一、情境导学在一条笔直的公路同侧有两个大型小区,现在计划在公路上某处建一个公交站点C,以方便居住在两个小区住户的出行.如何选址能使站点到两个小区的距离之和最小?二、探究新知问题1.在数轴上已知两点A、B,如何求A、B两点间的距离?提示:|AB|=|xA-xB|.问题2:在平面直角坐标系中能否利用数轴上两点间的距离求出任意两点间距离?探究.当x1≠x2,y1≠y2时,|P1P2|=?请简单说明理由.提示:可以,构造直角三角形利用勾股定理求解.答案:如图,在Rt △P1QP2中,|P1P2|2=|P1Q|2+|QP2|2,所以|P1P2|=?x2-x1?2+?y2-y1?2.即两点P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2)间的距离|P1P2|=?x2-x1?2+?y2-y1?2.你还能用其它方法证明这个公式吗?2.两点间距离公式的理解(1)此公式与两点的先后顺序无关,也就是说公式也可写成|P1P2|=?x2-x1?2+?y2-y1?2.(2)当直线P1P2平行于x轴时,|P1P2|=|x2-x1|.当直线P1P2平行于y轴时,|P1P2|=|y2-y1|.
1.直线2x+y+8=0和直线x+y-1=0的交点坐标是( )A.(-9,-10) B.(-9,10) C.(9,10) D.(9,-10)解析:解方程组{■(2x+y+8=0"," @x+y"-" 1=0"," )┤得{■(x="-" 9"," @y=10"," )┤即交点坐标是(-9,10).答案:B 2.直线2x+3y-k=0和直线x-ky+12=0的交点在x轴上,则k的值为( )A.-24 B.24 C.6 D.± 6解析:∵直线2x+3y-k=0和直线x-ky+12=0的交点在x轴上,可设交点坐标为(a,0),∴{■(2a"-" k=0"," @a+12=0"," )┤解得{■(a="-" 12"," @k="-" 24"," )┤故选A.答案:A 3.已知直线l1:ax+y-6=0与l2:x+(a-2)y+a-1=0相交于点P,若l1⊥l2,则点P的坐标为 . 解析:∵直线l1:ax+y-6=0与l2:x+(a-2)y+a-1=0相交于点P,且l1⊥l2,∴a×1+1×(a-2)=0,解得a=1,联立方程{■(x+y"-" 6=0"," @x"-" y=0"," )┤易得x=3,y=3,∴点P的坐标为(3,3).答案:(3,3) 4.求证:不论m为何值,直线(m-1)x+(2m-1)y=m-5都通过一定点. 证明:将原方程按m的降幂排列,整理得(x+2y-1)m-(x+y-5)=0,此式对于m的任意实数值都成立,根据恒等式的要求,m的一次项系数与常数项均等于零,故有{■(x+2y"-" 1=0"," @x+y"-" 5=0"," )┤解得{■(x=9"," @y="-" 4"." )┤
【答案】B [由直线方程知直线斜率为3,令x=0可得在y轴上的截距为y=-3.故选B.]3.已知直线l1过点P(2,1)且与直线l2:y=x+1垂直,则l1的点斜式方程为________.【答案】y-1=-(x-2) [直线l2的斜率k2=1,故l1的斜率为-1,所以l1的点斜式方程为y-1=-(x-2).]4.已知两条直线y=ax-2和y=(2-a)x+1互相平行,则a=________. 【答案】1 [由题意得a=2-a,解得a=1.]5.无论k取何值,直线y-2=k(x+1)所过的定点是 . 【答案】(-1,2)6.直线l经过点P(3,4),它的倾斜角是直线y=3x+3的倾斜角的2倍,求直线l的点斜式方程.【答案】直线y=3x+3的斜率k=3,则其倾斜角α=60°,所以直线l的倾斜角为120°.以直线l的斜率为k′=tan 120°=-3.所以直线l的点斜式方程为y-4=-3(x-3).
