《司马光》统编版教材三年级语文上册第二单元的一篇精读课文,也是小学阶段安排的第一篇文言文,讲述了一个广为流传的小故事,它以精练的笔触,勾勒出一个机敏的七岁男孩的形象。“众皆弃去,光持石击瓮破之”实为文眼,突显了司马光的聪颖机智,遇事沉着冷静。全篇内容简单,言简意赅,但故事情节完整。本课重点是能借助注释,理解课文大意,并用自己的话讲故事。初步感受文言文的特点,简单说出文言文与现代文的区别。本文是中年级学生接触的简单的文言文,它犹如在孩子面前打开了一扇窗户,铺开了一条通道,让他们穿越时空隧道,走近历史先贤,在阅读与思考中汲取古代优秀文化的精髓,这将为培养学生学习古文的兴趣,对于掌握学习古文的方法,为打好学习古文的基础具有重要的地位和作用。为他们进一步了解祖国文化做好铺垫,并对其一生文化素养的积淀起到非常关键的作用。 1.会认“司、跌”等5个生字,会写“司、庭”等7个生字。2.把握好词句间的停顿,能正确、流利地朗读课文。背诵课文。3.借助注释理解课文内容,并能用自己的话讲故事。4.掌握文言文学习的一般方法,培养学生对文言文的喜爱以及对传统文化的热爱之情。 1.教学重点:能借助注释,理解课文大意,并用自己的话讲故事。背诵课文。2.教学难点:通过学法迁移,让学生能初步感悟小古文和其他课文在语言上的不同。 2课时
结果:突破长江防线,占领南岸广大地区。目标导学二:细读课文,深层探究本篇报道的主体是写三路大军渡江战斗的经过,为何从中路写起?何处详写?何处略写?为什么这样安排?明确:中路于二十日首先渡江,所以先写。二十一日夜即已渡完,只用一句话就交代清楚了。至于其受阻情况,因与西路一样,敌人“纷纷溃退,毫无斗志”,所以此路略写。次写西路,详写。最后写东路,详写。由于这里敌人的防线比较巩固,加之此处敌军抵抗较为顽强,更重要的是这一地区战略意义重大,直接关系到能否包围敌军、解放南京,因此报道写得十分具体。尤其是最后两句详写了我军的战果,是为了说明水路长江和陆路镇江、无锡段铁路线已经全部被我军切断,敌人毫无退路,敌我双方态势已十分明显。
活动准备: 1、经验准备:幼儿有看图列组成式的经验,学习过6以内各数的加减和7的组成。 2、物质准备: , ——教具:图片一张(上面画7只猴子,其中1只小猴,6只大猴;2只猴子在树上,5只猴子在草地上;3只猴子在吃香蕉,4只在吃苹果。) ——学具:《幼儿用书》(P11、12、13页),幼儿人手一支笔。活动过程: 1、看猴子去。 ——教师:还记得《7只小猴去旅行》的故事吗?小猴们旅行回来了,我们去看看它们吧。 ——教师(出示图片):小猴在哪里?它们都在干什么? ——请幼儿说一说每个小猴子的位置,以及它们正在做什么?如:1只小猴子,6只大猴子………
2.有参与活动的兴趣,并愿意用语言讲述。 活动准备: 1.玩具柜1-2个。 2.玩具若干(长毛绒玩具、汽车玩具、娃娃、积木等)或幼儿自带的玩具若干。 活动过程: (一)引发幼儿活动兴趣。 1.展示玩具,认识玩具。 教师:园长老师知道我们班小朋友特别喜欢玩玩具,今天给我们送来了许多玩具, 看看有些什么玩具?(请幼儿说出玩具名称) 2.玩玩具,体验快乐。 教师鼓励幼儿分组自选玩具,自由地和玩耍或和同伴一起友好地玩。
2.通过匹配游戏,了解生活中一些物品的联系,初步获得相应的经验。 3.体验数学游戏活动的乐趣。 活动准备: 1.实物:热水瓶、杯子、碗、勺子、鞋子、围巾、手套、袜子、牙膏、牙刷等。 2.图片:雨伞、雨鞋、菜刀、砧板等。 3.幼儿操作图片 活动过程: 1.通过看实物展,引发幼儿参与活动的兴趣。 (1) 教师带领幼儿参观实物展。 (2) 师:宝宝,今天 陆 老师带来了很多东西,请你们来看一看,它们是什么?有什么用的? (3) 看完以后请宝宝说一说:你看到了什么?它是用来做什么的? 2.实物找朋友。 (1) 师:宝宝们真棒,都说出了他们的用途,现在要请宝宝给这些物品找朋友,你们愿意吗?
