【教学目标】1、了解方程、不等式、函数的图像之间的联系;2、掌握一元二次不等式的图像解法;【教学重点】1、 方程、不等式、函数的图像之间的联系;2、 一元二次不等式的解法。【教学难点】 一元二次不等式的解法。【教学设计】 1、从复习一次函数图像、一元一次方程、一元一次不等式的联系入手;2、类比观察一元二次函数图像,得到一元二次不等式的图像解法;3、加强知识的巩固与练习,培养学生的数学思维能力。【课时安排】 2课时(90分钟)【教学过程】一、一元二次不等式的解法² 复习回顾1、根据初中所学知识,填写下面表格: △>0 △=0△<0y=ax²+bx+c (a>0)的图像ax²+bx+c=0 (a>0)的根有 2 个根有 1 个根有 0 个根2、观察二次函数y=x²-5x+6的图像,回答下列问题:(1)当y=0时,x取什么值?(2)二次函数y=x²-5x+6的图像与x轴交点的坐标是什么?(3)当y<0时,x的取值范围是什么?总结:由此看到,通过对函数y=x²-5x+6的图像的研究,可以求出不等式x²-5x+6>0与x²-5x+6<0的解集
一、定义: ,这一公式表示的定理叫做二项式定理,其中公式右边的多项式叫做的二项展开式;上述二项展开式中各项的系数 叫做二项式系数,第项叫做二项展开式的通项,用表示;叫做二项展开式的通项公式.二、二项展开式的特点与功能1. 二项展开式的特点项数:二项展开式共(二项式的指数+1)项;指数:二项展开式各项的第一字母依次降幂(其幂指数等于相应二项式系数的下标与上标的差),第二字母依次升幂(其幂指数等于二项式系数的上标),并且每一项中两个字母的系数之和均等于二项式的指数;系数:各项的二项式系数下标等于二项式指数;上标等于该项的项数减去1(或等于第二字母的幂指数;2. 二项展开式的功能注意到二项展开式的各项均含有不同的组合数,若赋予a,b不同的取值,则二项式展开式演变成一个组合恒等式.因此,揭示二项式定理的恒等式为组合恒等式的“母函数”,它是解决组合多项式问题的原始依据.又注意到在的二项展开式中,若将各项中组合数以外的因子视为这一组合数的系数,则易见展开式中各组合数的系数依次成等比数列.因此,解决组合数的系数依次成等比数列的求值或证明问题,二项式公式也是不可或缺的理论依据.
请回答:根据上述材料,概述第二次工业革命兴起的主要原因。〖参考答案〗①政治上,资本主义制度在世界范围内的确立,为第二次工业革命提供了政权保障。②市场上,世界市场进一步拓展,推动生产进步发展。③科技上,19世纪自然科学的飞速发展与重大突破。④劳动力上,拥有更多、素质更好的自由劳动力。⑤经济上,拥有更加雄厚的资本。探索攻关二:第二次工业革命与垄断组织的出现的关系材料一第二次工业革命产生的新兴工业部门,在厂房、设备、技术要求和产品结构的复杂性等方面,都对生产组织提出了新的要求。这是过去的独家企业无法满足的,而且一般没有足够的资金。……于是,集中资金的合股公司迅速增加起来,起大型企业垄断组织也就应运而生。
⑤强调对外关系的灵活性。戈尔巴乔夫指出在对外政策中要采取多种办法选择不同的策略路线达到既定目标。在外交谈判中不要为自己制造死胡同,也不要给对方制造死胡同,要善于迎合伙伴,寻求接触点。在这种思想指导下,苏共采取的对外战略是以军控为中心的缓和战略,具体政策是继续与美国就裁军、消减核武器、限制地区冲突等问题进行谈判,缓解苏美关系;对西欧争取建立“全欧大厦”;对东欧实行纠偏、不干涉政策;对中国改善关系,实现关系正常化;调整与第三世界国家关系,解决阿富汗、柬埔寨等问题。 3、影响:①经济改革措施仓促上马,缺少宏观决策和相应的配套措施;加上戈尔巴乔夫没有放弃苏联的传统做法,继续优先发展重工业,致使改革未达到预期的效果,苏联经济持续下滑②经济体制改革受挫后,把改革的重点转向政治领域,最终导致国内局势的失控和苏联的解体。
有的学者还指出,要坚持集体主义还必须将集体主义的价值精神与社会主义市场经济的要求结合起来,批判地继承计划经济时代倡导的集体主义,合理地对其进行体系结构的调整和内容的更新,形成新的集体主义。与传统的集体主义相比,这种新的集体主义应具有如下两个主要特点。其一,强调集体的出发点是为了维护集体成员的正当个人利益。传统的集体主义具有片面强调集体至上性、绝对性的弊端;新的集体主义必须依据社会主义市场经济的现实要求,将集体应当对个人承担的义务加以科学的阐释。真正的集体应该维护各个集体成员的个人利益,实现组成集体的各个主体的自我价值。这种新型的集体主义是对社会主义市场经济条件下社会关系的真实反映,既与个人主义有本质区别,也不同于传统的集体主义。其二,要体现道德要求的先进性与广泛性的统一。
