
材料一 宋元时期,是我国古代发展的高峰时期,这一时期的科技,是在隋唐经济高度繁荣基础上的延续。宋朝结束了五代十国以来长期分裂割据和混战的局面。那时经济发展,城市繁荣,航海和对外贸易空前活跃,元朝实现了全国性的统一,中外经济文化交流频繁。两大因素的结合,使宋元文化突飞猛进,涌现出一批著名的科学家和文学家、艺术家,反映了那个时期我国科学技术在世界上的领先地位。——《宋元时期的科技成就》(1)根据材料概括宋元时期科技发展的原因,结合所学指出宋元时期在四大发明方面的成就。 材料二 西方近代科学一经产生,就以其蕴含的思想和方法对社会的各个方面进行了改造,驱动全社会的近代化不断深化。但在中国,尽管在明清之际西方近代科技就已传入,却没有能够产生其在西方社会所发挥的作用。——《论明清之际士人群体对西方科技的态度及历史影响》(2)西方近代科学引发了两次工业革命,分别使人类进入什么时代?结合所学从政治、经济、思想方面指出,明清时期的哪些因素阻碍西方近代科学在中国发挥作用?

【人民的智慧】材料三 这是预兆资产阶级社会到来的三项伟大发明,火药把骑士阶层炸得粉碎,A打开了世界市场并建立了殖民地,而B则变成新教的工具,变成科学复兴的手段,变成推动精神发展创造的必要前提和最强大的杠杆。——马克思《机器、自然力和科学的应用》(3)材料中的A是指哪一科技发明?宋代时改进B项发明的历史人物是谁?中国的三大发明传入欧洲后,对欧洲历史发展最重要的影响是什么?(4分)

As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___condition. He felt worried, and he wanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in waternear North Pole(北极)todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers(融化的冰川).

Antarctica lies in the most southern part of theworld. It is the coldest area on Earth. There isn’t much rain, but there is alot of snow and wind. The lowest temperature was on 21 July in 1983 at -89.2℃!

“Red Trip” in TonghuaTonghua is a good choice to have a “red trip”. It is aplace full of “red stories”. The well-known national hero Yang Jingyu oncefought here. Experience the “red spirit”!

In the late autumn, John was badly ill andbecame bedridden (长期卧床的).After the doctor visited John several times, he told Sue, “His condition isquite ___22___.John seems to have lost all will to live. If he doesn’t want to live, medicineswill not help him.”

In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.

At the age of nine, Kelly dreamed of being abasketball player. But one day when she was playing basketball, she hurt herleft leg ____16____.

直到今天,我依旧最喜欢一个姓,高;最喜欢一个字,翔;超喜欢一个词儿,高翔。抬头,天蓝云白,鸟儿高翔,再没有比这更美的意境了。回眸,凝视,三十年前清晰如昨。记得是个午自习,我们刚升入初三的第二周。正在做作业,突然听见几声响亮的击掌,用脚趾头想想都知道是老班。

舜发于畎亩之中,傅说举于版筑之间,胶鬲举于鱼盐之中,管夷吾举于士,孙叔敖举于海,百里奚举于市。故天将降大任于是人也,必先苦其心志,劳其筋骨,饿其体肤,空乏其身,行拂乱其所为,【甲】所以动心忍性,曾益其所不能。

古诗是一幅幅草木明净的“无声画”。芦苇摇曳,先民低唱“①______,白露为霜”(《<诗经>二首》);登楼远眺,崔颢吟诵“②______,芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲”(《黄鹤楼》);持节塞上,王维长叹“ ③_____,归雁入胡天”(《使至塞上》);羁旅天涯,马致远感慨“④______,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马”(《天净沙·秋思》)。

爱莲说周敦颐水陆草木之花,可爱者甚蕃。晋陶渊明独爱菊。自李唐来,世人甚爱牡丹。予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染,濯清涟而不妖,中通外直,不蔓不枝,香远益清,亭亭净植,可远观而不可亵玩焉。

题稚川山水【唐】戴叔伦松下茅亭五月凉,汀沙云树晚苍苍。行人无限秋风思,隔水青山似故乡。注:戴叔伦,唐代诗人,此诗作于作者宦游途中。

妈妈19岁嫁给爸爸。外婆生育了6个孩子,还领养了一个,但妈妈是唯一的女儿,在那个年代,虽然说不上能享受到多少宠爱,但至少没有遭受过任何对女性的轻慢,妈妈甚至还念到初中毕业,字写得比我还好,能自由阅读文学作品。

夜来似闻某人素心,明日试往看之,入其门,窥其闺,见所谓某人方据案面南看一文书。顾客入来,默然一揖,便拉袖命坐,曰:“君既来,可亦试看此书。”相与欢笑。日影尽去,既已自饥,徐问客曰:“君亦饥耶?”不亦快哉!

Lastsummer, I was holding the net when Grandpa asked me ____19____ I couldhelp him teach Frank how to play chess. I said no because I wanted to catchfish. Grandpa had been the one who’d taught us how to catch fish, but then the ____20____ made him stay behind.

Choose the best choice fromA to F to finish the dialogue. You have one more answer. Each choice should beused only once.A: Hello, I’m a schoolnewspaper reporter. May I ask you some questions?B: ____46____

There are many kinds ___21___art forms in China. ___22___ you often see any of them in your life?They help us understand and enjoy the traditional Chinese culture. When theSpring Festival comes, some people often ___23___ the red paper intodifferent art works with scissors.

If youthink you have walked into a library with a ____11____ likethat, you are exactly wrong. ____12____, you’ve entered the workplace of CourtneyHolmes, known as the Storybook Barber (理发师).

For Yang, one of the long-expected activitiesduring the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the earlymorning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite,he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
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