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人教版高中历史必修2物质生活与习俗的变迁教案
★教学总结：（1）我国衣着服饰变化的三大阶段第一阶段（鸦片战争后到新中国的建立）：这一阶段的阶段特征为中式与西式、传统和现代服饰并存男装：长袍马褂、西装、中山装 女装：旗袍（新式与旧式）第二阶段（新中国建立后到十一届三中全会）：这一时期由于政治上的影响，阶段特征为衣着朴素，与革命相关的服饰成为主流男装：列宁装、中山装、绿军装女装：列宁装、布拉基、绿军装第三阶段（十一届三中全会后）：阶段特征为与世界接轨，异彩纷呈；具体表现在，服饰由最基本的防寒保暖向美观大方转变，各种款式的服装层出不穷现在的服装是色彩鲜艳、款式多样，什么牛仔服、休闲服、西装、T恤衫、晚礼服，真是不胜枚举。每年服装的流行色、流行款式不断改变，大街上的姑娘和小伙子永远领导着时装新潮流。模特表演、模特广告和模特大赛已成为人们穿着方面不可缺少的内容。
人教版高中历史必修2从“战时共产主义”到“斯大林模式”教案
5、弊端：（1）经济发展不均衡，片面发展重工业，使轻工业和农业长期处于落后状态；（2）对农民的剥夺太重，挫伤了农民的生产积极性；（3）长期执行指令性计划严重削弱了企业的生产自主权，不利于发挥企业的生产积极性，制约了苏联经济的可持续发展。（4）计划经济体制确立后，没有随着社会的变化进行调整，二战后逐渐僵化，丧失了自我完善的功能，成为苏联解体的重要因素。【合作探究】斯大林模式的评价及经验教训：积极：①使苏联迅速实现了 工业化②苏联经济实力的迅速增长，为反法西斯战争的胜利奠定了 物质基础 。消极：①政治：高度集权，破坏了 民主与法制 ； ②经济：优先发展重工业使 农业和轻工业长期处于落后状态，农民生产积极性不高；计划指令，压制了地方和企业的积极性，阻碍苏联经济的发展高度集中的计划经济体制，成为东欧剧变和苏联解体的重要原因。
人教版高中历史必修2空前严重的资本主义世界经济危机教案
在美国历史上，很少有像胡佛那样受到老百姓讽刺、憎恶的总统。用破铁罐、纸板和粗麻布搭起来的棚户叫做“胡佛村”，手里提着的装破烂的口袋叫做“胡佛袋”，乡下的贫民把破汽车前部锯掉，套上骨瘦如柴的骡子，叫做“胡佛车” ，在公园长凳上躺着过夜的人用旧报纸裹身取暖，叫做“胡佛毯”，衣袋翻过来，一个钱也找不到，叫做“胡佛旗”，野兔被饥饿的农民抓来吃，叫做“胡佛猪”。杂耍演员插科打诨说：“什么?生意好起来了吗，你的意思是说胡佛死了吧。”★教学反思：本课内容比较条理清楚，旨在说明罗斯福新政实施的背景。备课时考虑将课文顺序进行一下调整，使学生能从较直观的危机的现象进入本课，较易激发学生的兴趣，再来分析原因学生也就比较容易接受。在分析原因时通过材料和课文的阅读，使学生自己通过思考逐步得出结论。而关于胡佛政府的措施的讲述，及问题的提出则可让学生先进行预习，为下一课进入罗斯福新政的学习做好准备。多媒体课件的应用也能使教学活动顺利流畅的进行。
人教版高中历史必修2世界经济的区域集团化教案2篇
1、知识与能力：（1）了解欧洲联盟的形成过程，剖析欧洲国家的一体化由经济实体向政治实体转变的原因和实质；（2）了解北美自由贸易区的形成过程，由北美自由贸易区的形成原因分析世界经济全球化与经济区域集团化之间的关系和影响。（3）了解亚太经济合作组织的形成过程，明确其特点及出现此特点的原因。掌握中国在加入该组织后所发挥的作用，并由此引申出中国在经济区域集团化过程中所发挥的作用。2、过程与方法：（1）通过学生对三大经济区域集团形成过程和特点的比较，锻炼学生把具体的历史现象与整体的社会背景联系的能力，培养学生建立起全面的历史观。（2）通过对经济区域集团化趋势的出现和它与经济全球化之间关系的分析，培养学生辨证的看问题，透过现象分析本质的能力。
人教版高中历史必修2战后资本主义的新变化教案2篇
1、知识与能力：（1）识记：20 世纪 50 ～70 年代国家干预经济的政策、 70年代的经济“滞胀”“混合经济”；福利国家；第三产业的蓬勃发展；“新经济”的出现；（2）理解当代资本主义的新变化的实质是资本主义的自我扬弃，是在资本主义内部的自我改善，是资本主义生产关系的自我调整；（3）掌握以美国为代表的主要资本主义国家在战后的经济发展历程，分析各国经济发展的共同原因。2、过程与方法：（1）引导学生利用教材和相关史料，培养归纳、再现历史事件的能力，提高学生的历史思维能力；通过讨论提高学生的思辨能力，培养学生全面客观地分析问题的思维方式。（2）学生通过观察1977年发达国家国有经济比重表，懂得提取有效信息、分析数据的能力；（3）学生通过思考讨论西方福利制度的利弊，培养全面、客观分析和比较历史现象，辩证地观察和分析历史问题的能力。
人教版高中历史必修2战后资本主义世界经济体系的形成教案
②其他货币与美元挂钩：即各会员国货币对美元的汇率按各自货币的含金量与美元确定固定比价。各国货币与美元的汇率可按各国货币含金量与美元含金量之比来确定，这称为法定汇率。例如，1946年一英镑的含金量为3．58134克，一美元的含金量为0．888671克，则英镑和美元的含金量之比1英镑＝4．03美元就是法定汇率。这一规定，使美元等同于黄金，美元从此有了“美金”的说法；与美元比起来，其他国家的货币处于从属地位，确立了美元在国际货币体系中的中心地位、主导地位正如当时美国财政部长福勒所说：“各个行星围绕着太阳转，各国货币围绕着美元转。”小结： “布雷顿森林体系”是一个以美元为中心的世界货币体系，美国通过布雷顿森林体系，掌握了资本主义世界的经济命脉。（2）影响：①为世界货币关系提供了统一的标准和基础，有利于维持战后世界货币体系的正常运转，为世界经济的恢复和发展创造了条件。
