
知识和技能 1、指导学生绘制气压带和风带分布示意图,从中分析大气运动的规律性,并培养和提高学生绘制原理形成示意图的地理技能。2、运用海陆热力差异原理进行解释,加强学 生对半球冬夏季气压中心的形成和分布的理解解。3、使学生理解气压带和风带对气候的影响。过程与方法 1、通过三圈环流模拟演示,培养学生的空间思维能力。2、通过对海陆分布对大气环流影响的两图示的对比分析,让学生读图思考气压带、风带的分布规律和原因。3、利用成因分析法引导学生探究气压带和风带对气候的影响机制。情感、态度与价值观1、培养学生辩证唯物主义观。2、培养学生理论联系实际的能力。教学重点1、气压带和风带的分布。2、北半球气压中心冬夏分布及对气候的影响。3、气压带和风带对气候的影响。

书法艺术的繁荣期,是从东汉开始的东汉时期出现了专门的书法理论著作,最早的书法理论提出者是东西汉之交的扬雄第一部书法理论专著是东汉时期崔瑗的《草书势》汉代书法家可分为两类:一类是汉隶书家,以蔡邕为代表一类是草书家,以杜度、崔瑗、张芝为代表,张芝被后人称之为“草圣”最能代表汉代书法特色的,莫过於是碑刻和简牍上的书法东汉碑刻林立,这一时期的碑刻,以汉隶刻之,字型方正,法度谨严、波磔分明此时隶书已登峰造极汉代创兴草书,草书的诞生,在书法艺术的发展史上有著重大意义它标志著书法开始成为一种能够高度自由的抒发情感,表现书法家个性的艺术草书的最初阶段是草隶,到了东汉时期,草隶进一步发展,形成了章草,后由张芝创立了今草,即草书

让学生仔细聆听美妙的音乐,合作讨论,加深理解。(1)本诗文中的“兰芝被遣”和“兰芝抗婚”的情节,可与乐曲展开部第一阶段“逼嫁抗婚”对比阅读。文中的刘兰芝是在封建礼教的压迫下被遣归及被迫“改嫁”,刘兰芝与祝英台一样都进行了抗争。乐曲中的乐器奏出了具有威胁力的封建势力的主题,代表着封建势力的凶暴残酷,同时叙述了祝英台的悲痛和不安心情,表现了控诉、抗争的感情。(2)本诗文中的“夫妻誓别”的情节,可与乐曲呈示部中的结束部“长亭惜别”对比阅读。文中刘兰芝与焦仲卿的誓别。二人分手之际,依依不舍,“举手长劳劳,二情同依依”。乐曲中梁祝分别时依依不舍又充满悲伤,音调抒情徐缓。让学生在徐缓的音乐中去感受刘兰芝与焦仲卿生离死别的痛苦。

请问,作者究竟听到歌声没有?”学生回答:“没有。”“这里是比喻,因为这里用得是‘仿佛’一词……”对,是比喻。也就是说,作者是用歌声来比喻荷香,是吧?“但是,“荷香与歌声有什么可比的共同点吗?”“荷香与歌声都是断断续续、若有若无的。”“而且朦朦胧胧的。”“对。“荷香和歌声都是‘缕缕’的、‘渺茫’的。这是比喻。这是一种特殊的比喻,钱钟书先生把它叫做‘通感’。人们通过视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉、嗅觉等五官感知外界事物时,在一般情况下,彼此不能交错;但在特殊情况下,五官功能却能出现互相转化、彼此沟通的现象叫“通感”,也叫“移觉”。举几个例子来说明:诗人艾青曾写诗这样描绘日本著名指挥家小泽征尔:‘你的耳朵在侦察,你的眼睛在倾听……’这也是通感。又如:“那笛声里有故乡绿色平原上青草的香味,有四月的龙眼花的香味,有太阳的光明。”(郭风《叶笛》)

