
一、说教材《新课程标准》对初中阶段的文言文学习提出了要求:“阅读浅显的文言文,能借助注释和工具书理解基本内容。学会运用多种阅读手法,能粗步理解、鉴赏文学作品,受到高雅情操与趣味的熏陶。”结合《湖心亭看雪》这篇课文的特点,为了让学生在课堂上有一点畅想,有一点创造,我设计了这堂“活动板块型”课式,意在用多样式活动激发学生学习兴趣,在活动中交流、在活动中探究、在活动中对话、在活动中体验,让学生真正做课堂的主人。二、教学目标1、积累文言词汇,培养古文的阅读理解能力。2、了解雪后西湖的美景,感受作品所描写的景物和画面。3、领悟作者的志趣,理解作者的精神世界。三、教学重难点俄罗斯作家契诃夫在谈创作体会时说过这样一句话:“简洁是力才的姊妹,写得有才华就是写得短。”这篇《湖心亭看雪》就是最好的证明。

至此,教师可以明确:对刘备形象的塑造采用的手法以语言、动作描写为主,表现了刘备宽宏的气度和礼贤下士的品质,以及他兴复汉室的诚挚之心。那还有哪些是“为辅”的呢?还要引导学生关注小说情节中关、张二人的作用。我提出这样的讨论问题:“同去邀请诸葛亮,面对这些波折,关张二人有怎样的言行呢?这样刻画关张二人有什么作用?”我们看文中的关、张二人的言行。第一次请诸葛亮不遇,刘备与崔州平,聊了很长时间,张飞抱怨刘备“闲谈许久”,并无他言;第二次去隆中张飞抱怨天冷;第三次连关羽都觉得过分,认为那诸葛亮不过徒有虚名,不敢见而已。认为刘备礼遇太过了。张飞更直接,干脆我拿个麻绳把他捆来算了。这些言行,从侧面更显出刘备非凡的识人智慧。教师可以总结,通过与关羽、张飞二人对诸葛亮态度的对比,侧面烘托了刘备善识人才,渴求贤才的特点。

《谈创造性思维》作者是美国著名的实业家罗迦·费·因格。文章聚焦创造性思维,谈如何培养创造性人才的问题。文章先用四个图形引出“事物的正确答案不止一个”的观点,然后层层推进,提出“不满足于一个答案,不放弃探求”的重要性,以及创造性思维必备的要素;最后得出结论:任何人都有可能成为富有创造性的人。2、教学设想与教学目标本文不拘泥于传统的思维方式,独辟蹊径,大胆创新,富于思辨色彩。教学本文,首先应该帮助学生了解议论文的文体特征,明确议论文中论点、论据、论证三者之间的关系;其次,引导学生理解本文的中心论点,理清本文围绕中心论点逐层展开论述的论证思路,并通过自己的思考,作出判断;第三,把握本文的论证方式及其运用事实论证的写法,品味文中设问句的表达效果,培养学生的议论文阅读能力;最后,激发创造的火花,展开创造的魅力,培养学生的创新意识。

1.潜在价值──某种不知名的昆虫。间接价值──每个物种都维系着它们所在的生态系统的结构和功能。直接价值──芦苇是一种重要的造纸原料;蝉蜕是一种动物性药物;鲁班通过观察某种叶片的叶缘得到启示,研制出了木工用的锯;海洋和森林等生态系统能陶冶情操、激发创作的灵感。2.主要的困难是,一些发达国家(如美国、加拿大和欧盟国家等),拒绝核准或迟迟不予核准该议定书。主要争议的问题是,这些国家担心影响本国经济的发展和其他国家可能不承担相应的责任。例如,美国政府在2003年3月以“减少温室气体排放将会影响美国经济发展”和“发展中国家也应该承担减排和限排温室气体的义务”为由,宣布拒绝执行《京都议定书》。建议世界各国特别是发展中国家联合起来,通过联合国大会和各国的政府以及民间组织等多种途径,呼吁每年大量产生温室气体的发达国家率先核准《京都议定书》(我国政府早在2002年9月就核准了《京都议定书》)。

1.导入新课:用触目精心的一首MTV《EARTHSONG》导入新课,引出人类已经面临严峻的人口、资源与环境的危机。而中国是世界上人口最庞大的国家,人口、资源与环境问题更加严重。既然我们知道了可持续发展的概况,了解了它的发展过程,从上节课内容的分析中,也理解了作为人类的发展,可持续是唯一的选择,也是我们所追求的目标,那么,具体到我们国家、我们周围的生产、生活情况又该如何呢?2.新课讲授:首先,通过三则补充材料的案例和课本上的内容分别说明庞大的人口压力,资源短缺和不合理利用,深刻的环境危机方面的问题,得出走可持续发展之路是我国的必然的唯一的选择。接着通过《中国21世纪议程》——中国21世纪人口环境与发展的白皮书的过渡引出实施可持续发展的途径。在这部分内容的讲解上,主要通过其中一种主要途径-循环经济的讲解,特别是对清洁生产和生态农业的具体分析,总结出中国走可持续发展之路事在必行,行必有果。再通过完成课本上最后一个活动题对本节内容进行深化。

In the late autumn, John was badly ill andbecame bedridden (长期卧床的).After the doctor visited John several times, he told Sue, “His condition isquite ___22___.John seems to have lost all will to live. If he doesn’t want to live, medicineswill not help him.”

In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.

As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in waternear North Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).

Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.

At the age of nine, Kelly dreamed of being abasketball player. But one day when she was playing basketball, she hurt herleft leg ____16____.

Antarctica lies in the most southern part of theworld. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn’t much rain, but there is alot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!

During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.

I joineda band (乐队)as a drummer in my middle school. I thought itwould be fun playing the drum and meeting new friends. At first it was easy,but a month later, it got difficult. I was the only one who couldn’t keep pace (节奏)with the other players. Our teacher,Angie, singled me out to keep practicing while everyone else got to relax. Ifelt ashamed (羞愧的)as my teammates watched me fail so many times.Finally I got so tired of practicing that I didn’t care about doing it right.

YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.

As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).

Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉机)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”

In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.

The app — called Sit With Us — is ___15___. If a student is having lunch in the afternoon,he or she can create an invitation. Other students can open the app and ___16___ that invitation. They can then use the app todecide when and where to ___17___.

Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.

“Red Trip” in TonghuaTonghua is a good choice to have a “red trip”. It is aplace full of “red stories”. The well-known national hero Yang Jingyu oncefought here. Experience the “red spirit”!
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