【活动准备】 1、小兔手偶一个、魔术袋一个。 2、不同大小、不同颜色的圆形、三角形、正方形若干。 3、纸制小路(上面镂刻不同形状、不同大小、不同颜色的图形)。 【活动过程】 1、创设情境,引起幼儿参与活动的兴趣。 森林里,小兔的房子被大风吹倒了,我们一起帮它造一座房子吧。 2、帮小兔造房子,复习几何图形。 引导幼儿从魔术袋里摸出不同图形,并用摸出的几何图形给小兔造房子,复习圆形、三角形、正方形。
[活动准备] 1、图片一幅、纸制小路(上面镂刻不同形状、不同大小的图形) 2、小白兔头饰一个,内装有形状不同的几何图形多个的“魔术箱”一个 [教学过程] 一、以故事形式引出主题 1、讲故事引起幼儿的兴趣 师:小朋友,昨天小白兔打电话给老师,它对老师说:“昨天,森林里刮起了大风,把我的房子都给吹破了(呜…)你能不能帮我造一间新房子呢?”于是,老师就连夜给小白兔造了一间新房子。小朋友,你们看,这新房子漂亮吗? 2 、出示图片,提问: 师:你们看,老师把房顶盖成什么形状的? 小:三角形 师:房身呢? 小:正方形 师:门又是什么形状呢? 小:圆形 引导幼儿说出三角形、正方形和圆形
2、初步培养观察力和动手能力,萌发对科学活动的兴趣。 3、养成自己整理鞋子的良好习惯。 重点:按鞋子的大小、颜色、款式等特点进行配对。 难点:寻找鞋底的秘密,特别是形状:两头大中间向里凹,但两只鞋子的朝向是相反的。 二、活动准备: 1、与幼儿人数相近的大小、颜色、款式各异的鞋子散落放在鞋架上,用布先遮起来,人手一张白纸。 2 、欢快的音乐一段。 3、半圆形的座位安排,中间留有空地,便于活动。 三、活动过程 (一)奇怪的鞋子 1、教师以故事的形式引出:娃娃家里的宝宝呀,特别爱漂亮,她每天都要换一双新鞋子,所以她的鞋子特别多,最后,连她自己都分不清哪两只是一双了,有一天他穿了一双很特别的鞋子,一只是大的红鞋子,一只是小一点儿的花鞋子(教师边讲边出示两只鞋子),可是这一天,她非常不开心,你们知道她为什么不开心吗?(幼儿猜测,引导幼儿发现两只鞋子的不同) 2、教师小结:两只大小不同、形状不同、颜色也不一样的鞋子不是一双,所以穿的人当然就不舒服了。
【活动目标】 1、知道三角形的主要特征,即三角形由三条边,三个角组成。 2、能找出生活中和三角形相似的物体。 3、乐意动手操作,提高观察力和空间想象力。 【活动准备】 1、小白兔、萝卜、蘑菇图片各一个, 2、图形组成的实物图片4张。 3、孩子人手3个三角形。 【活动过程】 一、故事:小白兔过生日 今天是小白兔的生日,早晨小白兔高高兴兴的从家里出来,它要去采蘑菇,走着走着它看到一个大萝卜,小白兔捡起大萝卜继续往前走,走到蘑菇地里采了一个大蘑菇高兴的回家了。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative动词-ing形式作表语,它通常位于系动词后面,用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”一种表示主语的特质、特征和状态, 其作用相当于形容词; 另一种具体说明主语的内容, 即主语等同于表语, 两者可互换。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …horse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.
1. 这个寓言是一个关于一位国王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用这个故事让读者对于社区的问题负有个人责任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 这个故事十分成功的实现了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
1. In Picture 1 and Picture 2, where do you think they are from? How do you know?From their wearings, we can know they are from ethnic minority of China--- Miao and Dong.Picture 1, they are playing their traditional instrument lusheng in their traditional costumes.Picture 2. the girls are Miao because they wear their traditional costumes and silver accessory.2. In Picture 3, can you find which village it is? What time is it in the picture?It is Dong village. It is at night. Step 2 While-listeningJustin met a new friend while traveling in Guizhou. Listen to their conversation and complete the summaries below.Part 1Justin and Wu Yue watched some Miao people play the lusheng. The instrument has a history of over 3,000 years and it is even mentioned in the oldest collection of Chinese poetry. Then they watched the lusheng dance. Justin wanted to buy some hand-made silver/traditional accessories as souvenirs. He was told that the price will depend on the percentage of silver. Part 2They will go to a pretty Dong minority village called Zhaoxing. they will see the drum towers and the wind and rain bridges. They may also see a performance of the Grand Song of the Dong people.Step 3 Post-listening---TalkingWork in groups. Imagine Justin is telling some friends about his trip to Guizhou. One of you is Justin and the rest of you are his friends. Ask Justin questions about his trip and experience. The following expressions may help you.
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
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