【品读课文,把握情感】1.小石潭到底有哪些乐趣呢?(找出“乐”的句子)(1)闻水声,如鸣珮环,心乐之。(2)似与游者相乐。2.深入探究,走近柳宗元。 “一切景语皆情语”,面对如此优美的景色,作者的心情却是“悄怆幽邃”。(播放一首古筝乐曲)这首古筝曲能为课文朗诵配乐吗?你能结合写作背景,说说你的理解吗?作者是被贬官到永州,不幸的遭遇令他感伤,本来想寄情于山水,遣散心中的郁闷,小石潭的美景使他惊叹不已,流连其中,得到了不少乐趣,暂时忘记了心中的痛苦,可是小石潭风景虽美却过于幽静冷清,游玩的时间一长,寒气透骨,难免触景生情,不由得忆起了自己的坎坷命运,忧郁、悲凉的心情自然地流露出来。3.柳宗元怀才不遇的悲凉郁闷,透过文字显现出来了。那么还有哪些中国文人用文字来书写心中壮志难酬的情感?
1、明喻: 明喻就是本体、喻体和比喻词都出现的比喻。例句:例如:长城像一条长龙。这个句子中,“长城”是本体,“像”是比喻词,“一条长龙”是喻体。2、暗喻: 暗喻又叫隐喻,只出现本体和喻体,不用比喻词语或用“是、变成、成为、等于”等喻词。例句:例如:山间的云雾构成了一幅精妙的山水画。这个句子中“山间的云雾”是本体,“构成”是比喻词,“一幅精妙的山水画”是喻体。3、借喻: 借喻是只出现用来代替本体的喻体,而本体和喻词都不出现。例句:落光了叶子的柳树上挂满了毛茸茸、亮晶晶的银条儿。这个句子中,本体、比喻词均没有出现,喻体是“银条儿”。
教材简析 《灰雀》这篇课文记叙了列宁在莫斯科郊外养病期间爱护灰雀的故事,反映了列宁爱鸟,更爱诚实的孩子。 全文共13个自然段。第1自然段讲列宁在郊外养病期间,每天都到公园散步,他非常喜欢公园里那:只灰雀。第2—10自然段讲有一天,列宁发现那只胸脯深红的灰雀不见,以为它冻死了,感到很惋惜。小男孩不敢告诉列宁灰雀没有死,只是坚定地说,灰雀会飞回来的。第11~13自然段讲第二天,列宁果然又看见了那只灰雀,但他没有再问那个男孩,因为他已经知道男孩是诚实的。 课文以人物对话为主线,既写出了列宁对孩子的教育过程,又写了小男孩心理认识过程。人物的内心活动外化为语言,二者相互交错,推动情节发展,并有机地融合在一起。
大家都知道,在中国文学史上有不少的文人用他们的笔墨描写过优美的山水,比如说我们以前学过: 唐 杜牧《江南春》: 千里莺啼绿映红,水村山郭酒旗风。南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中。 杜甫《望岳》:岱宗夫如何? 齐鲁青未了。造化钟神秀,阴阳割昏晓。 荡胸生层云, 决眦入归鸟。 会当凌绝顶, 一览众山小。 郦道元在《三峡》中也有“春冬之时,则素湍绿潭,回清倒影。”这样引人入胜的景色。可以说优美的山水诗文不可枚举,那么今天让我们跟随柳宗元一起走进小石潭,看看又是怎样的一幅山水画呢?他又是怎样的心情写下这篇游记的呢?
