
对于教材最后一段内容,设计如下一个课堂研讨题。让学生课前查找有关资料,在主动获取知识的过程中,对比17、18世纪中国和欧洲的历史,了解为什么会出现不同的发展趋势?【课堂研讨】17、18世纪中国和欧洲的封建国家都进行了加强君主专制的改革措施。如东方有康熙大帝,西方有路易“太阳王”,他们都使中、法两国进入到封建的鼎盛时代。但改革却在中国和欧洲产生了不同影响。这是为什么?通过网络或有关论著,查找有关资料让学生发表自己的观点和看法。启示:17、18世纪的中国在政治上空前强化君主专制,在经济上重农抑商,在外交上闭关锁国,影响了中国资本主义萌芽的正常发展;文化上文字狱,禁锢了文化。17、18世纪的欧洲在政治上加强君主专制来反对罗马教廷的控制,却实行君主开明专制;在经济上实行重商主义;在外交上鼓励对外扩张,促进了资本主义在欧洲的发展;文化上,启蒙思想蓬勃发展。

一、 教学目标 (一)知识与能力通过了解多极化趋势和对世界的影响、欧盟的形成和扩展、日本成为经济大国的过程和原因、中国和第三世界的崛起等基本史实,培养学生综合探究和归纳知识的能力(二)过程与方法以合作学习的“创设情境—目标显示—自学尝试—合作学习—成果汇报—总结评价”模式为主线,以学生自主探究活动为主体,以教师点拨为主导,以培养学生学习的兴趣和能力为中心,来优化课堂教学。教师创设重大国际事件的情境,让学生亲自探索各个主要国家对朝鲜战争和伊拉克战争立场和态度的决策,培养学生解读历史信息能力,并能够根据自身的实际情况和外部环境,正确应对重大事件。 (三)情感态度与价值观提高学生对二战后美苏两极以外的各种政治经济力量增长的认识,初步理解世界多极化趋势的形成及影响,树立世界走向多极化是不可阻挡的历史潮流的价值判断标准。

【大宗与小宗的关系:君臣关系、兄弟关系】4、影响:宗法制保证了贵族在政治上的垄断和特权地位,也有利于统治集团内部的稳定和团结。【合作探究】分封制与宗法制的关系两者互为表里、相辅相成:从根本上说,分封制就是宗法制作用于国家地方政治制度的重要举措和体现。宗法制是分封制的内核和纽带,维护贵族统治集团内部的稳定与团结。宗法制与分封制结合紧密,宗法制是西周政治制度的基础,分封制基于宗法制而产生,与宗法制互为表里。小结:我国早期政治制度(夏商周)发展脉络:起源于夏——初步建立于夏商——完善于西周——瓦解于西周末年到春秋——崩溃于战国★问题解答⊙【学思之窗】从这段记载,你能看出商朝的相权有多大吗?答案提示:相是商朝中央最高官吏,相权很大,包括参定政制、主持政务、辅佐商王等,甚至有时可废立商王。

第三、结算业务结算业务时商业银行为社会经济活动中的货币收支提供手段与工具的服务。银行从中收取一定的服务费用。除上述三大业务外,商业银行还可以提供债券买卖与兑付、代理买卖外汇、代理保险、提供保管箱等其他服务。教师活动:商业银行在我国经济建设中具有巨大作用。请同学们看教材52页专家点评。学生活动:阅读课本,认真总结,得出结论(三)课堂总结、点评 这节课我们重点学习了储蓄存款和商业银行的有关知识,知道了储蓄存款活动程序、主要机构、特点和利息的计算等常识,了解了各种商业银行主要业务及其作用。这对于我们在日常生活中正确地办理金融储蓄业务将有重大指导作用。★课余作业 组织学生到附近银行、企业、居民中,咨询银行信贷活动的程序及原则要求,并亲自到商业银行办理一次存款和取款活动。

