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《蜀道难》说课稿（一） 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册
(3)夸张到极致的技巧： (学生寻找出诗歌中的夸张语句，谈出感受)(4)多样的诗歌意境： 为了表达主观感受与目的的需要，诗歌中构织不同的意境：高峻、宏伟、神奇、凄清、恐怖等各种意境均有描绘，而这些意境又统统表现一个“难”字。(5)神秘的传说： “五丁开山”“太阳神回车”“子规哀啼”等传说的出现，使全诗笼罩一种神秘气氛，也从另一个角度表现出了一个“难”字。九.课后探讨本文主旨历来争议不定，明确诗歌的主旨和情感。 我首先指导方法， “知人论世” 是评论文学作品的一种原则 。知人，就是了解作者其人及作者与作品的关系。论世，就是要了解作者所处的时代、环境。接着打出李白在长安的介绍。说明李白踌躇满志而来，却受到权贵的忌恨，被放还乡。接着打出唐玄宗时期的介绍，说明太平景象背后潜伏的危机。然后让学生分组讨论，本课的写作意图是什么？
《说“木叶”》说课稿（一） 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册
这五个问题，主要从学情出发，由浅入深，从感知到理论，培养学生的鉴赏能力。第三环节：延伸探究、展示成果(多媒体显示）走出文本，引入课外同类文学现象，让学生能够触类旁通，举一反三，把教材作为一个例子，让学生在深入的文学鉴赏中再次获得语言的审美。同学们初步掌握了文学语言具有暗示性的性质后，还需巩固、提升鉴赏能力!这里我采取的方法是：引导学生认真阅读文本，经小组合作探究后，得出本组的鉴赏成果并加以展示，这里重在培养学生的理解能力和分析综合能力。问题是：1、 请结合下面三首词的意境，选用残红、落红、乱红填空。2、 阅读下面这些句子，理解“燕”在词语中的暗示意义。该环节充分体现了 “ 教师为主导，学生为主体”的原则。老师的适时点拨，让学生的鉴赏思路更加清晰。学生通过合作探究，理解能力和分析综合能力得到了提升。
《永遇乐 · 京口北固亭怀古》说课稿（一） 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修上册
（三）以读带讲，感知文本1.学生朗读首先我会让学生结合书下的注释自由大声的朗读本篇课文，扫清文字障碍，感知词意。此环节可以让学生在诵读中解决词中的生字困难，疏通文意。2.教师范读我会声情并茂、感情充沛的进行配乐朗诵。此环节力求让学生感受到词的音乐美，懂得词的朗诵方法，为深入理解词的内容做准备。（四）精讲细读，深入文本此环节主要解决本课的重点，所以我会运用合作教学法和点拨教学法引导学生分析词中典故，探讨作者写作目的。首先我将学生分为孙权刘裕组、刘义隆组、拓跋焘组、廉颇组四个小组。然后对这四个小组分别提出思考问题，让学生以小组为单位解决我提出的问题。在学生讨论结束后分别找每个小组中的一位同学回答，并引导点拨学生答案。孙权刘裕组：
《再别康桥》说课稿（一） 2020-2021学年统编版高中语文选择性必修下册
2.对比联想法。让学生在诵读的基础上，对《再别康桥》中康桥美景的赏析和意象进行解读，引导学生欣赏诗歌的画面美，从而受到审美的体验。3.探究式学习法。引导学生对《再别康桥》情感和主题的探究。充分发挥学生自主学习的能力，引导学生主动地获取知识，重视学生的实践活动。三、学法1、诵读法 加强诵读，这是阅读诗词的一般方法。2、体悟法 通过意象把握情感，主要是让学生设身处地走进雨巷去感悟。3、联想比较法 通过与诗人的其他作品的比较学习，体会创作风格及作者情感。四、教学过程教学过程设计一、导入自古以来，离别总免不了沉重的愁绪。比如王维《宋元二使安西》：劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人。李白《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》：孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。柳永《雨霖铃》执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎。正所谓自古多情伤离别，更那堪冷落清秋节啊。（设计目的：以离别主题的诗歌导入课文，让学生更快地进入课文情境。）
《祝福》说课稿（一） 2021-2022学年统编版高中语文必修下册
三、说教学目标：根据教材特点、学生学情，结合单元的教学要求和本课特点，我确定本节课的教学目标为：1、语言建构与运用：把握小说主要内容，梳理小说情节。2、思维发展与提升：鉴赏文本，品味人物形象，探究造成人物悲剧的社会根源。3、审美鉴赏与创造：分析祥林嫂人物形象，学习本文塑造人物形象的方法。4、文化传承与理解：认识封建礼教的罪恶，培养学生反封建意识及斗争意识，体会鲁迅小说的社会批判性。四、说教学重难点：教学重点：分析祥林嫂的人物形象。教学难点：体会次要人物身上的内涵，探究造成人物悲剧的社会根源。五、说教法学法：教法：任务导向 启发与点拨 讲授学法：问题探究 小组合作 展示学习是自觉的能力，合作是团队的探究，通过指导自学，小组学习，提升合作学习的能力，让学生掌握科学的学习方法，教法上，我充分遵从认知规律和教学规律，尊重学生主体地位以学习任务为驱动，以情境创设为手段，启
人教版高中政治必修4关于世界观的学说说课稿（二）
一、教材分析1、本框题在教材中的地位。本框题教材所处的地位及联系：《关于世界观的学说》是人教版2004年12月第一版教材高二政治必修4第一单元第二框题，在这之前学生已经学习了生活处处有哲学的内容，了解了哲学与我们的生活息息相关，这为过度到本框题的学习起到了铺垫的作用。本框题又是学生进入哲学的入门，因而它在生活与哲学中具有不容忽视的重要地位。学好本框题，为学生从总体上对哲学的理解，为以后学好哲学做了良好的铺垫作用。本框题是进入哲学与生活不可缺少的部分，也学生的学习生活常常遇到的问题。2、教学目标：1. 知识目标：（1）哲学的含义；（2）哲学与世界观的关系；（3）哲学与具体科学知识的关系。2. 能力目标：（1）通过对哲学与世界观、方法论、具体知识三对关系的分析，培养辩证思维的能；（2）通过对身边生活事例、哲理故事、哲学家观点的体悟，培养分析问题的能力；
人教版高中政治必修4哲学的基本问题说课稿（一）
五．说教学过程：（重点）1.课题引入：课堂探究导入新课。采用教材现成的探究活动导入新课，既“温故”又“知新”，还节约了课堂有效时间。2.讲授新课：（20-25分钟）本课的重难点是关于哲学基本问题的解释，我引用一个很著名的学生也略知一二的唯心主义观点的例子（课堂探究1）顺利进入本课重要知识点的学习，采用案例教学，激发学生的兴趣以及探究问题的欲望，学习哲学基本问题的第一个方面，并用问题和练习形式巩固知识，强化学生易错已混知识点；课堂探究2，同样引用哲学上的著名案例让学生分析探究思考以及合作交流，学生趣味浓厚，主动深入学习本课知识，达到预期教学目的。此时，本课的重点知识教学完成。关于本课的第二个知识点“为什么思维和存在的关系问题是哲学的基本问题”采用学生自主阅读、合作交流的方法，归纳总结，完成本知识目标。3.课堂反馈、知识迁移（10-15分钟）采用学生总结、随堂练习等形式巩固本课知识，同时检验教学效果。可使学生更深刻的理解教学重点。
人教版高中政治必修4生活处处有哲学精品教案