人教版高中历史必修2殖民扩张与世界市场的拓展教案
●活动与探究从葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰的兴衰历程，从英国的强盛历程，我们从中可获得什么启示？启示：积极发展本国的工商业；实现制度创新；抓住机遇，及时更新观念；建立能保障自身经济顺利发展的国防力量，尤其是海军力量；积极发展海外贸易，实行对外开放……★本课小结16世纪后期荷兰积极向海外殖民扩张，在17世纪建立了世界范围内的殖民帝国；17世纪开始，英国也积极向海外殖民扩张，并与荷兰、法国进行了激烈的争夺，到18世纪中期，英国成为世界上最大的殖民国家，最终确立了世界殖民霸权；新航路开辟后，伴随着殖民扩张，人类的商业活动开始在全球范围内开展，人类的经济活动由于世界市场的出现而第一次被广泛地联系在一起，而西欧国家对殖民地财富、资源、劳动力的暴力掠夺，是欧洲发展和兴旺的重要条件，也是亚、非、拉美灾难的根源。
人教版高中历史必修3“罢黜百家独尊儒术”教案2篇
战国阴阳五行家邹衍认为，历史中的朝代更替是由于五德运行产生的影响。按照邹衍的学说，每个朝代必须与五德之一相连，因此，这个朝代就应当遵循这五德之一的要求来运转。董仲舒修改了这个理论，认为朝代的更替不是依循五德运行的顺序，而是依循“三统”，即黑统、白统、赤统的顺序。他在《三代改制质文》中说：每个朝代都依循一统，每统又各有其为政的系统。按董仲舒的说法，夏朝代表黑统，商朝代表白统；周朝则是赤统。夏、商、周三朝完成了这一历史循环。之后，历史又开始一次新的循环，新的朝代又应当代表黑统。继承周朝统治的既不是秦朝，也不是汉朝，而是孔子，他承受天命，创立了黑统。孔子所受天命，不是一种“法统”，而是一种“道统”。董仲舒说：“《春秋》大一统者，天地之常经，古今之通谊也。今师异道，人异论，百家殊方，指意不同，是以上亡以持一统；法制数变，下不知所守。臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科孔子之术者，皆绝其道，勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息，然后统纪可一而法度可明，民知所从矣。”
人教版高中历史必修3从“师夷长技”到维新变法教案
4、维新思想推动下的变法运动虽然失败了。但这是中国近代真正意义上的一次思想解放潮流，为什么？展开：维新派提倡西学，兴民权，对封建专制制度和传统观念进行了冲击，促进了中国人民的觉醒，为资产阶级民主思想的传播奠定了基础，具有思想解放的启蒙作用。是一次救亡图存的爱国运动，也是一次发展资本主义的改革运动；他们提倡资产阶级新学，批判封建主义旧学，引导人们重新认识世界，他们痛感民族危机的严重，号召人们奋起救国，谋求国家的独立富强；给古老的中国社会注入的活力是不可低估的，站在历史长河的高度看，由传统农耕社会向近代工业社会转变是一股不可抗拒的历史潮流，尽管它在19世纪末的中国遭到了暂时挫折，但对清朝的封建专制统治却是一次巨大的强烈的冲击波，它留下的痕迹是永不磨灭的，是永远鼓舞与启迪后人的。
人教版高中历史必修3明清之际活跃的儒家思想教案
②顾炎武也激烈反对君主专制， 主张限制君权，提出亡国与亡天下的区别，认为，保卫一家一姓的国家，是君主及其大臣的事，而保卫天下是所有人的事，这段话后来被后人提炼为“天下兴亡，匹 夫有责”，鼓励人民关心国家大事。③王夫之认为天下的土地不能被君主一人所有，而应当是从事农业的老百姓都有份。2.经济上，重视手工业、商业的发展，强调经世致用。①黄宗羲驳斥轻视工商业的传统思想，指出工商业和农业一样，都是“民生之本”，应该受到保护。②顾炎武、王夫之主张文人多研究一些有关国计民生的现实问题，反对空谈。3.思想上，批判继承传统儒学，构筑具有时代特色的新思想体系。①黄宗羲批判旧儒学的“君为臣纲”的思想，继承先秦儒家的民本思想，提出 “天下为主，君为客”的新思想命题。
新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 1 Teenage Life-Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking教案
Step 2 Listening and Talking1. The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls, do you know some structures to talk about future activities? Talking about future activitiesWe’ll …I plan to …There’ll be …I hope to …We’re going to …2. After their small talk, the teacher can move on by playing the listening and solve the following task.Underline the expressions in the sentences below Cao Jing and Max use to talk about the future.We’ll learn useful skills.I