【明确】“一夫当关,万夫莫开”言剑阁有易守难攻的险要形势,暗示中央朝廷的部队很不容易打进来,因而野心家可以据险发动叛乱,“化为狼与豺”,搞地方割据。如果割据势力之间出现矛盾冲突,难免要发生混战,结果必定是“杀人如麻”。诗人这番预言在十多年后就得到了证实:从上元二年到大历初即有段子璋、徐知道、崔旰等人相继发动叛乱。诗人的意图是要严防野心家发难。诗人从剑阁的险要引出对政治形势的描写。他化用西晋张载《剑阁铭》中形胜之地,匪亲勿居的语句,目的在于劝人引以为鉴戒,警惕战乱的发生,并联系当时的社会背景,揭露了蜀中豺狼的磨牙吮血,杀人如麻,这既是描写蜀道猛兽,又是影射政治黑暗的双关语句,表达了对国事的忧虑与关切,为诗篇增加了现实的内涵、深厚的意蕴。唐天宝初年,太平景象背后正潜伏着危机,后来发生的安史之乱,证明诗人的忧虑是有现实意义的。

一、内容与解析从古代运用天文方法确定耕作时间,到现代对宇宙形成演变的种种假设,对宇宙的探索,已经成为人类生活的一部分。宇宙从何而来,向何而去,人类从何而来,向何而去,这些基本问题不仅具有科学意义,而且具有哲学的意味。以前教材中没有出现过解说词,但是在日常生活中,我们经常接触到各类解说词,可以让学生联系实际,了解解说词的特点;也可以找来其他科学电视片,结合视觉画面,让学生全面地感受解说词的特点。二、教学目标及解析(一)教学目标1.引导学生联系实际,了解解说词的特点。2.引导学生了解一些有关宇宙的基础知识。3.引导学生借助文中精辟的议论和热烈的情感抒发,了解作者对宇宙和人类的思考,并引发自己的思考。

【教学过程】导入:如果说唐诗是中国文学史中的一朵奇葩,那孟浩然则是点缀其上的一滴晶莹露珠,其充满魅力与特色的诗风在盛唐独树一帜,也为其在人才济济的诗史上刻下了永恒的印记。同学们能否先回忆一下,我们学过的孟浩然的诗歌有哪些?(《春晓》、《宿建德江》、《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》、《过故人庄》。)我们常说"中国古诗写胸襟,是人格美的自然流露",那么孟诗在语言和思想情感上留给你怎样的印象和感受?整体感知:本文作者闻一多先生也是一位诗人,所谓"英雄惜英雄",相同的志向与情趣使闻一多似乎带着我们在与孟浩然进行了一场心灵的对话。那么同学们在快速阅读文章之后,能否先找出作者是选择了一个怎样的角度对孟浩然评价的?(诗如其人,人如其诗。)

(2)怎样理解本文的一些相关论述?【明确】这是一篇科学讲演,涉及较为复杂的背景知识。这些知识和讲演的主题是密切相关的,如果不作必要的交待,讲演的内容就会显得抽象和单薄。如,谈到天气预报、大脑工作原理都具有混沌性质,来反衬宇宙在大尺度上是"平滑而非混沌"的;如,谈到恒星的死亡(归宿)引出黑洞,为宇宙中暗物质的存在寻找理论支持;如,谈到现存宇宙对初始密度的极度敏感,引出了"人择原理"等等。这些相关的论述,或从对立面凸显观点,或从纵深面强化观点,使论证丰富多彩。(3)这篇讲演在语言上具有怎样的特点?【明确】讲演是面对面的交流,这种交流又是单向度的,如果不注意讲演的语言艺术,就达不到最佳的表达效果。这篇讲演,除了推理严谨外,语言幽默也是其突出的特点。幽默的语言创造出一种轻松愉快的气氛,更具有亲和力,使所阐发的事理更容易为听众接受。

