材料一 社会大动荡、大变革催生了一场历时三百多年之久的跨世纪大辩论,儒墨争雄,儒道争锋,儒法争用……展现出无穷的魅力。这场大辩论,留下了那么多宝贵的思想文化遗产,让我们受益至今。——易中天《先秦诸子文化》(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括这场历时“三百多年之久的世纪大辩论”发生的历史 背景。(4分)
【首创统一】材料一 战国以来,政治上的分裂状态阻碍了社会发展,随着各国间经济文化联系不断加强,统一成为大势所趋……商鞅变法使秦国逐渐成为七国中实力最强的国家。秦王嬴政亲政后,坚持开放进取政略,博采六国之长,搜罗任用各国人才,加快了扫平六国统一天下的步伐。——摘自新北师版教材七年级上册1.结合材料一,分析秦为什么能兼并六国实现统一?(2分,用自己的语言概括总结)2.有历史学家说:“中国的政治统一完成于秦始皇,而中国的文化统一完成于汉武帝。”结合所学知识说明“中国的文化统一完成于汉武帝”。(1分)
材料三 美国内战是两种不同制度之间矛盾与冲突的结果,也是一场维护国家主权完整的战争。如果主权完整得不到维护,领 上得不到统一,资本主义制度就难以一统美国天下,工业化就会推迟。如果美国分裂成了两个或者更多的国家,或者北方没有赢得胜利,美国就不可能成为20世纪世界第一强国。——《大国崛起解说词》
材料三 每当人们在中国的文献中查找一种具体的科技史料时,往往会发现它的焦点在宋代,不管在应用科学方面还是在纯粹科学方面都是如此。……中国的科技发展到宋朝,已呈巅峰状态。在许多方面实际上已经超过了18世纪中叶工业革命前的英国或欧洲的水平。——(英)李约瑟《中国科学技术史》
材料一1868年4月,日本天皇率领群臣宣读“五条誓文”,决心励精图治,锐意改革……改革的动力是西化……英国模式自然作为铁路、电信、公共建筑和市政工程、纺织工业以及许多商业方面的模范;法国模式用来改革法制、军事;大学归功于美国。——摘自霍布斯鲍姆《资本的年代》材料二美国第32任总统罗斯福说:“作为一个国家,我们拒绝了彻底的革命计划,为了永远地纠正我们经济制度中的严重缺点,我们依靠的是旧的民主秩序的新应用。”
材料一 宋元时期,是我国古代发展的高峰时期,这一时期的科技,是在隋唐经济高度繁荣基础上的延续。宋朝结束了五代十国以来长期分裂割据和混战的局面。那时经济发展,城市繁荣,航海和对外贸易空前活跃,元朝实现了全国性的统一,中外经济文化交流频繁。两大因素的结合,使宋元文化突飞猛进,涌现出一批著名的科学家和文学家、艺术家,反映了那个时期我国科学技术在世界上的领先地位。——《宋元时期的科技成就》(1)根据材料概括宋元时期科技发展的原因,结合所学指出宋元时期在四大发明方面的成就。 材料二 西方近代科学一经产生,就以其蕴含的思想和方法对社会的各个方面进行了改造,驱动全社会的近代化不断深化。但在中国,尽管在明清之际西方近代科技就已传入,却没有能够产生其在西方社会所发挥的作用。——《论明清之际士人群体对西方科技的态度及历史影响》(2)西方近代科学引发了两次工业革命,分别使人类进入什么时代?结合所学从政治、经济、思想方面指出,明清时期的哪些因素阻碍西方近代科学在中国发挥作用?