（三）合作探究、精讲点拨。探究一：探究问题：如何看待排名一名高中生在谈到“排名的二重性”时说：“我们既不能盲目地张扬排名，也不能简单地否定排名。作为学生，如果用片面的观点对待排名，排在前面沾沾自喜、骄傲自满，排在后面灰心丧气、一蹶不振，就会停滞不前，甚至倒退；如果通过排名了解自己的学习实力以及同别人的差距，做到知彼知己，扬长避短，就会出现先进更先进、后进赶先进的生动局面。”问题：(1)在排名问题上，人们的看法往往各不相同，这是为什么?(2)为什么我们应看到排名的“二重性”?(3)联系生活中类似的事例，谈谈生活与哲学的关系。教师活动：指导学生阅读以上的材料，并思考所提问题。学生活动：阅读材料，分组讨论问题，发表自己的观点，分析材料中包含的哲学道理。教师点评：(1)在排名问题上，人们的看法不同，主要是因为人们的思维方法不同。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 2 Morals and Virtues-Listening &Speaking＆Talking教学设计
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角）left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading for Writing教学设计
The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures-Reading and Thinking教学设计
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案：1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计
The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的状语)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的状语)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的状语)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定语)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定语)Summary:1. 不定式的结构：to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的，还可以用来作定语，表修饰。
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Discovering Useful Structures导学案
4．They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[归纳]1．过去将来时的基本构成和用法过去将来时由“would＋动词原形”构成，主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)，还可以表示过去的动作习惯或倾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2．表示过去将来时的其他表达法(1)was/were going to＋动词原形：该结构有两个主要用法，一是表示过去的打算，二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to＋动词原形：主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to＋动词原形：表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作，由于本身已含有“即将”的意味，所以不再与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were＋现在分词：表示在过去看来即将发生的动作，通常可用于该结构中的动词是come，go，leave，arrive，begin，start，stop，close，open，die，join，borrow，buy等瞬间动词。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading For Writing教学设计一
另一方面，其余的人反对这个计划，因为它可能会导致一些不好的影响。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我坚信探索太空不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源而且能够帮助我们更好地走进未来。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.为了给人类的短期和长期问题提供更新和更好的解决方法，我认为我们应该花更多的时间和金钱来探索太空。9．From my point of view，it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much，which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看来，年轻人过度依赖手机是不对的，因为它们可能会对他们的身心健康都有害。最近你班同学就“人类是否应该进行宇宙探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为，探索宇宙不仅让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展，还可以用来指导农业生产，以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于现实生活；也有一些人认为探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力；影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以下情况写一篇报告并发表自己的观点。注意：1.写作内容应包括以上全部要点，可适当发挥，使上下文连贯；
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Listening &Speaking教学设计
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5：After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教学设计二
2. 您能看到, 我头发太长了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 无论什么时候, 只要您想回来就回来。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您仅有很少的头发要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 为您服务是我的荣幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教学设计
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英语选修2Unit 2 Bridging Cultures-Discovering useful structures教学设计
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
初中数学七年级上册第一章有理数加法第二课时
一、旧知回顾1、有理数的加法法则：（1）同号两数相加，取相同的符号，并把绝对值相加。（2）绝对值不等的异号两数相加，取绝对值较大的加数的符号，并用较大的绝对值减去较小的绝对值。（3）互为相反数的两数相加得零。（4）一个数与零相加，仍得这个数。注意：一个有理数由符号和绝对值两部分组成，进行加法运算时，应注意确定和的符号和绝对值．