培养学生合作交流意识和探究问题的能力,这一部分知识层层递进,符合学生由特殊到一般、由简单到复杂的认知规律。4、互动探究(1)极限思想的渗透让学生阅读“思考与讨论”小版块.培养学生的自学和阅读能力提出下列问题,进行分组讨论:a、用课本上的方法估算位移,其结果比实际位移大还是小?为什么?b、为了提高估算的精确度,时间间隔小些好还是大些好?为什么?针对学生回答的多种可能性加以评价和进一步指导。让学生从讨论的结果中归纳得出:△t越小,对位移的估算就越精确。渗透极限的思想。通过小组内分工合作,讨论交流,培养学生交流合作的精神,以及搜集信息、处理信息的能力;通过小组间对比总结,使学生学会在对比中发现问题,在解决问题过程中提高个人能力;
设计意图:几道例题及练习题,其中例1小车由静止启动开始行驶,以加速度 做匀加速运动,求2s后的速度大小?进而变式到:小车遇到红灯刹车……,充分体现了“从生活到物理,从物理到社会”的物理教学理念;例题及练习题由浅入深、由易到难、各有侧重,体现新课标提出的让不同的学生在物理上得到不同发展的教学理念。这一环节总的设计意图是反馈教学,内化知识。(6) 小结归纳,拓展深化我的理解是,小结归纳不应该仅仅是知识的简单罗列,而应该是优化认知结构,完善知识体系的一种有效手段,为充分发挥学生的主题作用,从学习的知识、方法、体验是那个方面进行归纳,我设计了这么三个问题:① 通过本节课的学习,你学会了哪些知识;② 通过本节课的学习,你最大的体验是什么;③ 通过本节课的学习,你掌握了哪些学习物理的方法?
2、教学目标根据我对教材的理解、结合学生的实际情况、渗透新课程的教学理念,为提高全体学生的科学素养,按课程标准,以促进全体学生发展为目的。从知识与技能、过程与方法,情感态度与价值观三个方向培养学生,拟定三个教学目标:知识与技能:(1)知道什么是动能。(2)正确理解和运用动能公式分析、解答有关问题。(3)掌握外力对物体所做的总功的计算,理解“代数和”的含义。(4)理解和运用动能定理。过程与方法:通过演绎推理过程,培养科学研究兴趣,领略物理学中所蕴含的严谨的逻辑关系。情感、态度、价值观:通过运用动能定理分析解决问题,感受成功的喜悦,培养学生对科学研究的兴趣。3、教学的重点和难点重点:理解动能定理、应用动能定理解决力学问题。难点:应用动能定理解决多个过程的力学问题,以及变力做功或曲线运动中的动能定理运用。
2、计算天体的质量首先观看多媒体展示天体的运动,同时解释什么是环绕天体?什么是中心天体?接着展示相关问题:①应用万有引力定律求解天体质量的基本思路是什么?②求解天体质量的方程依据是什么?教师点拨,学生分组,合作探究,学生代表发言设计说明通过创设问题情境,进行由浅至深,由易到难的问题式教学,以激发学生的积极思维活动;通过探究让学生建立物理模型,分组讨论,求解中心天体质量的三种表达式。在进行已有知识的迁移时重点重复环绕和被绕的关系,使学生准确抓住模型中的各个星体所担任的角色。通过小组合作学习,运用类比归纳法得出正确结论,掌握求解中心天体质量的基本思路,以达到突出教学重点的目的。3、发现未知天体通过2个视频进行了解设计说明这部分通过视频主要激发学生相信科学,学习科学,让学生感知人类探索宇宙的梦想,激发学生探索科学奥秘的热情,培养热爱科学的情感,促使学生树立献身科学的人生价值观。
四、教学过程1.导入新课(2分钟)出示中非合作论坛暨第3届部长级会议图片。用时事引起学生注意,设问,“55年前,亚洲与非洲有哪一次跨越印度洋的握手”,提示答案“万隆亚非会议”,给出答案导入新课2.外交环境:学生阅读,教师分析。(3分钟)3.外交方针之一:独立自主的和平外交方针(5分钟) 出示材料:《共同纲领》引文。学生、阅读、提炼除新中国奉行独立自主的外交政策。进而由学生分析另起炉灶、打扫干净屋子再请客和一边倒。培养学生分析材料、利用材料的能力过度:新中国作出一边倒大的积极主动态势,社会主义阵营的兄弟们也立刻作出了积极回应。1949年10月2日,中苏建立了外交关系。4.外交建树之一:同苏联等17个国家建立外交关系(3分钟)出示毛泽东访问苏联等图片和第一批建交的17个国家名字