材料一 2016年4月24日,“华光礁1号沉船特展”在南京博物院开展,吸引了众多观众前来参观。“华光礁1号”是我国考古工作者在西沙群岛的远海地区发现的第一艘古船.该船是一艘南宋商船,800多年前在航行到西沙华光礁时不幸触礁沉没。——摘编自2016年4月25日人民网材料二 据考证,“华光礁1号”当时是从福建泉州港出发,船货均为南宋外销瓷器,最终在西沙群岛沉没。这意味着,沉船行驶在向西的“海上丝绸之路”航线上,前往东南亚甚至更远的地方。专家认为,“华光礁1号”古沉船遗址及出土文物,记载着古代中国与周边国家友好往来的历史,标志着中国人开创了“全球经济一体化”的先河,促进了世界文明的发展。——摘编自2016年4月25日中国新闻网(1)根据材料写出这艘“商船”原定的航行路线。(2分)当时这艘船使用的先进导航工具应该是什么?(2分)(2)结合图9与相关内容,指出这艘沉船的出土文物主要是什么物品?(1分)请写出这些物品的著名产地之一。(1分)当时政府在港口设立的外贸管理部门是什么?(2分)(3)材料中的“海上丝调之路”最早开辟于哪个朝代?(2分)这条航线的开辟有何重大历史意义?(2分)
妈妈19岁嫁给爸爸。外婆生育了6个孩子,还领养了一个,但妈妈是唯一的女儿,在那个年代,虽然说不上能享受到多少宠爱,但至少没有遭受过任何对女性的轻慢,妈妈甚至还念到初中毕业,字写得比我还好,能自由阅读文学作品。
Choose the best choice fromA to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should beused only once.A: Hello, I’m a schoolnewspaper reporter. May I ask you some questions?B: ____46____
Once, herfather took her to the kitchen. He asked Jane to take a potato, an egg ____11____ two spoons of tea leaves. Jane was ____12____, andasked her father, “Do you want me to cook?”
Flying kites Kites have quite a long history. The earliest kites were made ofwood, instead of paper. Nowadays, the three most famous kites are the Beijingkite, Tianjin kite, and Weifang kite. And they are quite different from eachother. For example, the swallow-shaped kite is a well-known Beijing style.
Remember that it’s better to fail than it’s togive up, and the key is to learn from your failure(失败). But along withdifficulties, there will also be ____18____ wonderful waiting for you.
I often hear some students say English isdifficult, so they can’t learn it well. ___11___ English is very easy for me. I’m good ___12___ it. I’m very glad to tell you ___13___ about how I study English.
FIFA World Cup is one of the biggest sportsevents in the world. It ___11___every 4 years. The first World Cup was in 1930. It has a history of over 90years. During the World Cup, ___12___fans watch the games and cheer for their favorite teams or players.
The December day started like any other. Papacame back with his boat full of fish. Mama made breakfast for the family.Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers ranaround the yard. That day seemed peaceful, but Alejo ____16____ better.
My arms were shaking and my heart was beating ____19____ when I stood at thestarting line. ____20____the endless runway (跑道), I felt like a boat fighting against the windand rain. I ____21____myself that simply joining in was a victory (胜利) itself.
Lastsummer, I was holding the net when Grandpa asked me ____19____ I couldhelp him teach Frank how to play chess. I said no because I wanted to catchfish. Grandpa had been the one who’d taught us how to catch fish, but then the ____20____ made him stay behind.
All the family—my grandparents, my parents, myaunt and uncle, my cousin, my sister and I— ___27___ the turkey. However, turkey is not the easiestthing to ___28___.It takes a lot of time to prepare and a lot of work to cook…and there are a lotof chances for things to go wrong.
All thefamily—my grandparents, my parents, my aunt and uncle, my cousin, my sister andI— ___22___ the turkey. However, turkey is not the easiestthing to ___23___. It takes a lot of time to prepare and a lot ofwork to cook…and there are a lot of chances for things to go wrong.
Zu Ti was a great man of Jin Dynasty. He was ____16____ for his hard work andgreat achievements. But when he was a child, he was a naughty (顽皮的)boy who showed little ____17____ inreading. As he grew up, Zu Ti ____18____ hedidn’t have enough knowledge.