plan to improve my spoken English.There’ll be students from different schools.I hope to make new friends.We’ll talk about teenage life.I’ll learn to make a fire.There’ll be students from different countries at the camp.There’ll be some experts there to show us how to live in the wild.We’re going to learn about wildlife.I’m going to give a speech.I think I’m going to enjoy the activities.I think we’ll have a lot of fun.3. Work in groups. Plan a youth camp.Teacher make the Ss think of ideas for the camp. And they can use the questions below to get started. And have the Ss present their ideas for a youth camp to the class.●What kind of camp is it?●Who will be there?●What will they do?●What will they learn?
新人教版高中英语必修1Unit 2 Travelling Around-Listening and Speaking & Listening and Talking教案
【教学目标与核心素养】1. Instruct students to get main facts by listening and motivate them to talk about the topics about how to prepare for the trip and make reservations by listening and ultimately can make travel arrangements and reservations. 2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 3. Develop students’ different listening skills to solve different listening comprehensive problems.4. Help students to understand how to use the structures “the present continuous tense (be doing) is used to express future plans.【教学重难点】1. Teach students how to focus on key words, not on single words or grammar.2. Prompt Ss to talk about the related topics, such as how to prepare for the trip and make a travel plan.【教学过程】Step 1: Listening and SpeakingLead inThe teacher is advised to talk with their students about the places that they want to travel most both at home and abroad: boys and girls, if you have a chance to travel around the world, where will you go? After their small talk, the teacher can move on by finishing the following listening task:Before travelling, what do we need to prepare for the trip?
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教学设计
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for writing教学设计二
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角）left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Reading and Thinking教学设计
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking教学设计
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教学设计二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