四.设计反思我在设计本课时,希望通过情境的创设充分再现历史,并利用多媒体辅助教学,破重点、化难点,让学生主动参与到学习过程中,从而突破狭小的教室空间,让学生真正做到感知历史,立足现实,展望未来。自主,交流、合作、探究是课程改革中着力倡导的新型学习方式。课堂教学中如何开展小组合作的探究学习存在着很多困难,首先是课堂教学时间有限,如何体现面向全体,给每个学生以机会?再次,历史问题的讨论只能依托于史料才能使讨论不沦为空谈,课堂上通过网络提供大量的史料(文字、图片或其他),势必不能有充分时间让学生阅读分析。如何解决这些问题呢?措施一:要形成较固定的历史学习合作小组。选定一位同学担任组长,负责协调措施二:要设置有利于学生探究的问题情境措施三:要把课堂教学与课外学习结合起来。在课前就印发相关的材料,或引导学生去查阅相关的资料,让学生有个充分的阅读、思考、交流的时间,是保证课堂上小组交流能成功实现的一个前提
首先引导回顾细胞质内各个细胞器的分工协作、产生分泌蛋白的过程;同时思考:为什么这些细胞器可以这样有条不紊的密切协作?这中间有没有专门起协调和控制作用的部门?从而导入本节内容。通过学生小组讨论及师生共同分析“资料分析”中的4个实验,总结出细胞核的功能,即细胞核是遗传信息库,控制细胞代谢和遗传的功能。在此基础上,向学生举出克隆羊多莉的实例,加强理解。设问:那么细胞核为什么能成为细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心?要弄清这个问题,我们必须从细胞核的结构中寻找答案,从而引出细胞的结构。在这部分,引导学生思考以下几个问题:(1)细胞核能控制细胞的遗传,说明其应该有什么物质?(2)含有DNA的结构如线粒体、叶绿体,它们的外面都有什么相同的结构?(3)细胞核能控制细胞,肯定能与外界联系,如何能办到?(4)学习RNA的分布时,RNA主要分布在细胞质,少量还分布在哪里呢?
一、说教材的地位和作用《细胞中的元素和化合物》是人教版教材生物必修一第二章第1节内容。《细胞中的元素和化合物》这一节,首先在节的引言中,明确指出自然界的生物体中的元素是生物有选择地从无机自然界中获得的,没有一种元素是细胞特有的。但细胞与非生物相比,各元素的含量又大不相同。说明生物界与非生物界具有统一性和差异性。这部分内容较为浅显,但是结论非常重要,对于学生了解生物的物质性具有重要意义二、说教学目标根据本教材的结构和内容分析,结合着高一年级学生的认知结构及心理特征,我制定了以下的教学目标:1、知识目标:知道组成细胞的主要元素;知道为什么碳元素是构成细胞的基本元素2、能力目标:学会检测生物组织中的糖类、脂肪和蛋白质的方法。(1)通过对C元素的分析,说明有机化合物形成的可能性及必然性,初步培养学生跨学科综合分析问题的能力。(2)通过对组成细胞中的元素的百分比的分析,通过对不同化合物的质量分数的学习,培养学生理解、思考和分析问题的能力。
(一)教材的地位新中国的成立是20世纪的一件大事。它结束了几千年封建专制统治的历史,开启了中华民族发展的新纪元。本课侧重这一时期一个非常显著的特征,即制度的更新,它本身具有知识的延续性和铺垫性。新中国的成立促进了社会经济的发展,也为祖国的统一奠定了重要基础。(二)教学目标依据新课程以人为本,促进学生全面发展的要求,同时,针对高一年级学生具备一定基础知识但掌握不牢固,对历史兴趣浓厚但又自制能力差的特点,我对本课的三维目标设定如下:见多媒体。(三)教学重点的确定及处理本课的主题是新中国的民主政治建设,这个问题的掌握对以后学习中国民主政治建设的进程有很大帮助,并且学生能力的提高也有赖于对它的认识,所以确定“人民代表大会制度的创立”是教学重点。
问题设计:通过这一课的学习,同学们能解释君主专制中央集权制度的含义吗?【总结】封建专制主义中央集权制度包括专制主义和中央集权制两个概念。专制主义是就中央的决策方式而言的,主要体现在皇位终身制和世袭制上,特征是皇帝个人独裁专断,集国家最高权力于一身,从决策到行使军政财权都具有独断性和随意性;中央集权则是相对于地方分权而言,其特点是地方政府在政治、经济、军事等方面没有独立性,必须充分执行中央的政令,一切服从于中央。三、秦朝中央集权制的影响展示图片:《秦朝疆域图》正是由于有一个统一集中的中央政权,秦王朝才能积极开拓疆域,北拒匈奴,南吞百越,有利于我国多民族国家统一发展。为了巩固统一的国家,秦朝还通过实行哪些措施巩固统一局面?展示图片:“秦半两钱”“秦权”“小篆”“秦简”等图片。正是有一个强有力中央政府,才统一了货币、文字、度量衡,才开驿道、修灵渠,从而促进了中国经济文化的发展进步。展示“孟姜女哭长城”的故事材料从故事及你所掌握的材料中,你认为秦朝能否长治久安?为什么?
