材料一 李世民大帝是中国最杰出的英明君主之一,他用他高度的智慧,殷勤而小心地治理他的帝国,不久就为中国开创了一百三十年之久的第二个黄金时代.﹣﹣摘自柏杨《中国人史纲》材料二 像唐太宗这样有才能的人,从西汉以来,只哟这一人罢了,他任用有才能的人,手下的将相没有不是这样的人的,恭谨俭约节省费用,治理天下几乎到了置刑法而不用的地步.自从夏、商、周三个朝代以来,没有见过能够和他相匹敌的,然而传位给儿子再到孙子,就遭受武氏之乱,子孙被杀,局势危急,像差点儿就要断掉的线一样,后世人从本原上推究落得这样结局的原因却找不到.以我看来,可惜的是他不明白治世原则啊!﹣﹣摘编自苏辙《唐太宗论》(译文)(1)根据材料一、二并结合所学的知识,对材料一的观点进行评析.(2)根据材料二,说明作者评价历史人物的主要方法.
材料一 中国代表在和会上要求收回大战期间被日本侵占的德国在山东的一切权益,和会竟不顾中国的反对和抗议,决定把德国在山东的一切非法权益移交给日本,这激起了中国人民的无比愤怒。﹣﹣岳麓版(九下)历史教科书(1)材料一中“和会”指的是哪次国际会议?“这激起了中国人民的无比愤怒”引发的爱国运动是什么?
材料二从公元 476 年西罗马帝国灭亡到 14~16 世纪文艺复兴之前, 欧洲是政教合一的封建时代,宗教裁判所可以仅仅因为布鲁诺信奉哥白尼的日心说这样一个科学学说,而把他视为异端判处死刑,烧死在罗马鲜花广场上。因此,欧洲中世纪的科技经济发展和社会进步都受到了极大的阻碍,史称“黑暗的中世纪”。而这一千年,中国国家长期统一,经济持续发展,中华封建文明在大踏步前进……以四大发明为标志的传统技术更为世人所称道……只是到了近代才落后于西方。——摘编自王渝生《传统文化与中国科技发展》(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,指出中国古代科技在世界科技史上的地位变化情况。(4分)(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,概述公元401~1500年中国古代科技发展的主要原因。(6分)(3)下图是某校初三·三班吕亚楠同学制作的中国“古代四大发明”手抄报照片,其中“四大发明是什么”的答案有点模糊不清,请你补充完成。( 4 分)
材料一十八世纪,封建王朝统治下的法国是个农业国,但资本主义工商业已经有了很大的发展,资本主义的发展,要求冲破封建制度的束缚。1789年7月,法国大革命爆发。……十九世纪上半期,俄国资本主义已经有所发展。在欧洲工业革命的影响下,还出现了手工劳动逐步被机器生产取代的趋势。但俄国落后的农奴制限制了自由劳动力的供应和国内市场的开拓……1861年,沙皇亚历山大二世批准了废除农奴制的法令。﹣﹣摘编自《世界历史》九年级上册教材
材料二 二战后,为实现欧洲复兴,并增大在美苏两极格局中的发言权.欧洲各国摒弃前嫌,走上联合之路.法德两国共同推动的欧洲联合,一直到现在对整个欧洲都有强大的吸引力.(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识概括说明欧洲走上联合之路的原因.欧洲国家建立的联合组织是什么? 材料三 2001年“九一一事件”发生后,全球反恐斗争面临严峻的形势.在此形势下,美国不得不顺应多极化的发展趋势,主动寻求与联合国和国际社会的合作,特别是与中国和俄罗斯的合作,从而在国际反恐问题上达成了一定共识,有力的打击了国际恐怖势力.﹣川教版《世界历史》九年级(下)(3)根据材料三并结合所学知识指出当今世界人类面临的共同问题.请你为解决这些问题献计献策.
材料二 20世纪80年代初,大陆的统一观已经有了创新性的发展,不完全要求绝对的“政治上的服从”和制度上的一致,首创了一个国家中允许存在不同社会制度的理论。这一理论在香港和澳门获得了成功的实践。——据许士铃《国家统一是中华民族历史形成的国家观》⑵材料二中,大陆首创的“一个国家中允许存在不同社会制度的理论”是指什么(2分)分析这一理论提出的依据(2分)。
观沧海曹操东临碣石,以观沧海。水何澹澹,山岛竦峙。树木丛生,百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟,洪波涌起。日月之行,若出其中;星汉灿烂,若出其里。幸甚至哉,歌以咏志。
失掉了他信力,就会疑,一个转身,也许能够只相信了自己,倒是一条新生路,但不幸的是逐渐玄虚起来了。信"地"和"物",还是切实的东西,国联就渺茫,不过这还可以令人不久就省悟到依赖它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛,可就玄虚之至了,有益或是有害,一时就找不出分明的结果来,它可以令人更长久的麻醉着自己。
读书不能死章句,需要思考一个“活”字。李白在《嘲鲁儒》中说:“鲁叟谈五经,白发死章句。问以经济策,茫如坠烟雾。”诗人对那些夸夸其谈而没有真才实学的“鲁叟”进行了辛辣的嘲讽。这些人谈起五经头头是道,问起经世济民之策却茫然无知。他们拿腔拿调,架子十足,却死于章句,不知时变。陆游《冬夜读书示子聿》中的观点,则更加值得那些“鲁叟”们深思。他说“纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行”,言词朴素,满含哲理,诗中提出的理论与实践相结合的观点,至今犹有现实意义。只有在实践中才能得真知、悟真谛,真正学有所获,学有所用。
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉机)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
For a long time, I guarded the garden of peaceand quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would expect themto be out of sight (视野). And I would hand out tasks.
“Her daughter passed away a few days ago. Now,she can’t do the same things she used to do with her daughter. She doesn’t knowwhat to do. Even little things like making dinner and cleaning the house areharder for her to do now. Maybe you can think of a way to help her,” her mothersaid.
Michelle,a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in hercountry. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a Health Program to dealwith it. The Health Program is to reduce the number of fat students today andin the future.