
从质量、体积、平均密度、公转与自转周期等各方面,地球没有一项是最大值或最小值,这说明地球仅仅是太阳系中一颗最普通不过的一颗行星。2、地球又是一颗特殊的行星。问题 :为什么?因为地球是目前我们已知的唯一存在生物,特点是存在高级智慧生物的天体。问题:为什么地球上会存在生命?原因:(1)地球所处的宇宙环境来说:地球处于一种相对安全的宇宙环境。例:A、九大行星公转的同向性、同面 性、及公 转轨道的近圆性。B 太阳光照条件的稳定性。从地球产生到地球上有生物,几十亿年期间,太阳 没有明显的变化,地球所处的光照条件一直较稳定,生命演化没有中断。(2)地球自身的物质条件:例:A 日地距离适中,形成了适宜的温度:日地距离适中,地球表面平均温度15度,适合生物的生存。(扩展:地球自转速度适中,大气层的保温效应)B 地球质量与体积适中,使地球有了适合的大气条件。C 原始海洋的形成 :使 生命的出现成为可能。

(1)请同学们结合日常生活实例和教材分析说明人类要在世界各地消除贫困并保持人口的合理容量任务的艰巨性?(2)采取何种措施才能更好的解决这一问题的出现?教师总结(1)现实中的人口问题(如人口过快增长、人口城市化和人口老龄化等)引发了严重的资源问题和环境问题。①发达国家的人均消耗资源量很大,索取资源和转嫁有害生产的地域超出了本国的范围。②发展中国家不仅人口数量多,人均消费水平低,而且一些国家的人口仍在快速增长。若在现有的经济基础上,把发展中国家人均生活质量提高到与发达国家相当的水平,所引发的资源短缺和环境问题将会相当严重,解决的难度也很大。(2)I就整个世界来说:①国际社会要倡导各国,尤其发展中国家要尽最大可能把人口控制在合理的规模之内;②建立公平的秩序,保证大多数人拥有不断追求高水平生活质量的平等权利。

2.由于附近金矿生产废弃物尾矿砂的堆积,孙家村的大沟里十几年来就吃掉了近百亩土地,使人均耕地下降到0.03公顷。村里和矿上共同商量,共同开发复垦,由矿上出钱,村里出劳力、机械,运来“客土”覆盖到尾矿填平的沟壑上,形成耕地。十年来,通过这种方式恢复耕地15.335公顷,不仅解决了尾矿污染问题,而且村里耕地由25公顷多增加到40公顷。【思考】分析以上两个例子,哪一个体现了可持续发展的原则,为什么?【分析】第二个材料体现了可持续发展。因为材料1用农田堆放垃圾会破坏土地肥力,影响农业生产,又污染环境,危害村民健康。这种行为目光短浅,只顾眼前利益,没有考虑长远发展。材料2既解决了尾矿污染问题,又增加了耕地面积,耕地是可再生资源,利用得当,可为村民提供农产品,解决温饱同时创造经济效益,达到良性循环。所以说保护环境就是挽救人类,我们要将这种意识转化为自身行为,使人地关系走向和谐。

中国古代商业的发展有哪些表现?综观中国古代历史,商业在不同的历史时期有不同的表现。主要表现在:(1)商业活动的场所的变化:先主要在城市中进行,后来农村集市贸易逐渐发展。唐时加快,明清时突出,出现了专业性的市集(如丝市、叶市、猪市等),以至逐渐形成了新兴的市镇(有的更是专业性的集散市集);而不是先有农村商业,而后才有城市商业的发展。(2)交易内容的变化:商业开始时以贩运、交流地区间的土特产品,经营统治者所需要的奢侈品为主要内容,以后随着商品货币经济的发展,市场商品种类增多、行业分细,为一般人民所需要的主要农副产品以及城市手工业所生产的大小商品在整个流通界地位提高。这种情况在宋代已经显现。(3)交易媒介的变化:商品交换最原始的形态是物物交换,不存在交易的媒介。随着商品交换的内容和地域的扩大,出现了以贝壳等为代表的一般等价物。

【课后研讨】当互联网正大踏步走进人类生活的时候,人们对网络作用的认识似乎还是模糊不清。一种意见认为,作为中学生,他们上网的机会很多,互联网向他们展示了各类知识结构,网络为他们提供了大量信息,又给他们提供了一个接触社会的个性化和国际化的空间,给了他们一个展示自身能力的大舞台,所以他们对于知识选择的灵活性大大增加,学习的主动性也大大提高,学习的内容自然大大超出了狭隘的课本范围,这对于学生能力的提高应是大有裨益的。另一种意见认为,网络的出现无疑为推进素质教育提供了一块绿洲.但部分中学生上网更多的是为了消遣和娱乐,因为网络--这个完全虚拟的世界是他们放松自己的最佳场所。同时也许正基于这一点,家长和师长才会对中学生上网出现不同程度的抵制,因为他们认为网上娱乐分散了他们过多的精力,会对学业造成影响;更为重要的是,他们害怕网络上的不良信息对他们的身心不利。