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
教 学 过 程教师 行为学生 行为教学 意图时间 *揭示课题 1.3正弦定理与余弦定理. *创设情境 兴趣导入 在实际问题中,经常需要计算高度、长度、距离和角的大小,这类问题中有许多与三角形有关,可以归结为解三角形问题,经常需要应用正弦定理或余弦定理. 介绍 播放 课件 了解 观看 课件 学生自然的走向知识点 0 5*巩固知识 典型例题 例6一艘船以每小时36海里的速度向正北方向航行(如图1-14).在A处观察灯塔C在船的北偏东30°,0.5小时后船行驶到B处,再观察灯塔C在船的北偏东45°,求B处和灯塔C的距离(精确到0.1海里). 解 因为∠NBC=45°,A=30°,所以C=15°, AB = 36×0.5 = 18 (海里). 由正弦定理得 答:B处离灯塔约为34.8海里. 例7 修筑道路需挖掘隧道,在山的两侧是隧道口A和B(图1-15),在平地上选择适合测量的点C,如果C=60°,AB = 350m,BC = 450m,试计算隧道AB的长度(精确到1m). 解 在△ABC中,由余弦定理知 =167500. 所以AB≈409m. 答:隧道AB的长度约为409m. 图1-15 引领 讲解 说明 引领 观察 思考 主动 求解 观察 通过 例题 进一 步领 会 注意 观察 学生 是否 理解 知识 点 40
第五,蛋白质的功能。蛋白质功能具有多样性,由学生对照教材,进行总结。为什么蛋白质有那么多功能呢?根据我们学习生物学的经验可知道:生物的结构决定功能。再要求刚才的那四个同学上台组合多肽链。以不同位置组合,就会形成很多种多肽链,进而形成很多种蛋白质。每一种蛋白质都有其特定的功能,所以蛋白质具有多样性,其功能也具有多样性。第六,总结。蛋白质是细胞和生物体中重要的有机化合物,是一切生命活动的主要承担者。蛋白质的多样性是形形色色生物和绚丽多彩生命活动的物质基础。(可以由学生总结)第七,教学评价。由于只有一节课时间,课堂上对重点、难点知识的解析还不能做到举一反三的深度,因此尽管学生课堂反应热烈,对知识点的接受程度也达到了预期的要求,但在做课后练习时,也会出现一些问题。所以传统的讲练结合还是要结合起来运用才能取得更好的效果。为此本节内容需要2课时来完成。
第11段很短,只点出了这是“在妇女身上搞不育试验的地方”,但在最末又加了一句“否则他会羞红了脸的”,这是为什么?那肯定是一个极为肮脏,极为残酷的地方。据资料记载:当时的希特勒制定一项令所有被征服或占领国家的民族充当奴隶并且逐渐消亡的隐密性种族灭绝计划——高效率、大规模的强制绝育。为此,数以百计的纳粹医生、教授、专家甚至护士,在行政管理专家的通力合作下,相继提出了几十种绝育方法,十余种实施方案,并且在奥斯维辛、拉芬斯布吕克、布亨瓦尔特、达豪等十多个大型集中营内对数以万计的犹太、吉普赛囚犯、因从事抵抗运动而被捕的政治犯和男女战俘进行了残酷的手术试验,造成他们大量死亡或者终身残疾、终身不育。这样残酷的毫无人性的手段,任谁也不愿看到。
一、说教材《别了,不列颠尼亚》是编排在人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书语文1(必修)》第四单元的课文,是精读课文《短新闻两篇》中的一篇,另一篇是《奥斯维辛没有什么新闻》。这一单元的学习内容是新闻和报告文学,还有两篇作品分别是中国报告文学三大里程碑之一的《包身工》和记录中国航天事业辉煌发展的《飞向太空的航程》。在当今信息大爆炸的时代,如何快速获得信息,如何在新闻中解读事件的真相,感悟生活的内涵成为语文教学的又一重大任务。因此这一单元的编入便更多地具有了时代意义,体现了语文学科与日常生活的密切关系。不仅如此,新闻特写和报告文学的选入,拓宽了学生对新闻类文章的了解,体现语文学科的工具性作用。在选文的过程中,新教材同时注重语文学科的人文性,四篇作品不仅传递着新鲜、真实的信息,同时更张显人文性的厚度,他们以饱满的情感,纵横的历史经验。
二、说学生本届高一学生经过了三年初中课改,在心理上,他们渴望表现的欲望和自主探究的欲望比较强烈,对有兴趣的知识表现出高度地热情,并具有一定的团结协作能力,但还是应该正视一个并不乐观的现实——在写作方面,学生知识还停留在简单的记叙及表达方式综合运用上,至于巧妙构思、谋篇布局很是空白。即便已经经过高中一个学期的学习,但还是有大部分学生依然基础较为薄弱,甚至出现不知从何下笔的现象。三、说教法与学法“老师搭台,学生唱戏”1、教法:本课将安排两课时(一课时学习一课时练笔),采用 PPT 多媒体课件教学,尝试用角色扮演法、图片展示法和多媒体教学等方法,教学中应该重视学生的参与性和探究性。2、学法:学生应该充分利用多角度创设的学习情境来激发自身学习的兴趣和热情,分组讨论,小组互助等形式让学生积极自主参与、进行问题探究学习。理论依据:建构主义理论“学生是学习的中心”的阐释,教师应该做学生主动建构意义的帮助者、促进者。
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