(2)世界需要中国:中国入世后,为全球提供一个诱人的大市场。WTO亟须中国带来新的生机和平衡。世界需要中国。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,入世后,其巨大的需求潜力将转化为现实的购买力,为全球提供一个诱人的大市场。目前,与世贸组织成员间的贸易额占我国外贸总额的90%,来华落户的跨国公司多来自世贸组织成员。世贸组织几任总干事先后在不同场合表达过相同的意愿:WTO亟须中国带来新的生机和平衡。2、影响:(1)对世界:促进了世界经济的发展,有利于建立完善的世界贸易体系。(2)对中国:对中国经济发展有利有弊,但利大于弊。中国加入世贸组织,是机遇也是挑战。有利:加入世界贸易组织,促进了我国经济的发展,进一步完善了社会主义市场经济体制。

画中的诸多图像反映了画家对于传统绘画因素的吸收。那个怀抱死去孩子的母亲图像,似乎是源自哀悼基督的圣母像传统;手持油灯的女人,使人联想起自由女神像的造型;那个高举双手仰天惊呼的形象,与戈雅画中爱国者就义的身姿不无相似之处;而那个张臂倒地的士兵形象,则似乎与意大利文艺复兴早期某些战争画中的形象,有着姻亲关系。由此可以看出,毕加索不仅是一位富于叛逆精神的大胆创新者,同时也是一位尊崇和精通传统的艺术家。教师须强调:现代主义美术是现代美术流派的总称,现代美术流派众多,多姿多彩,但它们也表现出许多共同的特征。在技法上,它们大都反对传统的写实主义,追求新奇,空间结构错乱,色彩配置随意,点线紊乱,缺乏透视可谓它们共有的特点。在创作主旨上,它们都主张强调自我,表现个人情感和内心世界。可以说,现代美术艺术再现了20世纪西方世界的精神状况。

苏联文学的沿革,既反映了苏联社会的伟大思想性变革,又反映了苏联文坛活跃与混乱并存的局面,特别是其所具有强烈的意识形态色彩是苏联社会深层次变化的风向标。(2)20世纪的亚、非、拉美文学20世纪亚、非、拉美文学的繁荣伴随着民族民主运动的高涨,其主流都体现了反对殖民压迫、反对社会不公的爱国主义精神。出现了许多颇有影响的作家和作品。泰戈尔是印度近现代文学的光辉代表,为印度现代民族主义奠定了基础。其代表作《戈拉》塑造了爱国的印度民族主义知识分子形象。泰戈尔是首位获诺贝尔文学奖的东方作家。鲁迅是中国文学革命的巨匠,他的《呐喊》集,昭示着中国新文学时代的到来。哥伦比亚作家马尔克斯的《百年孤独》,描绘加勒比海沿岸小城百年孤独的原因及打破这种状态的途径。

(形容词短语most beautiful的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作定语修饰名词bird)④A good friend is someone who makes you really happy.好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。(形容词短语really happy的构成形式为:副词+形容词,该短语在句中作宾语补足语)[即学即练]画出下例句中的形容词短语并指明构成形式如:It is less cold today than it was yesterday.构成形式: 副词+形容词(1)Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.(2)The road is long enough.(3)The medicine is good for stomach.三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)副词短语:指以一个副词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于副词,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式有:(副词)+副词如: much more beautifully①He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在这里工作。(副词短语here yesterday修饰动词did)②Bill did the work very well.比尔做的这份工作很好。副词短语very well修饰动词did③We are all entirely responsible for our action(副词短语all entirely, 修饰形容词短语responsible for)

(5)be to do (可以和具体的时间状语连用)①表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。②用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必须努力工作。(6)be about to do (不与具体的时间状语连用) 表示即将要发生的动作。We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。(7)一般现在时表将来①表示按时间表规定将要发生的动作。常限于表示位置移动的短暂性动词。②在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表将来。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看时刻表,快点!4026次航班的起飞时间是下午6点20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时后出发。

Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下来的三天里,您可以在当地导游的陪同下,深入雨林进行探索,欣赏雨林特有的动植物。本句主体结构为spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸,仅仅凭着石头间的完美契合,即可稳固墙体。本句为so that引导的结果状语从句。nothing与the perfect fit为并列成分; other than在句中意为“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.

Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游计划是一种常见的应用文写作。旅游可分为观光游、文化游、美食游及探险游等不同类型,因此旅游计划也要根据不同的旅游目的进行设计。常规的旅游计划需要明确以下几个方面的问题:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 为了提升旅行计划的层级,还需注意以下几个方面的问题:1.每段是否有明确清晰的主题;2.用一般现在时代替一般将来时;3.用更高级的形容词词汇。例如:表达“好”时,不要总用“nice”,我们还可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表达更具有指向性的词汇;4.用更高级的动词词汇。比如:我们可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";

Then have them write a short paragraph to describe and explain their changes. After that, get the Ss to exchange their drafts with their partners and use the checklist to give feedback on their drafts, and finally revise it.Step 5 Summary of how to write a wellness book1.健康书的审题步骤:第一步:明确要求该写作属于经验分享,故要用第一人称来写;时态以一股现在时为主。第二步:确定段落该类文章可以从以下三个方面人手:Para.1首先表明写作的目的Para.2自己的做法及心得体会Para.3表示期望及感谢第三步:提炼要点2.健康书常见句式:1) It is an honor for me to share my favorite sport with you,2) It makes me feel relaxed playing with my friends.3) It makes me rid myself of stress while playing with my friends.4) Moreover, it provides me a valuable chance to communicate with others.5) I we eat too little or too much, or if we choose the wrong food, we may become sick.6) We can do something to change the poor situation.Step 6Homework假如你的老师让你在班级Wellness Bok上分享自己的亲身经历及心得,请根据以下要点写一篇80字左右的文章1. 你喜欢的运动是什么?2. 你最喜欢的原因是什么?3. 你参加锻炼的体会。

II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “link verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本节语法思考:定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么? 关系词有哪些?定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词,它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词。他们在先行词和定语从句之间起到联系作用,同时在意义上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分。被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

The listening and speaking part aims at how to protect and help endangered animals by listening, speaking and talking about the facts and reasons. This lesson analyzes the decreasing clause of Tibetan antelope population and the measures of protecting Tibetan antelopes. So students can be guided to learn to analyse the title and use different reading skills or strategies, like scanning, skimming and careful reading.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.1. Read quickly to get the main ideas and the purpose of going to Tibetan; read carefully to understand what the author see and think.2. Understand the sentences of the present continuous passive voice such as “Much is being done to protect wildlife.” and the inverted sentence “Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.”3. Cultivate the reading methods according to different materials.Step 1 Leading-inWatch a video about elephants and whales and then ask:Why are they endangered ? They are killed/hunted

This lesson is about wildlife protection. The listening and speaking is about “How to protect endangered wildlife ?” Faced with the facts and numbers of wildlife loss, people begin to detect the reasons, then people such as the celebrities (Prince William and Yao Ming) are calling on to protect them. So students are guided to enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife and try to take part in some volunteer activities of protecting wildlife.1. Predict the content by using visuals. 2. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?3. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.4. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.5. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.1. Learn from the stars like Prince William and Yao Ming and enhance the awareness of protecting wildlife.2. Guide students to try to put forward the solutions to the problems of wildlife protection and then discuss them with partners and present the results of discussion.3. Learn to use the sentences such as “I’m concerned about.... But now they are in danger. I want to know the reasons/why./ What can we do to protect them ?4. Master the pronunciation of stressed syllables.Part A Listening and Speaking--- How to save endangered wildlifeStep 1 Lead in1. Point at the pictures on P14 and ask Q1: What message do these posters share?
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