切线方程的求法1.求过圆上一点P(x0,y0)的圆的切线方程:先求切点与圆心连线的斜率k,则由垂直关系,切线斜率为-1/k,由点斜式方程可求得切线方程.若k=0或斜率不存在,则由图形可直接得切线方程为y=b或x=a.2.求过圆外一点P(x0,y0)的圆的切线时,常用几何方法求解设切线方程为y-y0=k(x-x0),即kx-y-kx0+y0=0,由圆心到直线的距离等于半径,可求得k,进而切线方程即可求出.但要注意,此时的切线有两条,若求出的k值只有一个时,则另一条切线的斜率一定不存在,可通过数形结合求出.例3 求直线l:3x+y-6=0被圆C:x2+y2-2y-4=0截得的弦长.思路分析:解法一求出直线与圆的交点坐标,解法二利用弦长公式,解法三利用几何法作出直角三角形,三种解法都可求得弦长.解法一由{■(3x+y"-" 6=0"," @x^2+y^2 "-" 2y"-" 4=0"," )┤得交点A(1,3),B(2,0),故弦AB的长为|AB|=√("(" 2"-" 1")" ^2+"(" 0"-" 3")" ^2 )=√10.解法二由{■(3x+y"-" 6=0"," @x^2+y^2 "-" 2y"-" 4=0"," )┤消去y,得x2-3x+2=0.设两交点A,B的坐标分别为A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),则由根与系数的关系,得x1+x2=3,x1·x2=2.∴|AB|=√("(" x_2 "-" x_1 ")" ^2+"(" y_2 "-" y_1 ")" ^2 )=√(10"[(" x_1+x_2 ")" ^2 "-" 4x_1 x_2 "]" ┴" " )=√(10×"(" 3^2 "-" 4×2")" )=√10,即弦AB的长为√10.解法三圆C:x2+y2-2y-4=0可化为x2+(y-1)2=5,其圆心坐标(0,1),半径r=√5,点(0,1)到直线l的距离为d=("|" 3×0+1"-" 6"|" )/√(3^2+1^2 )=√10/2,所以半弦长为("|" AB"|" )/2=√(r^2 "-" d^2 )=√("(" √5 ")" ^2 "-" (√10/2) ^2 )=√10/2,所以弦长|AB|=√10.
解析:①过原点时,直线方程为y=-34x.②直线不过原点时,可设其方程为xa+ya=1,∴4a+-3a=1,∴a=1.∴直线方程为x+y-1=0.所以这样的直线有2条,选B.答案:B4.若点P(3,m)在过点A(2,-1),B(-3,4)的直线上,则m= . 解析:由两点式方程得,过A,B两点的直线方程为(y"-(-" 1")" )/(4"-(-" 1")" )=(x"-" 2)/("-" 3"-" 2),即x+y-1=0.又点P(3,m)在直线AB上,所以3+m-1=0,得m=-2.答案:-2 5.直线ax+by=1(ab≠0)与两坐标轴围成的三角形的面积是 . 解析:直线在两坐标轴上的截距分别为1/a 与 1/b,所以直线与坐标轴围成的三角形面积为1/(2"|" ab"|" ).答案:1/(2"|" ab"|" )6.已知三角形的三个顶点A(0,4),B(-2,6),C(-8,0).(1)求三角形三边所在直线的方程;(2)求AC边上的垂直平分线的方程.解析(1)直线AB的方程为y-46-4=x-0-2-0,整理得x+y-4=0;直线BC的方程为y-06-0=x+8-2+8,整理得x-y+8=0;由截距式可知,直线AC的方程为x-8+y4=1,整理得x-2y+8=0.(2)线段AC的中点为D(-4,2),直线AC的斜率为12,则AC边上的垂直平分线的斜率为-2,所以AC边的垂直平分线的方程为y-2=-2(x+4),整理得2x+y+6=0.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.
