草树木争芳斗艳的美丽景象。花草树木仿佛都有了情思,有了个性,成了精灵,使描绘的晚春景致生动而有情趣。
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
A.城镇数量猛增B.城市规模不断扩大【设计意图】通过读图的对比分析,提高学生提取信息以及对比分析问题的能力,通过小组之间的讨论,培养合作能力。五、课堂小结和布置作业关于课堂小结,我打算让学生自己来总结,你这节课学到了什么。这样既可以提高学生的总结概括能力,也可以让我在第一时间内获得它们的学习反馈。(本节课主要学习了珠三角的位置和范围以及改革开放以来珠三角地区工业化和城市化的发展。)关于作业的布置,我打算采用分层次布置作业法。第一个层次的作业是基础作业,要求每一位同学都掌握,第二个层次的作业是弹性作业,学生可以根据自己的情况来选做。整个这堂课,老师只是作为一个引导者、组织者的角色,学生才是课堂上真正的主人,是自我意义的建构者和知识的生成者,被动的、复制式的课堂将离我们远去。
(3)师生讨论,提升思维深度。教师引领学生将讨论由农业生态破坏、土地利用不合理等表象问题逐步深入到农业结构不合理、农业技术落后等深层问题,提升了学生思维的深度。(4)角色体验,突破难点落实重点。在农民与保护区工作人员的角色体验活动中,学生们尝试换位思考,在冲突与交锋中,在教师的引领下,重新认识环境保护与区域经济发展的关系,在情感体验中加深对可持续发展内涵的理解,小冲突凸显大矛盾是本课设计的创新之处。2.注重对地理问题的探究,突出地理学科本质。地理学科具有综合性、区域性特征,区域差异及人地和谐发展观是我们在教学中应该把握的基本特征,也是我们应当把握的地理学科的本质特征,因此在本节课的设计中我注重抓住地理事物的空间特征、综合性特征,以突出地理学科的本质。
由于这部分知识已要求学生在课前收集相关资料探讨分析,,现在提供机会让他们进行交流,充分发表各自的见解。所以,学生对这个知识掌握起来并不难。所以,我对这部分内容不做太多的讲解,只要做进一步的梳理,加深学生的理解即可。 第三是小结环节 在学生对西气东输工程的原因掌握之后进入的是小结环节,这里我进一步提出问题:在西气东输工程段的建设中有没有什么难关? 通过西气东输的难度了解,间接的表现我国的科技的发展,增加学生的爱国情,同时也说明西气东输的建成也有技术这一原因。从而也完成了本课时的小结。 第四环节是作业布置 在这里要求学生课后预习本课剩下的内容:思考西气东输对区域发展的影响以及为何要实施资源的跨区域调配。通过这样的问题一方面为下节课学习奠定基础,另一方面体现本课学习从“个”到“类”从特殊到一般的过程。
第二周国旗下讲话稿:新学期新征程新的学期开始了,我们又踏上了前进的征程,无论前途是多么艰难,只要我xx一中人满怀激情与梦想,就一定会有更完美的收获,相信在16年的联考与高考上,我们还会更上层楼。站在国旗下,我的心久久不能平静,我在思考,一中给老师同学们的是什么?是这浮满尘土的操场,是那简陋的宿舍,还是那冬天都下雨的办公室?都不是,xx一中给大家的是永不服输的勇气,不怕艰难困苦的决心,是敢于亮剑,勇于负责的霸气,相信在困苦的磨练下的一中人,越来越强,越来越棒!老师们,优秀的教师一辈子都在备课,我校虽然在集智备课上快人一步,领先于其他学校,但也要认识到不足之处,深入研究,在方法与积累上多下功夫,稳稳抓住课堂这一中心,创新拼搏。“天道酬勤”“苦心人天不负”,相信有你们的辛苦奉献,xx一中明天会更好!新学期让我由衷的代表学校说一句“亲爱的老师,您辛苦了”。有一句话说得好,“做最好的自己,才能碰撞出最好的别人”希望我们每位老师无论是在家庭还是学校里,始终用最好的自己去感染你的亲人和学生,乐观向上,幸福健康。
教师运用操作探索的方式来学习水有什么特点,幼儿可以从自己动手的过程中探索知识,吸取知识。把水的性质是透明、没有颜色、没有气味、会流动充分掌握起来。操作学习时用了四个实验去激发幼儿探索兴趣。 实验一、水是流动的。 实验二、水是没颜色的。 实验三、水是透明的。 实验四、水是没有气味的。 实验时,幼儿是主体,教师主导。运用了观察法、引导法、亲身体验法、互相交流等方式方法去完成这四个实验。例如:作实验一时,教师提壶把水到入脸盆中,让幼儿观察水的流动;当盆中盛满水后继续到水,盆中的水会是什么样的?观察后让幼儿提出自己的见解,幼儿的主动性得到发挥。例如:做实验四:让幼儿亲自闻一闻水和醋,判断水是没有气味的。幼儿通过亲身体验更能掌握知识。这四个实验的过程针对幼儿的年龄特点做的设计。学习时,幼儿对水产生了浓厚的兴趣,在不自觉中完成了学习水的性质。
我今天说课的内容是选自幼儿园建构式课程中班下册科学教育活动《我爱大树和小花》。《新纲要》科学领域目标中明确提出了:培养幼儿爱护动植物,关心周围环境,亲近大自然,珍惜自然资源,有初步的环保意识。在我们生活的周围有各种各样的树和花,对于孩子来说既熟悉又陌生,每每在户外活动时孩子总会不经意地去看看、摸摸,有时还会说一句,如:这颗树好大哦,这朵花好漂亮哦,有时候还会进行追问,如:这颗叫什么树,这叫什么花……然而随着社会的进步人类慢慢淡化了对身边花草树木的爱护,甚至亲手破坏身边的环境,如:乱砍树木,乱摘花朵……结合中班建构式课程中的主题教学《大树和小花》的内容,我设计了符合中班幼儿年龄特点的教学活动《我爱大树和小花》,引导幼儿要保护身边的花草树木,清楚花草树木与人类的关系以及对人类的作用。通过挂图与教材的阅读理解保护花草树木的重要性,从而萌发幼儿爱护花草树木的情感。
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