教师活动:引导学生阅读教材67页,回答:什么是效率优先,兼顾公平?如何贯彻此原则?学生活动:阅读课本,认真总结,发表见解教师点评:效率优先,实质是发展生产力优先,分配制度和分配政策要以促进生产力的发展和经济效益的提高为首要目标;兼顾公平,是指社会要将收入差距控制在合理的范围内,使分配的结果能促使人们奋进,社会具有生机喝活力。坚持效率优先、兼顾公平,首先,要允许和鼓励一部分地区和个人通过诚实劳动和合法经营先富起来,先富带后富,最终达到共同富裕。其次,既要反对平均主义,又要防止收入差距悬殊;既要落实分配政策,又要提倡奉献精神。再次,必须正确处理初次分配注重效率与再分配注重公平的关系。初次分配注重效率有利于充分调动人们的积极性。在再分配中,要加强政府对收入分配的调节,调节过高收入,取缔非法收入,提高低收入者的收入水平,通过完善社会保障制度等,把收入差距控制在一定范围之内。

3、城镇人口的比重大幅度提高,工农差别、城乡差别、地区差别扩大的趋势逐步扭转请同学们阅读下面材料,结合刚才列举的实例,思考它说明什么问题?2000年我国农村小康总体实现程度在93%左右,城乡收入差距在3:1以上。1999年西部地区小康实现程度为84.18%,中部和东部地区为93.18%、97.86%,人均GDP最高的上海市突破4000美元,最低的贵州省只有300多美元。4、社会保障体系比较健全,社会就业比较充分,家庭财产普遍提高,人民过上更加富足的生活教师活动:请同学们阅读教材102页虚框内材料,思考所提问题学生活动:积极思考,讨论发言。教师总结:说明我国的社会保障体系逐步完善,但是城镇居民保障水平较高,农村社会保障水平还比较低。这与我国的国情是不相适应的,因此,本世纪初20年,要不断健全、完善社会保障体系,集中力量发展经济,降低失业率,提高城乡居民文化教育娱乐等消费比例,让人民的吃穿住行达到更高水平的小康。三、小康社会的建设特点和要求

(3)外资经济 教师活动:外资经济是指外国投资者和港澳台投资者根据我国法律法规,在我国大陆设立的独资企业以及中外合资企业、中外合作企业中的外商投资部分。他有利于引进外资和先进技术,学习境外先进管理经验,有利于扩大就业、扩大出口,增加财政收入。 提醒学生注意中外合资企业、中外合作企业中的外商投资部分,不是指中外合资企业、中外合作企业全部资产。并简略介绍中外合资企业与中外合作企业的区别。(4)非公有制经济的地位 是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。教师点拨:请同学们注意比较,非公有制经济的地位与前面集体经济的地位有什么不同?学生活动:积极思考,回答问题教师点拨:集体经济的地位,是社会主义公有制经济的重要组成部分。社会主义公有制经济与社会主义市场经济这两个说法是不同的。(简单了解即可)4、为什么坚持以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展

【教学目标与核心素养】1. Instruct students to get main facts by listening and motivate them to talk about the topics about how to prepare for the trip and make reservations by listening and ultimately can make travel arrangements and reservations. 2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 3. Develop students’ different listening skills to solve different listening comprehensive problems.4. Help students to understand how to use the structures “the present continuous tense (be doing) is used to express future plans.【教学重难点】1. Teach students how to focus on key words, not on single words or grammar.2. Prompt Ss to talk about the related topics, such as how to prepare for the trip and make a travel plan.【教学过程】Step 1: Listening and SpeakingLead inThe teacher is advised to talk with their students about the places that they want to travel most both at home and abroad: boys and girls, if you have a chance to travel around the world, where will you go? After their small talk, the teacher can move on by finishing the following listening task:Before travelling, what do we need to prepare for the trip?

Finally, after finishing the task above, the teacher is expected to instruct students to work in groups to finish the following project:Speaking ProjectWhat event or activity would you like to invite your friend to? Make a conversation with a partner.Ski Race: Zhangjiakou, a beautiful city in northern China, will host the Youth Ski Race in December.Track Meet: a great event for track –and –field lovers on 26 October.Gym Class: come and work out at a gym! You can make it.Part 2: Listening and Talking:The teacher is advised to talk with their new students about the related topic: Boys and girls , what do you think of sportsmanship? Let’s listen and find out:Play the listening and match each opinion with the right speaker. Who do you agree with? Why?Cao Jing _____________ Lily _____________ Max _____________A. An athlete should do his/her best to win.B. The girl should stop and help the other girl. Good sportsmanship is more important than wining!C. An athlete should think about honor and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country.Listen again and circle the expressions that you hear in the conversation.