不可知论是否认人们认识世界或彻底改造世界的可能性的哲学学说。此概念首先由英国的赫胥黎(1825—1895)于1869年提出,不可知论的思想在古代就已产生,欧洲近代的主要代表是休谟和康德。其本质是把人的感觉看作是主观和客观之间的屏障而不是桥梁,不承认在感觉之外有确实可靠的客观外部世界的存在,不懂得认识过程中本质与现象、有限与无限的辩证关系。对不可知论最有力的驳斥是实践。有时不可知论一词也用以专指针对宗教教义而提出的一种学说,认为上帝是否存在、灵魂是否不朽是不可知的。2.二元论二元论是认为世界有两个本原的哲学学说,与一元论相对立,它把物质和意识绝对对立起来,认为物质和意识是两个各自独立、相互平行发展着的实体,谁也不产生谁,谁也不决定谁,都是世界的本原。它的观点是错误的:它肯定精神不依赖于物质而独立存在,这本身就是唯心主义的观点;它虽然承认物质是独立的本原,但在说明物质和精神的关系时,又把精神说成是唯一具有能动性的力量,必然倒向唯心主义。主要代表人物是法国的笛卡儿和德国的康德。
民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。一个民族,没有振奋的精神和高尚的品格,不可能自立于世界民族之林。“铁人”精神是“爱国、创业、求实、奉献”的大庆精神的典型化、人格化。其主要方面包括:“为祖国分忧、为民族争气”的爱国主义精神;为“早日把中国石油落后的帽子甩到太平洋里去”,“宁肯少活二十年,拼命也要拿下大油田”的忘我拼搏精神;干事业“有条件要上,没有条件创造条件也要上”的艰苦奋斗精神;“要为油田负责一辈子”,“干工作要经得起子孙万代检查”,对工作精益求精,为革命“练一身硬功夫、真本事”的科学求实精神;不计名利,不计报酬,埋头苦干的“老黄牛”精神;等等。40多年来,“铁人”精神早已家喻户晓,深入人心,成为大庆人的共同理想、信念和行为准则。“铁人”精神是对王进喜崇高思想、优秀品德的高度概括,体现了我国工人阶级精神风貌和中华民族传统美德的完美结合。“铁人”精神是战胜困难、勇往直前、不断取得新胜利的巨大精神力量。“铁人”精神是我们强大的精神支柱。
7、人总是按照自己对周围世界和人生的理解做事。有人认为命由天定,因而身处困境只是消极等待、逆来顺受;有人认为人定胜天,因而在困难面前积极奋争、不屈不挠。以上材料说明( )A哲学源于人们对实践的追问和对世界的思考B世界观决定方法论,方法论体现着世界观C哲学不等于自发的世界观D哲学是关于世界观的学说8、世界观和方法论的关系是()A世界观和方法论相互决定B方法论决定世界观,世界观体现方法论 C世界观决定方法论,方法论体现世界观 D世界观和方法论相互影响,相互决定9、下列关于哲学、世界观、具体知识之间联系的正确说法是()A哲学是关于世界观和具体知识的统一B哲学就是科学的世界观和具体知识C哲学是关于世界观的学说,是具体知识的概括和总结D哲学决定世界观,世界观决定具体知识10、下列对哲学的认识,不正确的是()A哲学是关于世界观的学说B哲学是世界观和方法论的统一C哲学是理论化、系统化、科学化的世界观D哲学是对具体知识的概括和总结
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
⑦在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
一、知识和技能1.了解锋面系统、低压系统、高压系统的特点2.理解气旋与反气旋的形成过程、气流运动特点,掌握气旋、反气旋气流运动的规律性3.使学生掌握气旋和反气旋控制下的天气状况二、过程和方法1.掌握各天气系统活动规律和处在不同天气系统及其不同部位的天气特点,利用天气图进行天气形势分析预报2.能够说明这些天气系统是如何对所到达地区的天气产生影响的,能够结合当地情况分析学校所在地曾经发生的灾害性天气及其影响下的天气系统3.通过研究气旋和反气旋的形成过程,使学生初步具备研究问题的方法与步骤4.通过对冷锋与暖锋天气系统的对比分析来实现学生地理综合分析能力的提高。通过对锋面气旋的分析来建立地理空间思维的习惯三、情感、态度、价值观1.通过本节课学习,让学生懂得学科学、爱科学,献身气象事业,为“四化”建设服务