(形容词短语most beautiful的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作定语修饰名词bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。(形容词短语really happy的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作宾语补足语)[即学即练]画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.构成形式: 副词+形容词(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)副词短语:指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式有:(副词)+副词如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在这里工作。(副词短语here yesterday修饰动词did)②Bill did the work very well.比尔做的这份工作很好。副词短语very well修饰动词did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副词短语all entirely, 修饰形容词短语responsible for)

Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下来的三天里,您可以在当地导游的陪同下,深入雨林进行探索,欣赏雨林特有的动植物。本句主体结构为spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸,仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合,即可稳固墙体。本句为so that引导的结果状语从句。nothing与the perfect fit为并列成分; other than在句中意为“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.

Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游计划是一种常见的应用文写作。旅游可分为观光游、文化游、美食游及探险游等不同类型,因此旅游计划也要根据不同的旅游目的进行设计。常规的旅游计划需要明确以下几个方面的问题:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 为了提升旅行计划的层级,还需注意以下几个方面的问题:1.每段是否有明确清晰的主题;2.用一般现在时代替一般将来时;3.用更高级的形容词词汇。例如:表达“好”时,不要总用“nice”,我们还可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表达更具有指向性的词汇;4.用更高级的动词词汇。比如:我们可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";

This lesson aims at making a poster about protecting wildlife after reading some posters. During reading students are guided to understand the content and try to summarize the posters with one sentence. Then students are guided to try to make a poster about protecting wildlife.1. Read the two posters and try to understand the summary sentences.2. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.3. Try to summarize the features of posters4. Try to make a poster about wildlife.1. Look at the two posters and try to understand what emotions they express.2. Try to summarize the features of posters3. Try to make a poster about wildlife.Step 1 Lead inLook at the the posters on the textbook and ask:Which emotions do the posters communicate ?Step 2 Read the poster and answer the questions.1. What do you think of the animals in the poster on the left ?I think it is frightening and ugly.2. Why do we should protect the ugly animals ?All species--the good, the bad, and the ugly-- should be treated equally.The world needs all kinds--without variety, our planet cannot survive.3. Why are billions of trees being cut down every year ?To make paper for humans.4. What result will be lead to after the trees are cut down ?A lost of animal homes are being destroyed./The habitat of wildlife is being destroyed.Step 3 Find the feature of posters1. What does each poster use to stir up emotions ?On the left, it makes us a little frightened and it looks a little ugly, but it can activate our curiosity--What is it? And What is wrong with it?On the right, it makes us feel a little sad and want to protect them.

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.” Due to the continuous deterioration of the living environment, a large number of wild animals are always facing the threat of endangered or extinction. Listening and speaking period enables students to understand the fact and reason why wild species are disappearing from the earth at an amazing speed, and realize that human beings ought to enhance the awareness of protecting wild species as soon as possible.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of " how to help wildlife in Ss’ neighborhood.". Now there are many volunteers who spontaneously protect wild animals, carry out various activities according to local conditions, and contribute their own strength to local animal protection with practical actions. Middle school students are also enthusiastic participants. They organize activities in their spare time, and take this opportunity to make friends, broaden their horizons, cultivate team spirit and communication skills. This section describes a bird watching activity organized by several middle school students of Bird watching Club. It aims to stimulate students' interest, improve their understanding of bird watching activities, and use the language structure of “being used for; in order to, so as to, to, so that, in order that ” to express the purpose for communication and discussion.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of using visuals to predict content.2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to save endangered wildlife and help wildlife in their neighborhood.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I am concerned about…” “what do you know about the endangered animals in…" and so on to talk about one of the endangered animals.

Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把车停下来(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(让我们的车充电(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(发现自己对...很惊讶)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神专注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把这幅画的复制品装箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用过去分词对下列句子进行改写。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.

Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.该句是一个复合句。该句主句为:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today为which引导的定语从句代指前面整句话的内容,we have today为定语从句修饰先行词name。译文:最后,在20世纪,爱尔兰南部脱离英国,这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.该句是一个复合句。该句主句为:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK为让步状语从句; who took over at different times throughout history为定语从句修饰先行词people。译文:几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方,你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.该句是一个复合句。该句主句为:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.为原因状语从句;dating all the way back to Roman times为现在分词短语作定语修饰history。

Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.

4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔细读书时, 发现了一些从前不知道的东西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及他为什么要这么做时, 班长说这是他的职责

【教学目标】知识目标:理解直线的点斜式方程、斜截式方程、横截距、纵截距的概念;掌握直线的点斜式方程、斜截式方程的确定.能力目标:通过求解直线的点斜式方程和斜截式方程,培养学生的数学思维能力与数形结合的数学思想.情感目标:通过学习直线的点斜式方程和斜截式方程,体会数形结合的直观感受.【教学重点】直线的点斜式方程、斜截式方程的确定.【教学难点】直线的点斜式方程、斜截式方程的确定.