【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: tag questions.This period carries a considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ spoken English. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教学目标与核心素养】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教学重难点】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of tag questions.2. How to enable students to use the basic usages of tag questions flexibly.【教学过程】Step1: 语法自主探究一、基本组成方法1.肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分(前肯后否) You often play badminton, don’t you? 你经常打羽毛球,是吗?You are going to the gym with me, aren’t you?你要和我一起去健身房,是吗?She’s been to shanghai before, hasn’t she? 她以前去过上海,是吗?2.否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分(前否后肯) It isn't a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花,是吗?You didn't go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰,是吗?They can’t finish it by Friday, can they?他们不能在星期五之前完成,是吗?

4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing

The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.

一、教材分析人教实验版高中思想政治必修4第二单元第六课的第二框题。本框题所在单元的核心问题是如何看待我们周围的世界,该问题也是《生活与哲学》整本书的核心问题之一。而对这一问题的解决,单元中最终是由“在实践中追求和发展真理”来实现的。 本框题是所在单元的归宿,是对物质与意识、实践与认识关系的整体呈现与深华,是如何正确看到我们周围世界问题在世界观上的升华,是单元的最基本的知识目标之一。 二、教学目标(一)知识目标:识记真理的含义;理解真理最基本属性是客观性、真理是有条件的、具体的,认识具有反复性、无限性,在实践中认识、发现、检验、发展真理;分析“追求 真理是一个过程”。(二)能力目标:提高比较分析的能力和明辨是非的能力,培养学生具体问题具体分析的能力及用发展观点看问题的能力。(三)情感、态度与价值观目标:学会在现实生活中正确区分真理和谬误,正确对待人生道路上面临的挫折和困难,树立在实践中不断认识、丰富、发展真理的思想。

⑤强调对外关系的灵活性。戈尔巴乔夫指出在对外政策中要采取多种办法选择不同的策略路线达到既定目标。在外交谈判中不要为自己制造死胡同,也不要给对方制造死胡同,要善于迎合伙伴,寻求接触点。在这种思想指导下,苏共采取的对外战略是以军控为中心的缓和战略,具体政策是继续与美国就裁军、消减核武器、限制地区冲突等问题进行谈判,缓解苏美关系;对西欧争取建立“全欧大厦”;对东欧实行纠偏、不干涉政策;对中国改善关系,实现关系正常化;调整与第三世界国家关系,解决阿富汗、柬埔寨等问题。 3、影响:①经济改革措施仓促上马,缺少宏观决策和相应的配套措施;加上戈尔巴乔夫没有放弃苏联的传统做法,继续优先发展重工业,致使改革未达到预期的效果,苏联经济持续下滑②经济体制改革受挫后,把改革的重点转向政治领域,最终导致国内局势的失控和苏联的解体。

The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut

The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?

⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?

? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?

2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?

导语在必修第一册中,我们研究了函数的单调性,并利用函数单调性等知识,定性的研究了一次函数、指数函数、对数函数增长速度的差异,知道“对数增长” 是越来越慢的,“指数爆炸” 比“直线上升” 快得多,进一步的能否精确定量的刻画变化速度的快慢呢,下面我们就来研究这个问题。新知探究问题1 高台跳水运动员的速度高台跳水运动中,运动员在运动过程中的重心相对于水面的高度h(单位:m)与起跳后的时间t(单位:s)存在函数关系h(t)=-4.9t2+4.8t+11.如何描述用运动员从起跳到入水的过程中运动的快慢程度呢?直觉告诉我们,运动员从起跳到入水的过程中,在上升阶段运动的越来越慢,在下降阶段运动的越来越快,我们可以把整个运动时间段分成许多小段,用运动员在每段时间内的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的运动状态。
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