(4)写第三间小屋时作者为什么说“在我们的小屋里,住着所有我们认识的人,唯独没有我们自己”?明确:这是一个信息高度发达的社会,我们能从不同渠道接受各种纷繁复杂的信息,渐渐,有的人就被这个信息社会所同化了,常常随波逐流,用他人的观点来肯定事物的价值,常常以为众人所追求的就是他们自己想要的。于是别人的思想、外在的信息代替了他们自己的思想,使自己成为缺乏思想和思考的人,所以说“唯独没有我们自己”。(5)你认为在第三间精神小屋中应该怎样“安放我们自身”呢?明确:安放自身需要思考,拥有独立的思想。(6)请你结合日常生活,说说你是否尝试过如此构建“精神的三间小屋”。【教学提示】引导学生在对“精神的三间小屋”的理解基础上来审视生活,从而达到反思生活,审视自我精神世界,建构自我精神世界的目的。
贾平凹,1952年2月21日生于陕西省商洛市丹凤县棣花镇,当代作家。 1974年开始发表作品。1975年毕业于西北大学中文系。1978年凭借《满月儿》,获得首届全国优秀短篇小说奖。1982年发表作品《鬼城》《二月杏》。1992年创刊《美文》。1993年创作《废都》。20**年,先后担任西安建筑科技大学人文学院院长、文学院院长。20**年凭借《秦腔》,获得第七届茅盾文学奖。20**年凭借《古炉》 ,获得施耐庵文学奖。20**年3月22日,澳门大学向贾平凹颁授了荣誉博士学位。
2尝试自己洗红薯,刨红薯,剥桔子,并尝试用红薯和桔子。 3体验劳动带来的快乐和乐趣。 活动准备:红薯桔子大电饭锅 白糖若干 活动过程:1出示从“走进田野”活动中幼儿亲手挖的红薯和摘的桔子,引起幼儿 对活动的兴趣。
二、重点和难点 感受乐曲的欢快,能随着乐曲的节奏愉悦地、大胆地表现情绪。 幼儿在表现乐曲中尝试和同伴共同感受欢快、愉悦的气氛,体会和同伴相玩的乐趣。 三、材料准备“泼水歌”录音磁带 四、设计思路 这首乐曲表现的是一种欢快的情绪,给中班的幼儿听赏,它的节奏感很强,并且具有很高的感染力,同时结合幼儿经过二个月暑假生活再次回到集体中彼此之间存在着一种陌生的情绪特点,通过感受乐曲,表现乐曲,再次体会和同伴相玩的乐趣。
2、发展幼儿扩散思维,让幼儿初步接触更多会飞、会跳、会爬、会游的动物名称。活动准备:大盒子一个、小盒子数个(中间挖有一个洞);大、小字卡(大的一份、小的数份):小鸟、小兔、小虫、小鱼、飞、跳、爬、游;磁铁黑板;各种各样动物图片或动物字卡(与幼儿人数相同)活动过程:1、复习导入 教师拿出一个盒子(事先已将字卡“小鸟”、“小兔”、“小虫”、“小鱼”放入,让个别幼儿进行摸摸看的游戏,摸出来后,该幼儿要说出这是什么词?若说对,全体幼儿齐声说:“对、对、对,这是XX。”帮助幼儿进行小鸟、小兔、小虫、小鱼等几个动物词的认读复习。
2、培养幼儿主动探索、尝试的精神,发挥幼儿的创造性思维。 3、培养幼儿耐心、细致的品质。 活动准备: 1、画有坐标点和花园的作业纸每人两份;铅笔、橡皮每人一份 2、正方形图形若干;小动物若干 活动过程: 一、 引出课题 小朋友,你们看,这是谁?(出示小猪)小猪在这块土地上建造了一个大花园,(出示花园)老师要来做回设计师,帮小猪把这个花园打扮的漂亮一些。 二、 学习活动 小朋友,花园铺好了,漂亮吗?那么这个花园有多大呢?不知道了吧!那么老师再问你,这个花园有多少个正方形合起来那么大呢? 1、小朋友点数正方形(默数) 2、师幼齐数(老师一个个拿下来数) 3、小结:用什么方法不容易出错 小结:这个花园有18个正方形合起来那么大。
一·导入(主持人)同学们,我们青少年是祖国的花朵,是祖国的未来,我们的安全陪受家人和老师关注。为了我们安全,今天我们就开一个校园安全主题班会。二·关于校园安全1·当我们迈着轻快的步伐来到学校时,我们知道新的一天开始了,可是我们对安全知识又了解多少呢?下面我们来说说我们学校的安全知识:学校是我家,安全文明靠大家。出入校门要下车。进出教室不拥挤。上下楼梯靠右行。在校园追跑打闹。不爬学校的围墙,门窗、围栏、树木、球架。不携带易燃、易爆、有毒物品及凶器进校。若照明灯和电风扇等电器发生故障,不得私自动手排除,应报告教师或总务处,由学校电工进行故障排除。大扫除时注意安全,对高处的玻璃窗,不要勉强擦拭。做文明学生,不要有任何故意伤害他人、窃取他人财物的行为,不在任何场所参与打架斗殴。察觉到有不安全因素应及时报告师长。遇事冷静,以保全自身安全为重,不冲动蛮干。