一、明确课标要求1.了解褶皱的概念和褶皱的基本形态;2.了解褶皱山的形成和褶皱山的基本形态特征;3.能够在不同的示意图中识别和判读背斜与向斜;4.知道和理解断层的概念和断块山的形成,了解断块山的基本形态特征;5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。二、教学目标知识目标:1.结合具体图像,了解褶皱山的形成及基本形态特征。2.能在示意图上识别和判断背斜和向斜。3.理解内外力共同作用下形成的“背斜成谷,向斜成山”,并能够明白其形成的原因。4.能够结合实例,理解断块山的形成及基本特征。5.知道火山的形成、结构和规模。过程与方法目标:1.结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的内力、外力因素。2.通过案例,尝试联系实际,培养动手演示、判读图像、比较、分析、归纳的能力。
【补充说明】我们这节课简要地分析了陆地环境的三种地域分异规律。实际上,世界上的任何事物有其一般性,也有它的特 殊性。在地带性分异规律的基础上,陆地环境因为受到海陆分布、地形 起伏等因素的影响,也会出现一些不规律的现象,这种现象称为非地带性。例如,我们在初中地理中学过绿洲。还记得什么叫绿洲吗?再比如,在南美洲的西海岸(太平洋沿岸),有一条狭长的(热带)荒漠带,而缺少热带草原带,热带雨林带主要是分布在赤道以北地区。这主要是受大的地形起伏的影响。因为南美洲西部是一列高大的安第斯山脉,受其影响,两边的气候状况不同,所以就出现了分布规律不同的自然带,这也是一种非地带性现象。【总结】有规律分布的自然带构成了全球和谐的自然环境整体。自然带之间错综复杂的、微妙的要素关系,有许多是人类还没有认识到的。因此,人类不能随意去破坏任何哪怕是极微小的环节,也许它 带来的影响会是全球性的。保护全球环境,人人有责。
一、知识和技能1.使学生能够正确认识太阳的基本特征及其外部结构;2.了解太阳能量的来源,理解太阳是地球的主要能量源;3.了解太阳活动(主要是黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响。二、过程和方法1.能通过展示的图片理解太阳活动增强时会使地球无线电短波通讯受干扰及产生磁暴现象的原因。2.通过对各种资料的观察以及课前室外的观测,培养学生获取地理信息的能力和分析、判断、推理等逻辑思维能力三、情感、态度、价值观培养学生树立正确的人地观、科学的宇宙观,和热爱科学勇于探索的精神【教学重点】1.知道太阳辐射对地球的影响; 2.知道太阳活动对地球的影响;3.太阳的外部结构和能量来源【教学难点】太阳活动(黑子和耀斑)对地球的影响
1.促使美国成为一个移民国家的因素是:①美洲属于未开发的新大陆,需要大量的劳动力;②欧洲失业工人和破产农民增加,人们为了追求更好的经济待遇迁往美洲;③新航线的开辟为人们顺利迁移扫除了障碍;④殖民扩张是人口迁移的促进因素,加快了人口迁移的过程。导致美国人口在本土范围内频繁迁移的原因,归纳起来有:第一次人口迁移是战争因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然环境、经济环境的变化;第四次是经济格局的变化,即西部和南部新资源的发现和新兴工业的发展。2.我国古代的人口迁移,深受统治者及其行政力量的束缚。封建帝王为了加强本国的经济和军事实力,对人口迁移严加控制。只有当战乱发生的时候,这种控制才得到削弱,人们为了躲避战乱,寻找安定的生活环境,不得不进行大规模的迁移。我国近几十年的人口迁移主要是由生产资料和劳动力数量上的地区分布不平衡造成的,是经济因素在起主导作用,与古代的人口迁移截然不同。
在经济水平较高、工业地域规模较大的地区,其发展潜力就远不一样,如钢铁工业。钢铁工业的生产过程比较复杂(如课本图5.31),需要有相互接近的工厂,不仅包括从事钢铁生产各道工序的工厂,如烧结厂、焦化厂、炼铁厂、炼钢厂、轧钢厂,还包括与钢铁生产有联系的工厂,如氧气厂、机修厂、发电厂、水泥厂等,总共可达20~30个工厂。这些工厂集 聚,设备大,管线长,占地多。因此,这样形成的工业地域(钢铁工业区)面积广,发育程度高,发展潜力大。这类工业地域 再加上为方便众多工人生活所配置的服务业和其他工业,在发展过程中,往往由于工业地域的扩展而形成工业城市。例如,我国的鞍山(“钢都”)、攀枝花、马鞍山、包头(“草原钢城”)等钢铁工业城市的形成。除此之外,石油化工区、机械制造工业区等属于发育程度高的工业地域,也往往扩展而形成工业城市。例如,我国的石油城大庆、克拉玛依,汽车城十堰等。
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