一、说教材【教材分析】本节课源于人教版必修二第一章第二节人口的空间变化,该节主要分为两部分:人口的迁移和影响因素,对于这两部分教材的处理很简单,课标要求为:根据资料说出人口分布的特点;而考试对于特点这方面也较重视,在本章的内容中这节算次重点,是基于第一节人口的数量变化的基础上讲诉的,进而结合教材和课标制定如下教学目标。【教学目标】知识与技能:了解人口迁移的内涵,能够根据有关资料说出国际和我国人口迁移的特点;掌握影响人口迁移的因素,能够分析一地人口迁移的原因,解决实际问题。过程与方法:通过图表的展示总结归纳国际国内人口迁移的特点,培养学生读图分析,索取所需信息的能力;通过活动探究人口迁移的影响因素,理论联系实际。情感态度与价值观:培养热爱祖国热爱家乡的情感;学会尊重他人不要对移民产生歧视,人人平等的情感。【教学重点】人口迁移分布的特点
活动一:课本第三页的活动题,把学生分成几组然后让他们读图讨论,思考书上的几个问题,最后派个代表回答问题.最后教师做适当的补充:人口的自然增长不仅与人口自然增长率有关,而且还与人口基数有关.活动二:课本第七页的活动,先让两位学生阅读第六页的案例结合活动题思考问题,让几个组学生讨论所给的几个问题.让学生归纳最后教师做适当的补充.时间安排:由于本节内容不难因此整个教学过程是一节课的时间来完成的因此在教学过程中注意时间的把握,在做活动和讨论时注意把握时间,自己尽量少说废话.课堂小结通过这一节的学习,同学们正确理解和认识人口增长,增长模式和人口增长模式的转变。我们可以利用比较法、分析法来掌握,并联系现实生活,进行分析、判断,化理论知识于实践之中。
2.“里根经济学”和“撒切尔主义”20世纪70年代,世界资本主义经济发展进入“滞胀”状态后,各国政府纷纷寻找医治这一新疾病的药方,其中影响最大的是供应学派和货币学派。1979年,撒切尔夫人上台担任英国首相,率先采纳了货币学派的主张。1981年,里根担任美国总统后,以供应学派为依据,确立了自己政府的经济政策。由于两人的经济政策都在一定程度上缓解了本国的经济危机,并有一套理论体系支撑,因此经济学家们分别称之为“里根经济学”和“撒切尔主义”。实际上,“里根经济学”和“撒切尔主义”有许多相同之处,二者都提倡自由放任,强调市场调节作用,反对国家干预;二者都实行有利于富人的减税政策,因此都曾被攻击为“劫贫济富”;二者都大力增加军费开支,用加大政府消费来缓解危机。3.美国“新经济”战后西方国家在凯恩斯主义指导下,暂时摆脱了三十年代那种严重的大萧条局面,但由于长期实行扩张性财政货币政策和对社会需求进行管理的政策,各资本主义国家经济又出现新的危机,即“滞胀”(生产停滞和通货膨胀),凯恩斯主义由此走向没落。
投影上海市的卫星城镇建设、交通改善图以及住房图等,探讨上海为解决城市化的问题做了哪些方面的工作?进一步引导思考总结对于城市化带来的问题,除了上海市的做法,你还有什么想法?◆设计意图:借上海的例子一方面引导学生解决问题的思路,让学生自己掌握城市化问题及措施,活跃思维;另一方面帮助学生树立学习优秀的意识;4.活动设计.未来展望——生态城市课本38页的活动,结合合肥市环城公园,解释生态城市。◆设计意图:进一步让学生认识到人地协调的重要性,牢固树立可持续发展的观念。5.活动设计分析南京的城市化过程中存在哪些问题,除了共性外,还有没有自己的个性问题?对于问题展开讨论,并提出相应的解决措施。◆设计意图:结合身边的地理,落实乡土地理的教育,激发学生热爱家乡,从身边的环境小事做起,落实环境教育。
共享实验收集的信息,分享实验探究的结论,体验收获的乐趣。 小结拓展 这节课由大家感兴趣的球类运动和弹弓游戏,提出了功与速度变化关系的问题,利用倍增思想解决测量对物体做功的问题,使用我们熟悉的器材设计了探究方案,并进行实验探究,采用图像法进行数据处理,初步得出W∝V2的关系。在我们这节课探究以前,科学家就通过试验和理论的方法,已经总结出了功与速度变化的定量关系。人类社会也在社会生活和生产的各个领域予以利用。比如,古代的战争武器抛石器、大型弓弩,以及现代飞机弹射系统、还有机器人行走等等,希望同学在今后的学习中注意留心生活中的物理和社会中的物理。 领会总结。培养概括总结的能力,进一步巩固、感悟、提升实验探究中获得的思维能力及动手能力。感悟社会中的物理,认识物理学对科技进步以及文化和社会发展的影响。 列举学生知道的社会中做功使物体速度变化的例子,增强学生将物理知识应用于生活和生产的意识,培养学生的社会参与意识和对社会负责任的态度。