2、通过辨析活动,了解安全使用电器的基础知识。 3、增强自我保护意识。 活动准备: 1、幼儿用书人手一册。 2、电线一段、插座一个、“电”的标志一个。 活动过程: 1、在教师提问的基础上,初步了解电器的用途: (1)在我们日常生活中,有许多电器产品,你知道哪些电器呢?它们有什么作用? (2)这些电器给我们生活带来了许多的方便,但是这些电器要工作,都离不开什么呢? (3)你知道电从哪里来?(发电站) (4)教师小结:电给我们人类带来了许多方便,我们的生活再也离不开它了。它是我们的好朋友,但这位电朋友有时候也会发脾气伤人的。
2,学习用数字表示物体的数量。二,活动准备:橘子园背景图;幼儿操作材料。一,活动过程:(一)认识数字31,出示果园图:今天我们去参观橘子园。问:你看到了什么?有几棵橘子树?幼儿随意观察图片,(互相交流讨论。)
活动目标:1、 了解小兔西西在妈妈住院前后的改变,初步了解内容。2、 激发爱劳动的情感。活动准备:情景表演、头饰(小兔子、兔妈妈、小猴子)、故事磁带、教学挂图。活动过程:1、 情景导入(第一段故事内容):l 小兔西西出场。——“我是小兔西西,不爱劳动。兔妈妈有很多的事情要做,烧饭、洗衣,还要照顾西西。吃饭时,兔妈妈一口一口喂西西吃饭,衣服也要兔妈妈帮我穿,兔妈妈累极了,生病了。”l 看完表演后讨论:——“你们喜欢这样的小兔西西吗?为什么?”
教学目标: 1、观察图片,讲述故事中角色对话。 2、懂得同伴之间应该相互关心、相互帮助的道理。 3、初步培养幼儿讲故事和表演故事的能力。 准备: 背景图一幅,小兔、大象、老虎(插入教具),头饰若干。。 过程: 一、进入主题。(音乐响起),带小朋友到树林里去玩玩。出示背景图。 二、演示教具,启发提问,引导幼儿讲述。 1、问:谁在小树林里?干什么?讨论后总结:小白兔、小灰兔、小黑兔在树林里高高兴兴地玩着。(学习词“高高兴兴”)。 2、插入老虎。哎呀!谁来了?它来干什么?小兔子们怎么办?总结:突然,从树林里窜出一只大老虎,它张着大大的嘴,露着尖尖的牙,要来抓小兔子,小兔子吓得转身就逃。(学习词“窜”)。
2、引导幼儿理解故事内容,能和老师一起讲述故事。活动准备:乌龟、蜗牛、请问的木偶各一个,3组图画活动重点:愿意表达自己的感受,能和老师一起讲述故事。活动过程:一、开始部分:1. 律动引入,邀请幼儿观看木偶表演。2. 情景导入:(1)通过木偶剧的名字“怪脾气的小乌龟”引起幼儿观看的兴趣。老师有表情的提出问题:小乌龟为什么是怪脾气?(2)通过入场须知,让幼儿了解看木偶剧的时候应该怎样做。
活动准备: 小厨师形象图片一张,“青菜”“鸡腿”“肉串”“爆米花”图片各一张,“炒”“炸”“烤” “爆”字卡一份(教具)、各四份(学具),布袋16个,厨师帽16只。 活动过程: 一、探讨做菜方法,建构儿歌。 (一)激趣。 T:“小朋友们看,谁来啦?”(出示小厨师图片) “你从哪儿看出他是一位小厨师?” “我们一起学学小厨师,带领幼儿边说边表演‘带上厨师帽,挂上小围裙’” “小厨师准备要做菜了,我们一起跟小厨师学做菜吧。” (二)探讨四种菜的不同做法。 1、T:“看看第一道学做什么菜?”(出示青菜图片) T:“你觉得这盘青菜怎么样?” “这样绿油油的青菜是怎么做出来的?”(幼儿自由发表意见,教师有目的引导)。 “青菜是怎么做出来的请幼儿说一说,做一做。” “原来这样绿油油的青菜是炒出来的呀,我们一起来炒青菜吧。”(教师带领幼儿边做炒的动作边说‘炒青菜,炒青菜,炒炒炒’)根据幼儿实际情况,练习几遍。 T:“青菜是炒出来的呀?”(教师出示字卡‘炒’) 幼儿认读:“炒”,把字卡贴到青菜的旁边,“炒青菜”、“炒青菜炒青菜,炒炒炒” 2、T:“我们来看第二道菜是什么?(鸡腿)” T:“你们吃过这样的鸡腿吗?吃起来有什么感觉?”
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
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