知识和技能 1、指导学生绘制气压带和风带分布示意图,从中分析大气运动的规律性,并培养和提高学生绘制原理形成示意图的地理技能。2、运用海陆热力差异原理进行解释,加强学 生对半球冬夏季气压中心的形成和分布的理解解。3、使学生理解气压带和风带对气候的影响。过程与方法 1、通过三圈环流模拟演示,培养学生的空间思维能力。2、通过对海陆分布对大气环流影响的两图示的对比分析,让学生读图思考气压带、风带的分布规律和原因。3、利用成因分析法引导学生探究气压带和风带对气候的影响机制。情感、态度与价值观1、培养学生辩证唯物主义观。2、培养学生理论联系实际的能力。教学重点1、气压带和风带的分布。2、北半球气压中心冬夏分布及对气候的影响。3、气压带和风带对气候的影响。

知识和技能 1、了解水资源的概念和衡量水资源的具体指标。2、运用图表说明全球和我国水资源的时空分布不 均的特点。3、说明在不同生产力条件下,水资源的数量和质量对人类生存和发展的意义。4、树立水资源可持续利用的观念,了解解决水资源供需矛盾的策略。过程与方法 1、自组学习。2、案例分析法3、合作探究教学法。情感、态度与价值观1、辩证的看待人类对水资源的利用情况。2、树立资源利用的可持续发展观点。教学重点1、水资源对人类生存和发展的意义。2、合理利用水资源。教学难点说明在不同的生产力条件下,自然资源的数量、质量对人类生存与发展的意义。教具、资料多媒体课件课时安排1课时教学过程:一、水资源及其分布 1.概念:广义——水圈内的水量总体狭义——陆地上的淡水资源(即通常所指)

①从政府人员组成看,南京政府是一个以资产阶级革命派为主体的政府。②从政府颁发的法令和措施看,这些法令体现了资产阶级民主革命的要求,对于发展民族资本主义经济、资产阶级民主政治和文化教育以及改革社会风气,都起了积极作用。③从颁布的《中华民国临时约法》看,宪法体现了三权分立的政治体制,体现了资产阶级民主主义的要求,是中国历史上第一部资产阶级民主宪法,具有反封建专制制度的进步意义。(2)从南京临时政府的内外政策分析南京政府的根本弱点①未彻底地反封建。它没有采取比较彻底的反对封建主义的措施,特别是对封建统治的基础——地主阶级土地所有制没有触动,这样,南京临时政府也就不能真正地把广大人民群众动员起来,因而缺乏真正的群众基础。

【备课资料】百团大战八路军从8月20日起,在华北敌后出动105个团,约40万兵力,在2500公里长的战线上,发动了规模最大的“以彻底破坏正太路若干要隘,消灭部分敌人截断该线交通”为目的的举世闻名的“百团大战”。八路军提出“不留一根铁轨、不留一根枕木、不留一个车站、不留一个碉堡、不留一座桥梁”的口号,“让敌人用脚同我们赛跑”,“让敌人用牛驴搬炮弹、飞机大炮”。八路军展开攻坚战,端掉敌一系列据点。据有关资料记载,从8月20日到12月5日,在历时三个半月的“百四大战”中,我军共进行大小战斗1824次,毙伤日伪军25800余人,俘日伪军18600余人,缴获了大批武器、弹药和军用食品等;破坏铁路470多公里,公路1500多公里,桥梁、车站、隧道等260余处,使正太铁路停运月余;攻克日伪据点2993个,巩固和扩大了抗日军民占领区。

1.知识与能力:(1)通过引导学生分析鉴赏19世纪以来有代表性的音乐与美术作品,了解这些作品产生的时代背景及其艺术价值。(2)通过分析世界艺术产生的历史背景,可以帮助学生正确认识人类文化的多样性、时代性和民族性,培养学生结合历史背景分析历史问题的能力。(3)通过对19世纪以来的音乐与美术史实的分析、综合、比较、归纳、概括等认知活动,培养历史思维和解决问题的能力。2.过程与方法:(1)让学生在搜集资料、自主探究、合作交流过程中,发展学生在社会中学习、网络学习、终身学习的能力。(2)通过上网了解艺术大师及分析鉴赏其各类美术、音乐作品,感受其艺术价值。 (3)思维方法:学会知识迁移,在从感知历史到不断积累历史知识,进而不断加深对历史和现实的理解过程中,提高分析理解问题能力。学会善于从不同的角度发现问题,积极探索解决问题的方法,从而做到论从史出、史论结合。
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