(一)本课教材地位分析本课教材的主题是世界格局多极化趋势的出现,在整个单元中有承前启后的作用,前一课是它的大背景,后一课是它的延续。本课的核心问题是两极格局下,20世纪六七十年代世界多极化趋势的出现。通过走向联合的欧洲、迅速崛起的日本、发展中国家的星期以及中国的崛起三方面内容,反映了世界格局多极化趋势的出现。在教学中,应注意利用学生对时事的关心与熟悉,引导学生进行相应的探究活动,使学生对世界格局的发展变化能够认识准确和完整把握。(二)三维目标A.知识与能力1.通过对欧洲一体化的进程、日本经济迅速崛起、不结盟运动和中国振兴的基本史实的学习,掌握20世纪六七十年代世界多极化趋势出现的史实,理解其世界大背景和“多极化”的概念。2.通过西欧、日本、中国的崛起,理解经济决定政治,政治反作用于经济。
【合作探索】经济全球化和经济区域集团化的关系?相互促进,相互制约。促进:经济全球化不平衡导致经济区域集团化,区域集团化是经济全球化的具体表现,经济区域集团化是最终实现经济全球化的重要步骤和途径,经济全球化则是区域经济集团化的最终归宿。制约:但经济区域集团化短期内对全球化不利。过渡:经济全球化让世界得以发展,但也有不公平的因素,那么,谁来维护公平了?二 、世界贸易组织的建立师:世界贸易组织建立的主要原因是什么?生:⑴经济全球化的发展迅速;⑵关贸总协定存在许多弊端,不适应经济全球化发展的要求师:它是怎样建立起来的?生:①1986年: 意大利 提出倡议②1993年:乌拉圭回合谈判——把多边贸易组织改名为世界贸易组织③1994年: 正式决定建立WTO④1995.1.1:WTO正式开始运作师:世贸组织特点是什么?宗旨是什么?生:规范化 法制化。促进各国市场开放,调解贸易纠纷,实现全球范围内的贸易自由化
一、 教材分析1、 教材地位和作用《当今世界的经济区域集团化》是人教版《历史②》(必修)第八单元第二课的内容。主要围绕战后世界经济中出现的经济区域集团化的趋势,重点介绍了对世界经济影响最大的三大区域集团:欧洲联盟、北美自由贸易区和亚太经济合作组织。从内容上既衔接了70年代布雷顿森林体系瓦解后80年代出现的经济区域集团化的趋势,又启示了这种趋势是经济全球化趋势的一部分,提出了下节课的主题。具有承上启下的作用。2、 教学目标根据高中新课程标准和知识与能力、过程与方法、情感态度价值观三者统一的要求,我将本节课的教学目标定为以下的三大方面:1) 知识与能力:能够让学生理解三大区域经济集团建立的史实,认识三大区域经济组织在世界经济全球化进程中的影响和作用,增强学生辨证地观察、分析历史问题的能力。
(一)教材的地位与作用本节教材包括三方面的内容,(1)全球气候在不断变化之中。(2)全球气候变化的可能影响。(3)气候变化的适应对策三方面说明气候变化及其对人类活动的影响。从标准的要求看,学习的重点不在全球气候变化本身,而是把全球气候变化看作是客观存在的事实,从而探讨全球气候变化对地理环境及人类活动的影响。从资料中可以看出本节教学内容涵盖的时空跨度非常大,思维的链索很长很广,许多问题涉及到学科的前沿及人类所关注的热点,因此,本节课对学生而言既有趣味性,又有挑战性。 (二)教学目标(1)知识与技能目标:1.通过全球气候的长期演变图,学生了解全球气候处在波动变化之中。2.通过资料认识全球气候一直处于变化之中并呈现一定变化周期,了解全球气候变化对地理环境及人类活动的影响,能够提出一些气候变化的适应对策。
二、流动镶嵌模型的基本内容1、膜的成分2、膜的基本支架3、膜的结构特点4、膜的功能特性设计意图:我根据板书的“规范、工整和美观”的要求,结合所教的内容,设计了如图所示的板书,使学生对本节课有一个整体的思路。八、教学反思:本节课我创设了问题情境来引导学生主动学习,利用了多媒体信息技术激发学生的学习热情,调动了学生的积极性,成功实现预期的教学目标。体现了学生为主体地位的新课程理念。启发式、探究式的教学方法以及由教师指导下的学生自主阅读、合作交流的学习方法把学生从死记知识的苦海中解救出来。初次的尝试还存在一定的缺陷,学生不能够很好的把知识和习题联系,只是把他所知道的知识简单罗列,不能够体现出能力的训练。在上课中发现学生比较腼腆或拘束,声音比较小,表达不能到位。尽管本节课存在诸多不足之处,但是也让我看到了闪光点:学生比较欢迎这样一堂自己是主角的课堂。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
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